INDIRECT SPEECH

INDIRECT SPEECH, prepared by nguyenhuuquoc INDIRECT SPEECH I. DIRECT SPEECH: 1. Statement: ( Câu thông báo, gồm câu khẳng định và câu phủ định) a. Affirmative: Jason said, " Tom has worked here since last year." b. Negative : I don't like that house", she said. 2. Questions: a. Yes- No question: Are you tired?", Tom asked me./ Do you work here?", Tom asked. b. Wh/ How- questions: " When did you go to bed last night?", the policeman asked him. " How long have you been there?", Jason asked. 3. Command and request: Go away!", she told us. — " Open the door, please", she requested. 4. Exclamation: How intelligent he is!", she said. — " What a lovely garden!" II. INDIRECT SPEECH: 1.1. Indirect speech thường dùng để kể lại, thuật lại lời nói của ng ười khác 1.2. Reporting verbs: E.g. a. " Where did you go last night?", Mary asked John. Mary asked John where he had gone the night before. ( Khi reporting verb(s) ở present / future thì chúng ta thay đổi ừ liên quan đến người; khi reporting verb(s) ở quá khứ, chúng ta phải thay đổi tenses, persons, adverbs và đôi khi cả động từ) Reporting Verbs Present or future Past Changing Changing Persons Tenses Person(s) Adverb(s) Verbs b. - I shall come back to this restaurant .", he said. E.g. He has said that he will come back to that restaurant. He said that he would come back to that restaurant. 1.3. Changing persons: I → he/ she; me/you → him/her; my → his/ her We → they ; us → them; our → their Mine → his/hers ; our → theirs ; myself → himself/herself. 1.4. Changing tenses: * General rule : “ We have to go one tense back if reporting verb is at a past tense”. 1. Present → Past ; 2. Past → Past perfect ; 3. Future → Future in the Past * Present perfect → Past perfect * Future perfect → Modal perfect (would have V3/Ved) * can → could/ may → might / have to, has to → had to/ * must → had to or must ( deduction or possibility): → He said that George must be a fool to behave like that. * mustn’t (prohibition) → mustn’t / couldn’t : → The guard said we mustn’t / couldn’t cross the border. * needn’t → didn’t have to, needn’t. → The boss said that I needn’t/ didn’t have to come in the next day. * shall (future) → would : “ I shall tell him exactly what I think,” she said 1 INDIRECT SPEECH, prepared by nguyenhuuquoc → She said she would tell him exactly what she thought. * shall ( offers, suggestions, requests for advice) → should: - “ Shall I speak to him in person?”, she asked.→ She asked whether she should speak to him in person. • Unchanging: would rather/ had better/ should/ ought to/ used to/ had + V3/ conditionals 2,3/ past subjunctive… 1.5. Changing time: Now → then/ immediately; today → that day; tonight → that night ; Yesterday → the previous day/ the day before; last night → the night before Tomorrow → the next day/ the following day; two days ago → two days before/ earlier The day after tomorrow → two days after. The day before yesterday → two days before/ earlier 1.6. Changing adverbs of place: Here → there ; this place → that place 1.7. Changing verbs: come/ bring → go/ take * Jason said to me,” I’ll go to your birthday party.” Jason said that he would come to my birthday party III. HOW TO CHANGE : 1. Statement: said (to O) S + told (O) THAT S + V (changed) + ( O/ C/ A) reported … 1. “ I like your dress.”, she said to me. → She tells me that she likes my dress. 2. “ I like your dress.”, she said to me. → She told me that she liked my dress. 3. “ You haven’t learnt well recently.”, they said to Jason. → They said to/ told Jason that he hadn’t learnt well recently. 2. QUESTIONS: 2.1. Yes- No question: asked O S + wondered IF/WHETHER S +V (ch) + ( O/C/A) wanted to know IF/ WHETHER: (liệu có hay không.) 1. He asked me," Do you like these trousers?" - He asked me if I liked those trousers. 2. "Will you go to school next Sunday, Jack?" asked Mary. - Mary asked Jack whether he would go to school the next Sunday. Notes: a. Yes and no are expressed in indirect speech by: subject + appropriate auxiliary verb: - He said, 'Can you swim?' and I said 'No' . → He asked (me) if I could swim and I said I couldn't. -He said, 'Will you have time to do it?' and I said 'Yes' → He asked if I would have time to do it and I said that I would. b. whether can emphasize that a choice has to be made: - 'Do you want to go by air or sear the travel agent asked → The travel agent asked whether I wanted to go by air or by sea. * Note whether or not: 2 INDIRECT SPEECH, prepared by nguyenhuuquoc 'Do you want to insure your luggage or not?”, he asked → He asked whether or not I wanted to insure my luggage or → He asked if I wanted to insure my luggage or not. c. whether + infinitive is possible after wonder, want to know: 'Shall/Should I wait for them or go on?”, he wondered → He wondered whether to wait for them or go on or → He wondered whether he should wait for them or go on. d. whether is neater if the question contains a conditional clause as otherwise there would be two ifs.: 'If you get the job will you move to York?' Bill asked → Bill asked whether, if I got the job, I'd move to York. 2.2. Wh- questions: asked O S + wondered wh- / how- S +V (ch) + ( O/C/A) wanted to know * Wh-: Who/ whom/ whose/ what/ which/ when/ where/ why . * How-: How long/ how far/ how often/ how old . 