an improved redundancy elimination algorithm

... complete chart of a dominance graph. This means we can remove eliminable splits from a chart repeatedly, i.e. we can apply the following redundancy elimination algorithm: REDUNDANCY- ELIMINATION( Ch, R) 1 ... we can say that there is no overhead for redundancy elimination in practice. 6 Conclusion We presented an algorithm for redundancy elimina- tion on underspecified chart representations. This algorithm ... rela- tive scope of “the lee of” and “a small hillside.” In this paper, we present an algorithm for the redundancy elimination problem: Given an USR, compute an USR which has fewer readings,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

... made substantial contributions to conception and design, and to the analysis and interpretation of the data. TRM and GWC handled acquisition of data. All authors contributed to the manuscript ... comorbidity 10 - Clinically stable or improved and patient/physician satisfied, but DAS and DAS change did not meet gold standard effectiveness criteria 4 - Physician recognized inadequate response, ... addressing important intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript for publication. Acknowledgements We would like to thank Mike Connor and Sheryl Berryman at the Birmingham...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:45

Ngày tải lên: 26/05/2013, 21:28

Ngày tải lên: 01/01/2014, 18:42

... Biosynthesis of riboflavin Screening for an improved GTP cyclohydrolase II mutant Martin Lehmann 1 , Simone Degen 1 , Hans-Peter Hohmann 1 , Markus Wyss 1 , Adelbert Bacher 2 and Nicholas Schramek 2 1 DSM ... produced per year for use in human nutrition, animal husbandry and as a food colorant. In recent years, efficient fermentation processes have replaced chemical synthesis for manufacturing the vitamin ... Switzerland). LB (Luria–Bertani) medium was from Becton Dickinson (Basel, Switzerland). Generation of mutant libraries For the generation of the ribA mutant library, the plasmid pQE60-ribANhis...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... frontier nodes and deletes all subtrees they dominate. Like Root, it also removes the φ links of the deleted nodes and erases any semantic form that corresponds to any of those nodes. For instance, if ... random from among the fragments that can be composed with the current subanalysis. The chosen fragment is composed with the current subanalysis to produce a new one; the process stops when an ... Category- matching and Uniqueness; and the third definition groups all fragments which satisfy Category- matching, Uniqueness and Coherence. Bod & Kaplan point out that the Completeness condition cannot...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... pe,forms instanliation tit)ring parsing. Some details of the LR parsing algorithm are assumed from Aho and Ullman (1987) and Aho and Johnson (1974), and more formal definitions and notations ... AN EXTENDED LR PARSING ALGORITHM FOR GRAMMARS USING FEATURE-BASED SYNTACTIC CATEGORIES Tsuneko Nakazawa Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Linguistics ... Pollard, Carl and Ivan A. Sag 1987. Information-Based Syntax and Semantics VoI.1. CSLI Lecture Notes 13. Stanford: CSLI. Shieber, S. 1985. "Using Restriction to Extend Parsing Algorithms...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

... with change in person) (replacement) (expansion) (expansion) (expansion) (expansion) (expansion & repetition) In addition to appearing as answers fol- lowing questions, any of the ... Example Expansion Paths Since this is an extension to the ellipsis interpreter, combinations of repetition, replacement, and expansion can all be han- dled by the one mechanism. For instance, ... aspect, and mo- dality elements would simplify some of the transformations and expansion paths. ~aturally, semantics must play an important part in ellipsis processing. Consider the utterance...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... ratio. b Zeien and Brümmer [5]. c Han and Banin [22]. d Chang and Jackson [15]. as the difference between total C and the inorganic carbon content estimated from the carbonate content. The cation exchange ... its inclusion may be useful for soils with abundant organically-bound Al and/or imogolite and allophanic minerals such as in volcanic Andisols and some Podsols [12]. A carbonate extraction step ... Hamilton-Taylor, Anal. Chem. 57 (1985) 1944. [21] K. Saeki, S. Matsumoto, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 25 (1994) 2147. [22] F.X. Han, A. Banin, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 26 (1995) 553. [23] U. Schwertmann,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:48

