... similarity-based approach wouldbe essential, as pattern-based approach is enhancedwith the supervised machine learning.In this paper, we propose a novel approach to automaticsynonymidentification ... step to truly practical lexical knowledgeacquisition. Setting our future direction on the com-pletely automatic construction of reliable thesaurusor ontology, the approach proposed here is to ... paper, we proposed a novel approachto au-tomatic synonymidentification based on supervisedmachine learning and distributional features. Forthis purpose, we re-formalized synonym acquisitionas...
... of Distributed Listening research is to take a unique approach in order to enhance the success of the traditional approaches to speech recognition. The approach of Distributed Listen-ing directly ... speech recognizers in an effort to improve speech recognition, as discussed next. 2.1 Enhanced Majority Rules Barry (et al., 1994) took three different Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) ... unigram grammar is stored in a phrase database. The grammar is organized according to individual words and phrases. Each phrase is placed in a table. The phrases are broken down into their individual...
... Computational Linguistics An HMM-Based ApproachtoAutomatic Phrasing for Mandarin Text- to- Speech Synthesis Jing Zhu Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University zhujing@sjtu.edu.cn ... Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University lijh888@sjtu.edu.cn Abstract Automatic phrasing is essential to Mandarin text- to- speech synthesis. We select word format as ... high-level syntactic features due to two reasons. Firstly, it is very challenging to parse Chinese sentence because no grammar is formal enough to be applied to Chinese parsing. In addition,...
... revised 17 October2007, accepted 19 October 2007)doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06156.xGroups of oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were exposed to 25 °C for 24 days(controls to 13 °C) to explore the ... used to formulate hypotheses as to how different tissues andwhole organisms respond to particular biotic or abioticstresses. Few studies have addressed changes in geneexpression in response to ... proliferation, apoptosisCellular communication, signal transductionCellular stress, inflammation, immune functionCytoskeleton, structure, matrix and cellular trafficking DetoxificationEnergetic...
... in the cytosol. Collectively, weassume that cytosolic CgLeu2p has the ability to utilizeNADP and that it supplies cytosolic NADPH, whereascytosolic ScLeu2p cannot provide NADPH due to itsspecificity ... the mitochondrial matrix and to beimportant to several NADPH-requisite mitochondrialprocesses, e.g. resistance to a broad range of oxida-tive stress, respiration, arginine biosynthesis, mito-chondrial ... unexpectedly found to be viable, forUTR1, YEF1 and POS5 demonstrated the critical contribution of Pos5p to mitochondrial function and survival at 37 °C and the critical contributionof Utr1p to growth...
... for using to elucidate new potential molecular targetsin tumour biology or to highlight the mechanism of actionof our cytotoxic GT oligonucleotides.In this article, we report the identification ... 10 min to a 302 nm UV light, added to SDS/PAGEloading buffer and separated by SDS/PAGE (12% gel). The arrowsindicated the specific cytotoxicity-related complex.Ó FEBS 2003 eEF1A binding to aptameric ... corresponding to the N-terminal region of eEF1A, were present; this regionis totally deleted in PTI-1. Similar considerations were takeninto account to exclude the possibility that P1 correspondedto...
... inducedby PYM, expecting to reveal new molecules related to PYM resistance, and to provide candidate biomarkers to predict the clinical response to PYM-based chemo-therapy in tongue cancers.ResultsBiological ... agent for 48 h. Then, Hoechst33258 was used to detect apoptosis according to a standard procedure, a fluo-rescence microscope was used to observe apoptotic cells,which were typically identified ... microarray screening to correlate gene expres-sion profiles with sensitivity of human cancer xenografts to anticancer drugs. Cancer Res 62, 518–527.13 Pastorekova S, Zatovicova M & Pastorek J (2008)Cancer...
... (2007) Hepatic IGFBP1 is aprosurvival factor that binds to BAK, protects the liverfrom apoptosis, and antagonizes the proapoptotic actionsof p53 at mitochondria. Genes Dev 21, 3095–3109.6 Lang ... influencesthe propensity of IGFBP-1 to proteolysis.AbbreviationsIGF, insulin-like growth factor; IGFBP, insulin-like growth factor binding protein; LC-ESI-MS, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass ... shownthat a portion of intracellular IGFBP-1 localizes to mitochondria, where it acts as a prosurvival factor andprotects the liver from apoptosis [5]. IGFBP-1 repre-sents a minor IGF binding...
