history role and functions by hanspeter k scheller

... N T R A L B A N K HISTORY, ROLE AND FUNCTIONS BY HANSPETER K SCHELLER SECOND REVISED EDITION 2006 Published by: © European Central Bank, 2006 Address Kaiserstrasse 29 60311 Frankfurt am Main Germany ... open market economy 2.3 Assignment of tasks by the Treaty 2.3.1 Basic tasks of the Eurosystem 2.3.2 Other tasks 2.4 Centralised decision-making and operational decentralisation 2.5 The ECB’s role ... form the background to the ECB’s and the Eurosystem’s policies and activities and it is our hope that the fuller knowledge provided by this book will lead to an even better understanding of the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 10:20

... k1 k2 (c) (d) k1 k2 k1 + k2 IES-17 The equivalent thermal conductivity of the wall as shown in the figure is: K1 K K + K2 (a) (b) K1 + K 2 (c) IES-18 IES-19 2K1 K K1 + K (d) K1 K K1 K2 L1 = L2 [IES-2010] ... conductivities k1 and k2 If each layer has the same thickness, then what is the equivalent thermal conductivity of the slab? [IES-2009] 2k1 2k1 k2 k1 k2 k1 k2 (a) (b) (c) (d) ( k1 + k2 ) ( k1 + k2 ) ( k1 + k2 ... thickness and having thermal conductivities of k1 and k2 respectively The equivalent thermal conductivity of the slab is: [IES-1992; 1993; 1997; 2000] k + k2 2k1 k2 (a) k1 + k2 (b) k1 k2 (c) (d) k1 k2...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2016, 10:35

... Joint S K Mondal’s Chapter IES-20 Ans (d) IES-21 What is sunk key made in the form of a segment of a circular disc of uniform thickness, known as? [IES-2006] (a) Feather key (b) Kennedy key (c) ... (c) Parallel sunk key The parallel sunk keys may be of rectangular or square section uniform in width and thickness throughout It may be noted that a parallel key is a taperless and is used where ... Chapter The key shown in the above figure is a (a) Barth key (b) Kennedy key (c) Lewis key (d) Woodruff key [IES-2000] IES-28 Ans (a) IES-29 Match List I (Keys) with List II (Characteristics) and select...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2016, 10:36

... System ms S K Mo ondal’ss T(0C) -20 40 Hf(kJ/kg) 20 80 Chapte C r2 Hg (k kJ/kg) 180 200 sf(kJ/kg g K) 0.07 0.3 sg(kJ/kg K) K 0.7366 0.67 GA ATE-3 If refrigeran r t circulation rate is 0.025 kg/s, the ... on will be (assume ( air as [IES-19 the e working substance with cp = k kJ per kg per p °C) 993] (b) 200 kJ/kg (a) 250 kJ/kg k (c) 50kJ /k kg (d) 25kJ/kg g IE ES-20 Ans (d) Figure shows the Brayton ... are 195 kJ/kg, 210 kJ/kg, and 90 kJ/kg respectively The mass flow rate is 0.5 kg/s Then the heating capacity of heat pump is, nearly [IES-2001] (a) 7.5 kW (b) 45 kW (c) 52.2 kW (d) 60 kW IES-8...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2016, 10:36

... Pancreatic Cancer 225 Shigeo Koido, Sadamu Homma, Akitaka Takahara, Yoshihisa Namiki, Hideo Komita, Kan Uchiyama, Toshifumi Ohkusa and Hisao Tajiri Chapter 14 The Role of Mesothelin in Pancreatic ... Sato, Takeshi Tanaka, Fujii Katsunori, Kazuko Kita and Nobuo Suzuki Chapter 10 Vitamin D for the Prevention and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer 175 Kun-Chun Chiang and Tai C Chen Chapter 11 Molecular ... Mori, M., Nakao, H., Ishii, H., Nakamura, K. , Wakai, K. , Hosono, S., Tamakoshi, A.,& Kikuchi, S.(2011) An overview of genetic polymorphisms and pancreatic cancer risk in molecular epidemiologic studies...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... Maaike Kockx, Leonard Kritharides, Edward Loane, Vikram Jairam, Koji Uchida, Vasanthy Narayanaswami, Mohammad Z Ashraf, Swati Srivastava, Ivana Pejin-Grubiša, Andriy L Zagayko, Anna B Kravchenko, ... Vaverková, David Karásek, Yoshio Aizawa, Hiroshi Abe, Kai Yoshizawa, Haruya Ishiguro, Yuta Aida, Noritomo Shimada, Akihito Tsubota, Haruhiko Sakamoto, Masaki Ueno, Wu Bin, Yumiko Nagai, Kouichi ... Mshelia, A.A Kullima, Stanislav Oravec, Johannes Mikl, Kristina Gruber, Elisabeth Dostal, Göran Walldius, Assia Rharbi, Khadija Amine, Zohra Bakkoury, Afaf Mikou, Anass Kettani, Abdelkader Betari,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 21:20

