2nd ed bluhm pdf
Recursive macroeconomic theory, Thomas Sargent 2nd Ed - Intro pdf
... designed to familiarize the reader with the covariation of endogenous variables that are induced by both the transient (feedback) and anticipatory (feedforward) dynamics that are embedded in ... promised by the principal to the agent can summarize the history Making the promised valued a state variable allows a recursive solution in terms of a function mapping the inherited promised value ... http://www.stanford.edu/˜sargent> Notation We use the symbol to denote the conclusion of a proof The editors of this book requested that where possible, brackets and braces be used in place of multiple...
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Recursive macroeconomic theory, Thomas Sargent 2nd Ed - Chapter 7 pdf
... strategy be computed by backward induction This leads to an interrelated pair of Bellman equations In linear-quadratic dynamic games, these “stacked Bellman equations” become “stacked Riccati equations” ... has introduced two equilibrium concepts and illustrated how dynamic programming algorithms are embedded in each For the linear models we have used as illustrations, the dynamic programs become optimal ... a perceived law of motion for capital H to an actual law of motion M(H) The mapping is summarized in equation (7.2.10 ) The H component of a rational expectations equilibrium is a fixed point...
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Recursive macroeconomic theory, Thomas Sargent 2nd Ed - Chapter 9 pdf
... endowed in the aggregate with M > units of intrinsically worthless currency No one has promised to redeem the currency for goods The currency is not “backed” by any government promise to redeem ... Samuelson showed, there can exist a system of expectations that will make the currency be valued Currency will be valued today if people expect it to be valued tomorrow Samuelson thus envisioned a situation ... expected to give His gift is immediately handed over to an old person A system of expectations is called an equilibrium if for each i ≥ , each young agent chooses to conform We can immediately...
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Recursive macroeconomic theory, Thomas Sargent 2nd Ed - Chapter 17 pdf
... long-term lending among corresponding “banks”: notes issued by individual A and owned by B are “honored” or redeemed by individual C by being exchanged for goods 13 In a different setting, Kocherlakota ... consumption is constrained by ct + xt = r kt + wst , ˜ where r is the rental rate on capital and w is a competitive wage, to be deter˜ mined later The preceding two equations can be combined to become ˜ ... want to “redeem” their outstanding notes and possibly acquire notes issued by others Third, households go to the market and exchange goods for notes Fourth, notes are “cleared” or “netted out”...
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Recursive macroeconomic theory, Thomas Sargent 2nd Ed - Chapter 23 pdf
... borrower under the more restricted contract 23.4 Limited commitment and unobserved investment Atkeson designed an optimal recursive contract that copes with two impediments to risk sharing: (1) ... function, which in turn is affected only through the repayment schedule Once this state variable is taken into account, promised values not appear as independently manipulated state variables Atkeson’s ... Atkeson (1991) designed a model to explain how, in defiance of the pattern predicted by complete markets models, low output realizations in various countries in the mid-1980s prompted international...
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Insect Ecology - An Ecosystem Approach 2nd ed - Chapter 2 pdf
... centered on the equator The cooled, dried air flows away from the equatorial zone and warms as it descends in the “horse latitudes,” centered around 30 degrees N and S These latitudes are dominated ... group responded differentially to manipulated change in moisture availability in a desert ecosystem (i.e., some species increased in abundance, whereas other species decreased or showed no change) ... water excreted by xylemfeeding spittlebugs is used to create the frothy mass that hides the insect Excretion in some species, such as the blood-feeding Rhodnius (Heteroptera) is controlled by a diuretic...
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ARNOLD, K. (1999). Design of Gas-Handling Systems and Facilities (2nd ed.) Episode 1 Part 4 pdf
... frequently used when the required surface area is 1,000 ft2 or less PLATE-AND-FRAME EXCHANGERS Plate-and-frame exchangers are an arrangement of gasketed, pressed metal plates aligned on carrying ... exchanger is referred to as "forced draft.'1 When the tube bundle is on the suction of the fan it is referred to as an "induced draft" exchanger Figure 3-14 shows a typical air cooled exchanger, and ... unmixed (From Gas Processors Suppliers Association, Sngineering Data Book, 9th Edition.) 82 Design of GAS-HANDLING Systems and Facilities (lex'i continued from page 79} FIRED HEATER Direct-fired...