1. "Where did you go yesterday?" → I asked her where she had gone the day before. 2. They asked ," How can you repair this machine, John?" → They asked John how he could repair that machine. 3."Why did the dog bark violently last night, Daisy?", asked Tom. → Tom asked Daisy why the dog had barked violently the night. 3. COMMAND & REQUEST: asked/ told…. S + ordered…. + O + ( not) to infinitive… requested/ advised * Don’t → Not to infinitive 1. The teacher told students," Open your books now." → The teacher told students to open their books then/ immediately. 2." Don't enter this area.", said the guard to the boys. → The guard ordered the boys not to enter that area. 4. EXCLAMATION: 4.1. S + exclaimed / said / told (O) that + S + V (ch.) + (O/C/A) He said, “ What a dreadful idea!” or “ How dreadful!” → He exclaimed/ said that it was a dreadful idea/ was dreadful. 4.2. S + exclaimed/ said / told (O) + what (a/an) adj N (s) + S + V(ch.) + how adj/ adv. + S + V (ch.) He said, “ What a dreadful idea!” or “ How dreadful!” → He said that what a dreadful idea it was/ how dreadful it was. 4.3. S + gave an exclamation of delight/ disgust/ horror/ relief/ surprise… “ Good.”, he exclaimed. → He gave an exclamation of pleasure/ satisfaction. 3 INDIRECT SPEECH, prepared by nguyenhuuquoc 4.4. With an exclamation of delight/ disgust/ horror…, S + V + ( O/ C/ A) “ Ugh!”, she exclaimed and turned the programme off. With an exclamation of disgust, she turned the programme off NOTES: a. Other types of exclamation, such as Good!/ Marvellous! (Tuyệt!)/ Splendid!(Hết sẩy!) Heavens!( Trời ơi!)/ Oh!(O!)/ Uah!(ghê quá!) etc. can be reported as , in (b) or (c) above: b. Note also: He said, 'Thank you!' = He thanked me. He said, 'Curse this fog!' = He cursed the fog.( nguyền rủa, chửi rủa) He said, 'Good luck!' = He wished me luck. He said, 'Happy Christmas!' = He wished me a happy Christmas. He said, 'Congratulations!' = He congratulated me. He said, 'Liar!' = He called me a liar. He said, 'Damn!'etc. = He swore. The notice said: WELCOME TO WALES'. =The notice welcomed visitors to Wales. NOTES: 1. Had better : She said to Jason,” You’d better arrive on time,” → She said that Jason had better arrive on time. → She advised Jason to arrive on time 2. “ If I were you…” : “ If I were you, I should get another lawyer.”, she said. → She said that if she were me, she would get another lawyer. (LM, p.291) → She advised me to get another lawyer. → She told me that I should get another lawyer. 3. “ What about…?” → suggest : “ What about go camping?”, he continued. → He suggested going camping. 4. “ Why don’t you…?” → suggest / advise : She asked, “ Why don’t you visit Jane?” → She suggested that I (should) visit Jane. → She suggested my visiting Jane → She advised me to visit Jane. 5. “ Will…you?”/ Would…you?” / “ Could… you?” → “ say that…be + to inf.”/ “ suggest. that….(should) V…” / “ order that…” / “ order SO to do sth”… “ Will you stop talking?”, said the teacher. → The teacher ordered(told) them to stop talking. → The teacher said that they were to stop talking. → The teacher suggested that they (should) stop talking. 6. “ Would you mind + Ving…?” → ask … to inf / ask if….would mind + V-ing. “ Would you mind opening the window?”, said Jason to the boy. → Jason asked the boy to open the window. → Jason asked the boy if he would mind opening the window. 7. “ Let’s….” → suggest + V-ing / suggest that….shoul + V … Marie said to her friends, “ Let’s wait here.” → Marie suggested their waiting there. → Marie suggested that they should wait there. 8.“ Let + O + V …” → ask….to let…. “ Let me go”, said Jason to his principal teacher. → Jason asked his principal teacher to let him go. 4 INDIRECT SPEECH, prepared by nguyenhuuquoc • Reporting command and request depends on situation, speaker’s position, which helps to choose the accurate reporting verb. • Some famous verbs that are used to report command& request 1. advise SO (not) to do sth: (khuyen ai nen lam/ khong nen lam viec gi) * The doctor advised the patient to take those pills. * Teacher usually advises his/her students not to smoke. 2. apologise (to SO) for doing/ having done sth: ( xin loi ai vì da lam gi) * She apologized (to her boss) for being late yesterday. 