... toolsAs discussed earlier in the section called Cand C ++speci c problems, one of the causes of problemswith Cand C ++code, is the policy of requiring explicit allocation and deallocation of ... gcc, checkergcc to include boundarychecks in your code. It is probably better than Electric Fence, but less easy to use as it requires alllibraries you use to be compiled with checkergcc themselves.21 ... structure.Consider the program buggy.cc:#include <stdio.h>#include <malloc.h>19 Chapter 3. Aspects of debugging Cand C ++codeAlso, the size and representation of some of C s and C ++’s...
... 34Dueling Containers in C+ +vector<Shape *> pic;pic.push_back( new Circle );pic.push_back( new Triangle );pic.push_back( new Square );…list<Shape *> picture;picture.push_back( pic[2] ... delete the objects to which the pointers refer.vector<Shape *> pic;pic.push_back( new Circle );pic.push_back( new Triangle );pic.push_back( new Square );// leaks memory when pic goes out ... 49realloc(p, 0)The realloc() function deallocates the old object and returns a pointer to a new object of a specified size. If memory for the new object cannot be allocated, the realloc() function...
... delay(unsigned int nMilliseconds) { #define CYCLES_PER_MS 260 /* Number of decrement -and- test cycles. */ unsigned long nCycles = nMilliseconds * CYCLES_PER_MS; while (nCycles ); } /* delay() ... delay() */ The hardware-specific constant CYCLES_PER_MS represents the number of decrement -and- test cycles (nCycles != 0) that the processor can perform in a single millisecond. To determine this ... of Chapter 6 through Chapter 10 and discusses advanced topics that are of interest to inexperienced and experienced embedded programmers alike. These chapters are mostly self-contained and can...
... between a process and a user thread . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 xii Developing and Porting Cand C+ + Applications on AIX Chapter 1. Cand C+ + compilers 231.4 Activating the compilersOnce you have ... rights reserved. 1Chapter 1. Cand C+ + compilersThis chapter focuses on the latest versions of the IBM Cand C+ + compiler products for AIX: C for AIX Version 6.0 and VisualAge C+ + for AIX Version ... the certificate in large numbers of machines can be cumbersome.If you wish to use the simple nodelock certificate, you can skip directly to 1.6, “Enrolling a product license” on page 27. If you...
... performance specifications. Performance specifications guide the design process and provide the means for determining when a controller design is satisfactory. Controller performance specifications can ... of Kp and repeating the test. If satisfactory system performance is achieved, you are done. If excessive overshoot and oscillation occur before acceptable response time is achieved, you will ... repeating the test. Watch for the appearance of actuator saturation and reduce Kp if unacceptable saturation occurs. If satisfactory system performance is achieved, you are done. If the steady-state...
... Security, Privacy, and CommerceDatabase NationBuilding Secure Servers withLinuxSecurity BooksResource Centersecurity.oreilly.com is a complete catalog of O’Reilly’s books onsecurity and ... access checks on files, you need to be careful to avoid the types ofrace conditions known as Time of Check, Time of Use (TOCTOU), which are illus-trated in Figures 2-1 and 2-2. These race conditions ... These race conditions occur when access is checkedbefore opening a file. The most common way for this to occur is to use theaccess( )system call to verify access to a file, and then to use open(...
... wouldreduce the calculation time for multiplication, division, and exponentiation1Without taking into account such practical nonstandard types as unsigned long long in GNU C/ C++ and certain other C ... www.it-ebooks.info Chapter 1the GNU compiler gcc, the macro __FLINT_API_A is defined by __cdecl, and some compilers understand this as an instruction that the assembler functionscorresponding to the C name and ... call, here for the GNU compiler gcc, looks something likethe following (with the paths to the source directories suppressed):gcc -O2 -o rsademo rsademo.cpp rsakey.cpp flintpp.cpprandompp.cpp...
... write your own.ã Chapter 9 expands on the device driver and operating system concepts presented in the previous chapters. Itexplains how to control more complicated peripherals and includes a complete ... overnight success, and its use increased steadily over the next decade. Early embeddedapplications included unmanned space probes, computerized traffic lights, and aircraft flight control systems. ... the Arcom board processors, and microwave ovens), living rooms (televisions, stereos, and remote controls), and workplaces (faxmachines, pagers, laser printers, cash registers, and credit card...
... 0x34)#define T0CON (PCB_BASE + 0x36)#define T1CNT (PCB_BASE + 0x38)#define T1CMPA (PCB_BASE + 0x3A)#define T1CMPB (PCB_BASE + 0x 3C) #define T1CON (PCB_BASE + 0x3E)#define T2CNT (PCB_BASE + 0x40)#define ... Macintosh computers -and the ubiquitous 80x86 families.A microcontroller is very much like a microprocessor, except that it has been designed specifically for use inembedded systems. Microcontrollers ... deviceOnce you& apos;ve created a block diagram, don't just crumple it up and throw it away. You should instead put it where you can refer to it throughout the project. I recommend creating...
... device. Both of thesesolutions work very well in practice.6.3.2 Cyclic Redundancy CodesA cyclic redundancy code (CRC) is a specific checksum algorithm that is designed to detect the most common ... having some way to confirm that the device is working and that the data it containsis valid. That's where checksums and cyclic redundancy codes come in.6.3.1 ChecksumsHow can we tell if the ... data, you need only recalculate the checksum and comparethe result to the previously computed value. If the two checksums match, the data is assumed to be valid. Bycarefully selecting the checksum...
... application to compute and verify CRC checksums. An additional benefit of splitting the computationbetween crcInit and crcCompute is that the crcInit function need not be executed on the embedded ... flashBase[UNLOCK1_OFFSET] = FLASH_CMD_UNLOCK1; flashBase[UNLOCK2_OFFSET] = FLASH_CMD_UNLOCK2; * Function: crcInit() * * Description: Initialize the CRC lookup table. This table is used * by crcCompute() ... */ crcTable[dividend] = remainder; }} /* crcInit() */Finally, we arrive at the actual workhorse routine, crcCompute. This is a routine that you can call over and overfrom your application...
... */Notice how the functional part of this routine is surrounded by the two function calls enterCS and exitCS. The blockof code between these calls is said to be a critical section. A critical section ... decide whether to call restoreContext. If contextSwitch did not perform this check,the code associated with the new task would never get to execute.I know this can be a complicated sequence ... than show you the 80x86-specific assembly code that I used in ADEOS, I'll show the contextswitch routine in a C- like pseudocode:voidcontextSwitch(PContext pOldContext, PContext pNewContext){...
... projects and pocketbooks. In this section we will discuss theprocess of selecting the commercial operating system that best fits the needs of your project.Commercial operating systems form a continuum ... initializing the three private datamembers and configuring the requested data channel within the SCC hardware:#include "scc.h"static SCC scc;/********************************************************************** ... structure of this application and itssource code in such a way that there is no magic remaining for you. You should leave this chapter with a completeunderstanding of the example program and...