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ARNOLD, K. (1999). Design of Gas-Handling Systems and Facilities (2nd ed.) Episode 1 Part 9 pdf
... form an acid with the condensed water The capacity of a gas stream for holding water vapor is reduced as the stream is compressed or cooled Thus, water can be removed from the gas stream by compressing ... steel exposed to the amine be stress-relieved after the completion of welding on the particular piece A system fabricated from stress-relieved carbon steel for DEA solutions, as recommended, will ... called "reconcentrator" or "regenerator"1) where the water is removed or "stripped" from the glycol and is then pumped back to the contactor to complete the cycle Figure 8-4 shows a typical trayed...
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ARNOLD, K. (1999). Design of Gas-Handling Systems and Facilities (2nd ed.) Episode 1 Part 10 pdf
... been dehydrated If wet gas is used, it must be dehydrated after being used as cooling gas A, hot tower will not sufficiently dehydrate the gas The switching of the beds is controlled by a time ... three beds typically have one bed being regenerated, one fresh bed adsorbing, and one bed in the middle of the drying cycle Internal or external insulation for the adsorbers may be used The main ... some of the wet gas to bypass the desiccant bed Only a small amount of wet, bypassed gas is needed to cause freezeups in cryogenic plants Ledges installed every few feet along the vessel wall can...
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ARNOLD, K. (1999). Design of Gas-Handling Systems and Facilities (2nd ed.) Episode 2 Part 4 pdf
... created by gas compression and friction Some of the perceived advantages of water-cooled cylinders are reduced suction gas preheat, better cylinder lubrication, prolonged parts life, and reduced ... cylinder designs that reduce cost and improve efficiency, reduced initial system costs due to reductions in the cooling water system, improved valve accessibility, and reduced weight Many manufacturers, ... designed without cooling water jackts (non-cooled) can successfully operate in most natural gas compession applications Some of the perceived advantgaes of non-cooled cylinders are simplified cylinder...
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The MEMS Handbook Introduction & Fundamentals (2nd Ed) - M. Gad el Hak Part 7 pdf
... unshocked region if the gas were composed of hard elastic spheres and had the same viscosity, density, and temperature as the gas being considered The solution was marched in time until the observed ... axisymmetric augmented Burnett computations are compared with the DSMC results obtained by Vogenitz and Takara (1971) for the axisymmetric hemispherical nose The computed results are also compared with Zhong ... properties (calculated from the microscopic quantities) obey the desired continuum equations of fluid dynamics Thus LBM is based on the particle dynamics governed by a simplified model of the Boltzmann...
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The MEMS Handbook MEMS Applications (2nd Ed) - M. Gad el Hak Episode 2 Part 8 pdf
... may be bypassed altogether Any difference between the measured and desired flow states is used to drive surface mounted actuators in a manner that would force the flow toward the desired state In ... 15.5, covered a ϫ cm2 area and was wrapped around the curved leading edge of the delta wing Using the rms criterion discussed in the previous paragraph, the separation line was identified for different ... position around the edge is expressed in terms of the angle from the bottom side of the edge, as demonstrated by the inset in Figure 15.4 Because the rms is a time-integrated quantity, the detection...
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The MEMS Handbook MEMS Applications (2nd Ed) - M. Gad el Hak Episode 2 Part 9 pdf
... about 30% or so of the uncontrolled reattachment length The reduction in the reattachment length with forcing also can be depicted from the streamline plots obtained from PIV measurements (see Figure ... transduction approaches have been used with the smaller sensors, the overall signal-to-noise ratio cannot be maintained at desired levels Hence, there is a need to identify ultrasensitive transduction ... than encountered in those experiments Therefore, it is most likely that the use of MEMS actuators will be confined to controlled experiments in the laboratory (where they may be used, for example,...
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Engineering Materials Vol II (microstructures_ processing_ design) 2nd ed. - M. Ashby_ D. Jones (1999) WW Part 13 pdf
... transformations, is cooled (or heated) side-by-side with the test sample, and the difference ∆T between the cooling (or heating) curves is plotted Sometimes the difference in power needed to heat the ... strength and toughness of Dural differ enormously in these three conditions (slow-cooled, quenched, and quenched and aged); the last gives the highest yield and lowest toughness because the tiny particles ... non-metals Ceramics, too, can be mixed to form alloys Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), when mixed, form the alloy brass Magnesia (MgO) and alumina (Al2O3) when mixed in equal proportions form spinel...