3. ask/ tell sO (not) to do sth: ( yeu cau, sai, bao ai lam/ khong lam gi) * My parents asked me to study hard. * Jason told us (not) to shut the door. 4. command/ order sO to do sth: ( ra lenh cho ai phai lam gi) * The officer commanded/ ordered his men to fire. 5. object to (doing) sth: ( phan doi (lam) viec gi) * I strongly objected to being charged a fee for using my credit card. Object + that : I objected that he was too young for the job. 6. request sO to do sth: (yeu cau ai lam gì) – be requested to do sth : (duoc yeu cau lam gi) * The police requested drivers to take care on the icy road. ( Drivers were requested to take care on the icy road.) 7. suggest : goi y/ de nghi Suggest + V-ing: - He suggested taking the children to the zoo. Suggest + that : - I suggested that we (should) break for lunch now. Suggest (to SO) that: - I suggested to the others that they could join us. 8. remind sO to do sth: ( nhac ai laøm gi) * Please remind me to buy a loaf of bread. 9. deny doing sth/ deny that : phu nhan, khong thua nhan (da lamgi). * She denied knowing anything about it. * He denied that he had been involved. 10. accuse sO of (doing) sth: ( len an ai da lam gi) * The policeman accused the boy of stealing the bicycle. * Jason accused his neighbor of thief 11. regret: hoi han/ hoi tiec: - regret + V-ing : - I regretted (his) ever raising the matter. - regret + that : - I regret that I cannot help. - regret + to inf. : We regret to inform you that your applications have been unsuccessful. 12. allow/ permit sO to do sth: cho phep ai lam gi 13. beg(ged) sO to do sth: cau xin ai lam gi. 14. urge sO to do sth: thuc giuc ai lam gi …… EXERCISES: I. 1 He said, 'Get out of my way.' 2 'Climb in through the window,' he ordered. 3 'Please pay at the desk,' said the assistant. 4 'Open your bag, please,' said the store detective. 5 'Don't worry about anything, Mrs. Pitt,' said her solicitor. 'Leave it all to me.' 6 'Don't use bent coins in a slot machine,' I warned him. 7 'Follow that car,' the detective said to the taxi-driver. 8 'Wash it in lukewarm water,' recommended the assistant. 5 INDIRECT SPEECH, prepared by nguyenhuuquoc 9 'Have confidence in me,' urged the doctor. 10 'Take me up to the 33rd floor,' he said to the liftman. II. 1 'What happened to Mr. Budd?' said one of the men. 2 'Which of his sons inherited his estate?' asked another. 3 'Who is going to live in the big house?' enquired a third. 4 'What will happen to his racehorses?' asked someone else. 5 'Which team has won?' asked Ann. 6 'Which team won the previous match?' said Bill. 7 'Who is playing next week?' he asked. 8 'Who will be umpiring that match?' asked Tom. 9 'Who wants a lift home?' said Ann. 10 'Who has just dropped a $10 note?' I asked. III. 1 'What country do you come from?' said Bill. 2 'How long have you been here?' said Ann. 3 'Are you working as well as studying?' asked Peter. 4 'Have you got a work permit?' Bill wanted to know. 5 'What are you going to study?' asked Ann. 6 'Have you enrolled for more than one class?' said Peter. 7 'Do you want to buy any second-hand books?' said Bill. 8 'Have you seen the library?' asked Ann. 9 'Do you play rugby?' said Peter. 10 'Will you have time to play regularly?' he went on. IV. 1 Tom invited Ann to come for a drive the following day. 2 Ann accepted with pleasure and asked where he was thinking of going. 3 He said he'd leave it to her. 4 She suggested Stratford . . . 5 adding that she hadn't been there for ages. 6 Tom agreed and said that they might go on the river if it was a fine day. 7 Ann wondered what was on at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre. 8 Tom said they'd find out when they got there . 9 adding that it was usually possible to get seats on the day of the play. 10 He asked Ann if she could be ready by ten. V. 1. My friend said, "Are you going to leave tomorrow?" 2."Have you done your homework?", said my mother. 3. I asked Bill, "What time did you go to bed last night?" 4. Paul said "I must go home now." 5."There's been an accident and the road is blocked", said the policeman. 6. "We are waiting for the school bus", said the children. 7. Mary said, "My father died a year ago". 8."Must you go now?", said Mr. Brown. 9."Whose bicycle did you borrow yesterday?", his mother asked him. 10."It isn't so foggy today as it was yesterday", said the teacher. 11."Be modest if you are a good pupil", said my father. 12."Shut the door but don't lock it" she said to us. 13. Tom said, "New York is bigger than London". 6 . INDIRECT SPEECH, prepared by nguyenhuuquoc INDIRECT SPEECH I. DIRECT SPEECH: 1. Statement: ( Câu thông báo, gồm. is!", she said. — " What a lovely garden!" II. INDIRECT SPEECH: 1.1. Indirect speech thường dùng để kể lại, thuật lại lời nói của ng ười khác