an improved error model

... that while a language model improves results, using the better error model (Figure 1) still gives significantly better results. Using a language model with our best error model gives a 73.6% error reduction ... 168-173. 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 12345 N-Best Accuracy No Language Model Trigram Language Model Figure 1 Spelling Correction Improvement When Using a Language Model 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 12345 N-Best Accuracy No Language Model Trigram Language Model Figure ... be modeled by P(anti | ante), rather than P(i | e). By taking a more generic approach to error modeling, we can more accurately model the errors people make. A formal presentation of our model follows....

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... Satoshi Sekine, and Ralph Grishman. 2001. Automatic Pattern Acquisition for Japanese In- formation Extraction. In Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference (HLT2001). Roman Yangarber, ... other methods and Section 5 presents an analysis of these results. Finally, Section 6 provides some concluding remarks and perspective on future research. 2 Subtree model Our research on improved ... Stage 3: Ranking Pattern Candidates Given the dependency trees of parsed sentences in the relevant document set, all the possible subtrees can be candidates for extraction patterns. The rank- ing...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 26/05/2013, 21:28

... resources (Wernefelt, 1984). Grant (Grant, 1995) distinguishes tangible, intangible, and human assets. Tangible resources include plants, equipment and cash reserves. Intangible resources include ... levels and represents the core of our e-business model research. By defining the relevant e-business model An e-Business Model Ontology for Modeling e-Business 2 models is essential in an increasingly ... e-business models, we introduce a new e-Business Model Ontology. Using the concept of business models can help companies understand, communicate and share, change, measure, simulate and learn...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 21:20

... Biosynthesis of riboflavin Screening for an improved GTP cyclohydrolase II mutant Martin Lehmann 1 , Simone Degen 1 , Hans-Peter Hohmann 1 , Markus Wyss 1 , Adelbert Bacher 2 and Nicholas Schramek 2 1 DSM ... produced per year for use in human nutrition, animal husbandry and as a food colorant. In recent years, efficient fermentation processes have replaced chemical synthesis for manufacturing the vitamin ... Switzerland). LB (Luria–Bertani) medium was from Becton Dickinson (Basel, Switzerland). Generation of mutant libraries For the generation of the ribA mutant library, the plasmid pQE60-ribANhis...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... Sixth Mes- sage understanding Conference (MUC-6), pages 45– 52, San Francisco, CA. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. X. Yang and J. Su. 2007. Coreference resolution us- ing semantic relatedness information ... antecedents. As the MP model treats each mention-pair as an indepen- dent instance, including all the antecedents would produce many less-confident positive instances, and thus adversely affect ... Chunker and Named-Entity (NE) Recog- nizer. Trained and tested on Penn WSJ TreeBank, the POS tagger could obtain an accuracy of 97% and the NP chunker could produce an F-measure above 94% (Zhou and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... For instance, proper names and pronouns (which the ERG analyses as scope- bearers, although they can be reduced to constants without scope) can be permuted with anything. In- definites and definites ... recursion semantics: An introduction. Journal of Language and Computation. To appear. M. Egg, A. Koller, and J. Niehren. 2001. The Constraint Language for Lambda Structures. Logic, Language, and Information, ... seman- tics as dominance constraints. In Proc. of the 41st ACL. S. Oepen, K. Toutanova, S. Shieber, C. Manning, D. Flickinger, and T. Brants. 2002. The LinGO Red- woods treebank: Motivation and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... frontier nodes and deletes all subtrees they dominate. Like Root, it also removes the φ links of the deleted nodes and erases any semantic form that corresponds to any of those nodes. For instance, if ... to analyze new utterances. A probability model is used to choose from the collection of different fragments of different sizes those that make up the most appropriate analysis of an utterance. DOP ... COLING-2000, Saarbrücken, Germany. R. Bod 2000b. "Combining Semantic and Syntactic Structure for Language Modeling", Proceed- ings ICSLP-2000, Beijing, China. R. Bod 2000c. " ;An Empirical Evaluation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... Chiang (2007), a weighted gram- mar of this form can be collected and scored by sim- ple extensions of standard methods for phrase-based translation and efficiently combined with a language model ... Avramidis and Koehn, 2009; Ramanathan et al., 2009; Yen- iterzi and Oflazer, 2010) proposed modeling target- side morphology in a phrase-based factored mod- els framework (Koehn and Hoang, 2007). ... symbols and any of its aspects which may affect the score of a translation hypothe- sis when it is combined with another rule. In the case of the language model these aspects include any of its...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk and M. Thelen (eds.) Translation and Meaning, Part 4, School of Translation and Interpreting, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Thomas Hofmann and Puzicha Jan. 1998. Statistical models ... 要出 b. /in order to /produce 海南 /Hainan 最好 的 香蕉 /best /DE /banana “In order to produce the best bananas in Hainan, ……” The verb’s object “香蕉/banana”, which is next to the verb in (2a), ... Adam Kilgarriff and Martha Palmer. 2000. Introduction to the sepcial issue on SENSEVAL. Computers and the Humanities, 34(1-2): 15-48. Martha Palmer, Hoa Trang Dang, and Christiane Fellbaum....