... such as dithiothreitol (DTT), Fe3+catalyses the reduction of O2 to H2O2, which is furtherconverted to OH•by the Fenton reaction [18]. TheMCO system causes damage to DNA by producingOH•, ... causedamage to all major classes of biological macromole-cules, leading to protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation,DNA base modifications and strand breaks [1]. Inorder to protect against toxic ROS, ... 2006 FEBS 7212 Storz G & Zheng M (2000) Oxidative stress. In Bacter-ial Stress Responses (Storz, G & Hengge-Aronis, R,eds), pp. 47–59. ASM Press, Washington, DC.3 Touati D (2000) Iron...
... N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase,GalNAc-T8, and analysis as a candidate autosomal dominanthypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR) gene. Gene 246, 347–356.13.Toba,S.,Tenno,M.,Konishi,M.,Mikami,T.,Itoh,N.&Kurosaka, ... is totally insen-sitive to DFP treatment, and thus appears not to containany serine residues important for enzyme function. Bycontrast, all three serine mutants were inactivated by DFP to ... analysis of the UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosa-mine: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. Essentialresidues lie in a predicted active site cleft resembling a lactoserepressor fold. J. Biol....
... intends not only to per-form a certain communicative act that contributes to a coherent dialogue (in the literature referred to as dialogue act), but also to perform that act to- ward the particular ... purposes: to controlcommunication, to provide a visual feedback, to communicate emotions and to communicate thenature of relationships (Kendon, 1967; Argyle,1969).Recent studies into multi-party ... interaction(Traum, 2004). In the context of automatic anal-ysis of multi-party face -to- face conversation, Ot-suka et al. (2005) proposed a framework forautomating inference of conversational structurethat...
... with the numbers attributed to them above.5 Experimental Work To integrate AR in the OM algorithm, we add theantecedents of the pronouns annotated as opiniontargets to the target candidate list. ... de-pendency paths. In our experiments, we require adependency path to be found to each word of amultiword target candidate for it to be extracted.Furthermore, Zhuang et al. (2006) do not statewhether ... for opinion target identification summedup over all folds. In Table 4, a true positive refers to an extracted pronoun which was annotated asan opinion target and is resolved to the correctantecedent....
... wastransferred into a binary vector pGWB2 downstream of theCaMV35S promoter to give pGWB2–PfGST1 for planttransformation. The resulting binary vector pGWB2–PfGST1 was introduced into A. tumefaciens ... twogenes, PfGST1, was subjected to further analysis asdescribed below. With respect to the regulatory genes,in addition to the previously isolated two regulatorygenes, bHLH-F3G1 [18] and Myb-P1 ... dAresidues were attached to the amplified fragment by Ex Taqpolymerase (Takara, Japan), and then the resulting frag-ment was cloned into pGEM-T Easy (Promega, KK,Tokyo, Japan) to give pGTE-PfGST1.Construction...
... would want to apply it to a sentence such as “In 1368 Han rebelsdrove out the Mongols”, but to avoid applying it to a sentence like “The history of the Han ethnic groupis closely tied to that ... infor-mation within a 10-token window. Each dimensioni in the vector corresponds to a single word wiinthe vocabulary, and a single dimension was added to represent any number token. The value in ... similarity is too high, itmight be better not to simplify the original word.Context Similarity The second factor has to dowith ambiguity. We wish to detect and avoid caseswhere a word appears...
... classified into 19 semantic categories and on agood-bad rating scale to evaluate how the marketsreacted to good and bed news: he found that mar-kets do react to news with a tendency to overreact to ... computer-aided objectivity which en-tails determining linguistic features to be used to automatically categorise text into positive or nega-tive news. Davis et al (2006) investigate the effectsof ... returns up to 4 weeks around story re-lease. The studies establish a relationship betweenaffective bias in text and market activity that marketplayers and regulators may have to address.3 Approach 3.1...