indirect speech acts in pragmatics

... direct speech acts motivated by direct speech acts, indirect speech acts motivated by direct speech acts, direct speech acts motivated by indirect speech acts and finally indirect speech acts motivated ... by direct speech acts, direct speech acts motivated by indirect speech acts and finally indirect speech acts motivated by indirect speech acts. The proportion of individual types in the play ... as I find it most interesting from the point of view of indirectness. The play contains four types of exchanges: direct speech acts motivated by direct speech acts, indirect speech acts motivated...

Ngày tải lên: 10/04/2013, 10:37

... intuitive level, an extension to the work in Cohen [1978] to account for indirect speech acts. Because of space constraints, we will need to depend explicitly on the intuitive meanings ... conditions in the second inference above. S might also infer that A ham a goal of achieving not P. This is another possible inference. Which applies in a given setting is detemlned by the rating ... include the speaker/wrlter holding certain beliefs about the world, and having certain intentions as to how it should change ([Austin, 1962], [Searle, 1969]). In Cohen [1978] and Cohen and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:20

... pronoun in the objective case shouldn’t be used in subject position. For example, it is very informal to say “Him singing in the shower is an interesting hobby”. c. Bare- infinitive nominal clause ... Among knowledge involved in the complex sentence, there are nominal clauses, adverbial clauses, direct and indirect speech. This report looks into these matters by including two main sections. ... When the to of the infinitive is omitted, it is called bare- infinitive. The bare- infinitive nominal clause is used when the infinitive clause supplies a predication corresponding to an use of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/04/2013, 14:57

Ngày tải lên: 18/12/2013, 10:12

... Ved/V2 is/am/are+V.ing was/were+V.ing have/has+Ved/V3 had+Ved/V3 have/has+been+V.ing had+been+V.ing * Past forms  Past perfect forms was/were had+been Ved/V2 had+Ved/V3 Was/were+V.ing had+been+V.ing * Future ... The week before DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH (Câu trực tiếp và câu gián tiếp) Questions in reported speech (Câu hỏi ở lời nói gián tiếp) Ex: He said,”Where are you going?” (Anh ấy hỏi,”Bạn đang ... (1) (2)(3) (4) (5) (6) @ The way to change: DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH (Câu trực tiếp và câu gián tiếp) Commands and requests in reported speech (Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu ở lời nói gián tiếp) Khi...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2013, 01:27

... 2. They said, “We are coming back to our country” à…………………………………………………… 3. They said, “Our flight will arrive in a few minutes.” à …………………………………………………… 4. Mary said to ... + (TO + O), “V + ……” Gián tiếp: S + TOLD + O + TO INF…. ASKED ADVISED ORDERED BEGGED REQUESTED INVITED ENCOURAGED URGED WARNED REMINDED Trực tiếp: S + SAID + (TO + O), “DON’T/NEVER ... this again.” à ……………………………………………………… 3- Questions a- Wh-questions: b-Yes-No questions: EX: 1. He said, “Where do you live?” à …………………………………………………………… 2. She asked, “What are you doing, Ann?”...

Ngày tải lên: 30/06/2013, 01:27

... Change these sentences into indirect speech. 1. “I’ll come to see you on Friday if that is allright” 2. “I’ll have finished writing the report by the time you get there” 3. ... you?” 4. “You are putting on alot of weight” 5. “I have made a rapid progress in English” 6. I can’t come to the party tonight because I’m doing alot of homework” 7. “We didn’t stay in the hotel because ... can’t” 12.” They haven’t finished their work yet.” 13. “We have moved into our new house but I don’t like it as much as the old one.” 14. “I’m going out now, but I’ll be in by 9. “ 15. “I’ve made...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2013, 01:25

... talking. 6. “ Would you mind + Ving…?” → ask … to inf / ask if….would mind + V-ing. “ Would you mind opening the window?”, said Jason to the boy. → Jason asked the boy to open the window. → Jason asked ... How intelligent he is!", she said. — " What a lovely garden!" II. INDIRECT SPEECH: 1.1. Indirect speech thường dùng để kể lại, thuật lại lời nói của ng ười khác 1.2. Reporting ... whether I wanted to go by air or by sea. * Note whether or not: 2 INDIRECT SPEECH, prepared by nguyenhuuquoc INDIRECT SPEECH I. DIRECT SPEECH: 1. Statement: ( Câu thông báo, gồm câu khẳng định và...