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... with change in person) (replacement) (expansion) (expansion) (expansion) (expansion) (expansion & repetition) In addition to appearing as answers fol- lowing questions, any of the ... Example Expansion Paths Since this is an extension to the ellipsis interpreter, combinations of repetition, replacement, and expansion can all be han- dled by the one mechanism. For instance, ... aspect, and mo- dality elements would simplify some of the transformations and expansion paths. ~aturally, semantics must play an important part in ellipsis processing. Consider the utterance...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... Hieu et al. (2004) [2] and Hieu and Tanimoto (2006) [4] proposed an excellent model named CMED (Coastal Model for Engineering Design) based on the Navier-Stokes equations and VOF method for ... on the influence of submerged breakwater height and width on the transmission of waves. 2. Model description In the CMED model (Hieu and Tanimoto, 2006) [4], the governing equations are ... distance between two adjacent lines. When LB / is greater than 0.6, the distance between two adjacent lines becomes smaller and the change of wave energy is slow down versus the change...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 15:20

... ratio. b Zeien and Brümmer [5]. c Han and Banin [22]. d Chang and Jackson [15]. as the difference between total C and the inorganic carbon content estimated from the carbonate content. The cation exchange ... its inclusion may be useful for soils with abundant organically-bound Al and/or imogolite and allophanic minerals such as in volcanic Andisols and some Podsols [12]. A carbonate extraction step ... Hamilton-Taylor, Anal. Chem. 57 (1985) 1944. [21] K. Saeki, S. Matsumoto, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 25 (1994) 2147. [22] F.X. Han, A. Banin, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 26 (1995) 553. [23] U. Schwertmann,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:48

... of Entity Summaries with an Entity-Aspect Model and Pattern Mining Peng Li 1 and Jing Jiang 2 and Yinglin Wang 1 1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2 School ... 224– 231. Ivan Titov and Ryan McDonald. 2008. Modeling online reviews with multi-grain topic models. In 648 of patterns generated by the different methods and order them randomly. We then ask a human ... clusters can achieve reasonably good performance. 5.3 Qualitative evaluation We also conducted qualitative comparison be- tween our entity-aspect model and standard LDA model as well as a K-means sentence...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:20

... Czech Republic. Ryan McDonald, Fernando Pereira, Kiril Ribarov, and Jan Hajic. 2005. Non-projective dependency pars- ing using spanning tree algorithms. In Proceedings of the conference on Human Language ... (for example, Langk- ilde and Knight (1998); Bangalore and Rambow (2000); Filippova and Strube (2008)). These start with a semantic representation for which a specific rendering, an ordering of ... representation of the spanning tree problem. We describe a standard spanning tree algorithm in Section 3. Section 4 de- fines a finer-grained argument model and presents a new dependency spanning tree search...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

... area” by V. Genre, K. Kohn and D. Momferatou, March 2009. 1023 “Bank loan announcements and borrower stock returns: does bank origin matter?” by S. Ongena and V. Roscovan, March 2009. 1024 “Funding ... January 2009. 996 “What drives euro area break-even inflation rates?” by M. Ciccarelli and J. A. García, January 2009. 997 “Financing obstacles and growth: an analysis for euro area non-financial ... corporations” by C. Coluzzi, A. Ferrando and C. Martinez-Carrascal, January 2009. 998 “Infinite-dimensional VARs and factor models” by A. Chudik and M. H. Pesaran, January 2009. 999 “Risk-adjusted...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 13:20

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 13:20

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 21:20