... cannot handle left recursion and is generally less efficient. Nondeterministic LC parsing is the foundation of a very efficient parsing algorithm [7], related to Tomita's algorithm and ... and the right-hand side (rhs) a is an element from V*, where V denotes (NUT). P can also be seen as a relation on N × V*. We use symbols A, B, C, to range over N, symbols a, b, c, to range ... [3"/1 and a2 = [3'/2, for some '/1 and '/2, where [3 ¢ e. A recognition algorithm can be specified by means of a push-down automaton A = (T, Alph, Init, ~-, Fin), which manipulates...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 09:20

... values r(g) and f(g) are called the rank and fan-out of p, respectively, written r(p) and f(p). The rank and fan-out of G, written r(G) and f(G), respectively, are the max- imum rank and fan-out among ... loop invariant is that X is a 2-feasible set, and that the union of all po- sition sets in X has fan-out ≤ 2: reductions can never change the union of all sets in X , and The- orem 1 guarantees us ... has fan-out ≤ 2) and that it cannot equal E D 1 D 2 because this would mean that X = {D 1 , D 2 }, and by hypothesis X has more than two position sets. If we call this endpoint x, this means that...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:21

... Satoshi Sekine, and Ralph Grishman. 2001. Automatic Pattern Acquisition for Japanese In- formation Extraction. In Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference (HLT2001). Roman Yangarber, ... Stage 3: Ranking Pattern Candidates Given the dependency trees of parsed sentences in the relevant document set, all the possible subtrees can be candidates for extraction patterns. The rank- ing ... patterns, clas- sifies a document as retrieved if any of the patterns match any portion of the document, and as random otherwise. Thus, we can get the performance of text classification of the pattern...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... the string confidant, we do not really want to model this error as P(a | e), but rather P(ant | ent). And anticedent can more accurately be modeled by P(anti | ante), rather than P(i | e). By ... model gives significant performance improvements compared to previously proposed models. Introduction The noisy channel model (Shannon 1948) has been successfully applied to a wide range of problems, ... the original formulation in (Church and Gale 1991). Doing so resulted in a slight degradation in performance. The data we are using is much cleaner than that used in (Church and Gale 1991) which probably explains...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... misleading changes in the seasonal cycle. This risk was ameliorated by smoothing the set of 12 correction values using a Gaussian filter and adjusting to preserve the original mean and standard deviation. Which ... inhomogeneities, rather than annual series, since some inhomo- geneities may have opposite effects in different seasons and so be undetectable in the annual mean. (The GHCN method uses annual series for ... variables other than precipitation, the adjustment used the mean x and standard deviation σ of the earlier (0) and later (1) sections. The original values x in the later section were transformed as...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 13:20

... Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993. [Chen et al. 1991] Shu-Chuan Chen, Jing-Shin Chang, Jong-Nae Wang and Keh-Yih Su, 1991. "ArchTran: ... unit pair, can be formulated by following the general corpus-based statistics- oriented transfer model for machine translation in [Chang and Su 1993]. In [Chang and Su 1993], the transfer preference ... with only one language. The mechanism used to find the transfer units and transfer rules together with the transfer score used in the above frameworks can thus be used for treebank conversion...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 06:20

... to goals" methods such as branch−and−bound and A*. For descriptions of these and other search methods see Winston 1992, Glover 1989 and 1990, and Kirkpatrick, Gelatt, and Vecchi 1983. "Steepest−ascent" ... "particles" and "particle interactions" (Hanson and Crutchfield, 1992; Crutchfield and Hanson 1993). This method is part of their "computational mechanics" framework for understanding computation ... Crutchfield and Mitchell 1994, in Das, Mitchell, and Crutchfield 1994, and in Das, Crutchfield, Mitchell, and Hanson 1995. In the last two papers, we used particles and Chapter 2: Genetic Algorithms...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 14:06

Ngày tải lên: 12/06/2014, 16:14

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20