... 5¢-CTTGGATGTCTGGCGGATGTT-3¢ USE USE USE USE Kunkel PCR PCR USE USE Kunkel Kunkel EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Materials All chemicals were obtained from the Sigma–Aldrich Chemical Co or Merck and were of analytical grade ... also supplied by: Amersham Biosciences (protein chromatography systems and columns, U.S.E Mutagenesis Kit); Bohringer–Mannheim (ATP); MBI (1 Kb and 100 bp DNA gel markers); Bio-Rad (Kunkel mutagenesis ... TGGCAACAACG-3¢ *denotes cleavage site for selection primers PCR, Stratagene QuikChange Mutagenesis Kit Kunkel, Method developed by Kunkel [14,15] Mutation Primer sequence Method R74I R74Q R75I R75Q R160Q...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 01:20

... development and disease Nat Rev Immunol, 9, 259-270 Popivanova, B .K. , Kostadinova, F.I., Furuichi, K. , Shamekh, M.M., Kondo, T., Wada, T., Egashira, K and Mukaida, N (2009) Blockade of a chemokine, ... responses and antitumor resistance Cancer Res, 66, 11432-11440 Sawanobori, Y., Ueha, S., Kurachi, M., Shimaoka, T., Talmadge, J.E., Abe, J., Shono, Y., Kitabatake, M., Kakimi, K. , Mukaida, N and Matsushima, ... S .K. , Koutoulaki, A., Gerard, C., Coukos, G and Lambris, J.D (2008) Modulation of the antitumor immune response by complement Nat Immunol, 9, 1225-1235 Martin, C .K. , Werbeck, J.L., Thudi, N .K. ,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 19:20

... development and disease Nat Rev Immunol, 9, 259-270 Popivanova, B .K. , Kostadinova, F.I., Furuichi, K. , Shamekh, M.M., Kondo, T., Wada, T., Egashira, K and Mukaida, N (2009) Blockade of a chemokine, ... responses and antitumor resistance Cancer Res, 66, 11432-11440 Sawanobori, Y., Ueha, S., Kurachi, M., Shimaoka, T., Talmadge, J.E., Abe, J., Shono, Y., Kitabatake, M., Kakimi, K. , Mukaida, N and Matsushima, ... S .K. , Koutoulaki, A., Gerard, C., Coukos, G and Lambris, J.D (2008) Modulation of the antitumor immune response by complement Nat Immunol, 9, 1225-1235 Martin, C .K. , Werbeck, J.L., Thudi, N .K. ,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 22:20

... Strategies and Challenges in Measuring Protein Abundance Using Stable Isotope Labeling and Tandem Mass Spectrometry Kolbrun Kristjansdottir, Satoe Takahashi, Samuel L Volchenboum and Stephen J Kron ... traps, the orbitrap in 2000 by the hands of Alexander Makarov(Makarov 2000) and the linear quadrupole ion trap (LIT) in 2002 by James W Hager (Hager 2002) Applications of Tandem Mass Spectrometry: ... 282-283 Cooks, R G., J T Koskinen, et al (1999) The kinetic method of making thermochemical determinations Journal of Mass Spectrometry 34(2): 85-92 Cooks, R G and P S H Wong (1998) Kinetic Method...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 19:20

... Intracellular transport and TGN localization of UL20p mutants and gK Transport and localization of UL20p and gK was further assessed by transient coexpression of gK and UL20p and simultaneous detection ... experiments K G Kousoulas wrote the manuscript 21 22 Acknowledgements This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI43000) to K. G .K J M M and P ... JM, Olivier TL, Kousoulas KG: Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein K (gK) and the UL20 protein are interdependent for intracellular trafficking and trans-Golgi network localization...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... factor-beta isoforms on matrix-formation by primary human lung fibroblasts Cytokine 2003, 24:25-35 Karsdal MA, Hjorth P, Henriksen K, Kirkegaard T, Nielsen KL, Lou H, Delaisse JM, Foged NT: Transforming ... cytokines and factors known for their different activities on the development of lung fibrosis: proinflammatory (IL-1β and TNF-α), profibrotic (IL-4 and TGFβ) and antifibrotic mediators (IL-9 and ... http://respiratory-research.com/content/6/1/84 18 19 20 21 Acknowledgements We thank Youssof Yakoub for his excellent technical assistance This work was supported by the EU (QLK3-CT-2002-01967, SILIBIOTEC) and Action de Recherche...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:21