Ngày tải lên: 27/07/2013, 01:25

... Grammar Direct and Indirect Speech We often have to give information about what people say or think. In order to do this you can use direct or quoted speech, or indirect or reported speech. Direct Speech ... in the past too. For example: Direct speech Indirect speech "I'm going to the cinema", he said. He said he was going to the cinema. She said, "I can teach English online." ... to. Direct speech Indirect speech "I might go to the cinema", he said. He said he might go to the cinema. You can use the present tense in reported speech if you want to say that something...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2013, 15:11

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:21

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:31

... meaning option 1. My husband asked me not to put sticky things in our child’s pocket. a. “Don’t put sticky things in our child’s pocket” said my husband. b. “You don’t put sticky things in my ... “I’m living in London” She said. ~> She 7. I’ll tell Chris I saw you” She said. ~> She 8. “Please slow down!” ~> Sarah was driving too fast, so I Reported Speech (Indirect Speech) _ ... continuous Past continuous Present perfect simple Past perfect simple Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous Past simple Past perfect simple Past continuous Past perfect continuous/...

Ngày tải lên: 03/12/2013, 00:11

... use the system using speech only, using traditional GUI interaction only, or us- ing a combination of the two. MMD enables integrated multimodality for user input, meaning that a single contribution ... voice icon for the element in focus. 6 Combining flexible dialogue and Speech Cursor Combining flexible dialogue processing with the Speech Cursor concept 1 enables interaction where the user may ... which in turn is implemented using TrindiKit (Traum and Larsson, 2003). The main goal of the original Dico application (Olsson and Villing, 2005), (Villing and Larsson, 2006) was to develop an interface...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... formalize speech acts in a way that would permit them to be used as op- erators in a planning system [1,2]. The central problem in formalizing speech acts is to correctly capture the pertinent facts ... default inferences in a natural way within the logic. Such preferences arise in many disparate settings in nonmonotonic reason- ing for example, in taxonomic hierarchies [6] or in reasoning about ... of the speech act theory in the general hierarchy of theories determines the way in which conclusions drawn in those theories can defeat conclusions that follow from speech acts. In our model,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... units) NW Bulk PL Intensity (arb. units) Time (µs) 40 K fast–decay NW Integrated Intensity NW Bulk Fig. 1. Temperature dependence of the fast-decay intensity in the nanowire (NW) ( • ) and the integrated intensity ... radiative recombination process is dominant. The temperature dependence of the integrated PL intensity in the nanowire is com- pletely dierent from that in bulk c-Si. Considering the weak temperature ... both in the NW and bulk c-Si ( and ). The inset shows PL decay curves at 40 K. agreement with that of the integrated intensity, com- pared with that in bulk c-Si. This agreement suggests that in...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 15:15

... amount of training speech. The training speech can even be a normal quality recording outside the studio environment, where the target speaker is speaking to a standard micro- phone and the speech ... has been preliminary experiments in intra-lingual and cross-lingual speaker adaptation (Wu et al., 2008). For cross-lingual adaptation several new methods have been proposed for mapping the HMM ... example, recorded samples from the internet, to learn a new voice. The following systems will demonstrate the re- sults of monolingual adaptation: 1. In EMIME Voice cloning in Finnish and En- glish the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... fourth line in Table 6 shows the accuracy obtained when a chunking model without transfor- mation rules was used. The accuracy obtained by using the chunking model was one point higher in F-measure ... POS tagging was 94 points in F-measure (Uchimoto et al., 2002). That is much lower than the accuracy ob- tained by manual tagging. Several problems led to this inaccuracy. In the following, we ... accuracy. Considering the results obtained in this section and in Section 4.2.1, we are now detecting short and long word segments and their POS categories in the whole corpus by using the following steps: 1....

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

... discourse structure analysis using DSBs. In the training phase, the model transforms discourse structure (DS) information in the corpus into DSBs by comparing the DS information of an utterance ... explaining the tagged dialogue corpus we used in section 1, we discuss the statistical models in detail in section 2. In section 3, we explain experimental results. Finally, we conclude in ... domains. Recently, machine learning models using a discourse tagged corpus are utilized to analyze speech acts in order to overcome such problems (Nagata (1994a), Nagata (1994b), Reithinger...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 22:20