... are good substartes for basophilic kinases like AGC kinase family and Ca2+/calmodulin dependent kinases e.g PKA, PKC, CamKI, ChkI, Akt, SDK1, CKI etc Some of the kinases that have been reported ... *Mahalakshmi, R.N., Nagashima, K. , Cher, D.H., Ikeda, H., Yamada, Y., Seino, Y and Hunziker, W (2006) Nuclear sequestration of beta-subunits by Rad and Rem is controlled by 14-3-3 and calmodulin and ... Mahalakshmi, R.N., Nagashima, K. , Ng, M.Y., Inagaki, N., Hunziker, W and Beguin, P (2007) Nuclear transport of Kir/Gem requires specific signals, importin α5 and is regulated by calmodulin and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 18:28

... sin(φ j − k ) sin(φ j + k )| ∏ (2.23) j=1, j =k, j=d+1 k On the other hand, since k + ξd+1 k = and k + φd+1 k = π, qd+1 k = |2 k − k2 sin2 ω| ≥ | sin(2 k )| = | sin(φd+1 k − k )| (2.24) ... d ≥ and set nk = ei k for ≤ k ≤ d If V = {nk }, then HV is the straight line passing through nk and the origin Hence dist(n j , H{nk } ) = | sin(θ j − k )| and hnk ,Vd = d ∏ | sin(θ j − k )| ... Lemma 2.10 and ΘHd ⊂ B(0, ηd ), limd→∞ ηd = We write Hd = { , , d } where k (z) = nk , z + ck , nk = vk / vk , vk = (1,tk , ,tkN−1 ) Looking at the proof of Lemma 3.3 we have |ck | ≤ ηd for...

Ngày tải lên: 14/10/2015, 08:04

... ≤ Ts , N −1 s(t) = N −1 dk k (t) = k= 0 where f k = f + k f and as dk ej2π f k t , (1.31) k= 0 f = 1/Ts In (1.31) the signals k (t), which are defined k (t) = ej2π f k t if ≤ t ≤ Ts else, (1.32) ... found by using the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, L−1 ck h k L−1 ≤ k= 0 L−1 h 2k ck2 k= 0 (1.42) k= 0 The SNR in (1.41) is maximized when (1.42) is an equality This is achieved by letting hk ck = √ ... s[n] = s(nTsa ) = dk ej2π fk nTs /N , ≤ n ≤ N − k= 0 If we assume, without loss of generality, that f = we get f k = k f = k/ Ts , leading to N −1 dk ej2π nk/N s[n] = (1.33) k= 0 This result can...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2016, 13:04

... function because  Subtask and subtask are identical tasks  The calculation for subtask is the same as the calculation for subtask with different arguments Subtask and subtask each return a single ... 4; double candy_per_person; candy_per_person = static_cast(total_candy) / number_of_people;  candy_per_person now is 2.25!  This would also work: candy_per_person = total_candy / static_cast( ... Design (also called stepwise refinement)  Break the algorithm into subtasks  Break each subtask into smaller subtasks  Eventually the smaller subtasks are trivial to implement in the programming...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2012, 22:48

... Protein kinases and phosphatases: The yin and yang of protein phosphorylation and signalling Cell, 1995 80: 225-236 Schenk, PW and Snarr-Jagalska, BE Signal perception and transduction: the role ... tyrosine kinase (RTK) e.g EGFR, PDGFR, FGFR and the IR and non-receptor tyrosine kinase (NRTK) e.g SRC, ABL, FAK and Janus kinase The receptor tyrosine kinases are not only cell surface transmembrane ... C., and Levitzki, A Blocking of EGF-dependent cell proliferation by EGF receptor kinase inhibitors Science, 1988 242: 933-935 36 Fabbro, D., Parkinson, D., and Matter, A Protein tyrosine kinase...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 09:57

... Let K be a nonempty convex set The polar of K is K = {x ∗ ∈ IRn | x ∗ , x ≤ for all x ∈ K } Proposition If K is a convex cone, then the polar of K is the cone K = {x ∗ | x ∗ , x ≤ for all x ∈ K ... Furthermore, K 00 is the closure of K In particular if K is closed, then K 00 = K tvnguyen (University of Science) Convex Optimization 64 / 108 Chapter Duality for sets and functions Illustration and ... Let K be a closed convex cone For the three elements x, x1 , x2 in IRn , the properties below are equivalent : (i) x = x1 + x2 with x1 ∈ K , x2 ∈ K and x1 , x2 = ; (ii) x1 = PK (x) and x2 = PK...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 15:20

... 108 Chapter Topological properties for sets and functions Affine Combination An affine combination of finitely many points x1 , , xk is defined by k k αi xi i=1 where αi = i=1 As for convex sets, ... for sets and functions Examples Let C = {x} Then aff C = {x}, int C = ∅ and ri C = {x} Let C = [a, b] where a, b ∈ IR n with a = b and n ≥ Then aff C is the straight line generated by a and b, int ... finitely many points of C Let C = {x1 , x2 , , xk } Then k aff C = k αi x i i=1 αi = i=1 Examples : aff {x} = {x}, aff [x, y ] is the line generated by x and y aff B(0, 1) = IRn tvnguyen (University...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 15:20