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Steel Heat Treatment - Metallurgy and Technologies 2nd ed - G. Totten (CRC_ 2010) WW Part 3 pdf
... Temperature (K) 1000 900 800 Ba 700 Ma ORNL 600 10−1 100 101 102 103 104 Time (s) FIGURE 2.20 Calculated (a) time temperature transformation (TTT) diagram and (b) continuous cooling transformation (CCT) ... software for an Fe–0.37C–0.25Si– 1.45Mn steel (c) TTT and CCT transformation diagram is calculated using the tool found on the Internet at http:= =engm01.ms.ornl.gov ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis ... Pearlite Interaction 175 4.2.2 Effect on Martensite Transformation 177 4.2.3 Retained Austenite 179 4.2.4 Effect on Bainite Transformation 181 4.2.5 Transformation...
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Steel Heat Treatment - Metallurgy and Technologies 2nd ed - G. Totten (CRC_ 2010) WW Part 7 pdf
... 200 100 (b) 0.01 FIGURE 6.117 Comparison of measured (- - -) and calculated (—) cooling curves for the center of a 50-mm diameter bar quenched in (a) mineral oil at 208C, without agitation and ... 1300 Yield strength Rp, N/mm2 FIGURE 6.134 (a) Elongation; (b) reduction of area; and (c) impact toughness of hardened and tempered steels having about 0.4% C, as a function of structure constituents ... 230 103 220 104 105 106 Time, s FIGURE 6.118 CCT diagram of AISI 4140 steel with superimposed calculated cooling curves for surface (S), three-quarter radius (3/4R) and center (C) of a round bar...
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Steel Heat Treatment - Metallurgy and Technologies 2nd ed - G. Totten (CRC_ 2010) WW Part 10 pdf
... subcooled austenite described according to CCT diagrams of (a) a 1040 steel with about 0.15 wt% Cr (German grade Ck 45) and (b) a 5140 steel with about wt% Cr (German grade 41 Cr 4), and Continued ... 578 9.7.4 Intensive Quenching 583 9.8 Property Prediction Methods 589 9.8.1 Potential Limitations to Hardness Prediction 590 9.8.2 Grossmann H-Values 591 ... 594 9.8.4 Correlation between Hardness and Wetting Kinematics 596 9.8.5 Computer-Based Calculation of Hardness Profile 599 List of Symbols 601 References ...
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Steel Heat Treatment - Metallurgy and Technologies 2nd ed - G. Totten (CRC_ 2010) WW Part 11 pdf
... 10 Distortion of Heat-Treated Components Michiharu Narazaki and George E Totten CONTENTS 10.1 10.2 Introduction ... Processing 616 10.4.3.1 Volume Expansion during Case Diffusion 616 10.4.3.2 Distortion Caused by Metal Creep 616 10.4.4 Distortion during Quenching Process 617 10.4.4.1 Effect ... MPa 400 200 −200 −400 −600 Still water 0.3 m/s upward 0.7 m/s upward −800 −1000 10 Spray (submerged) lateral Spray (open) lateral 20 30 40 50 60 40 50 60 Distance from lower end, mm (a) 600 Residual...
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Steel Heat Treatment - Metallurgy and Technologies 2nd ed - G. Totten (CRC_ 2007) 8 pdf
... Properties of Carburized and Nitrided or Nitrocarburized Components 463 References 469 7.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION Heat treatment of components is to date mostly accomplished in gaseous ... Structural Data 448 7.5.2.2 Microstructures of Nitrided Iron 450 7.5.2.3 Microstructures of Nitrided and Nitrocarburized Steels 452 7.5.2.4 Microstructural Specialties ... atmospheres, the more so if plasma and vacuum are regarded as special cases of gaseous atmospheres In comparison, heat treatment in solid or liquid media is negligible in numbers Heat treatment in gaseous...
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Steel Heat Treatment - Metallurgy and Technologies 2nd ed - G. Totten (CRC_ 2007) Episode 11 pdf
... 10 Distortion of Heat-Treated Components Michiharu Narazaki and George E Totten CONTENTS 10.1 10.2 Introduction ... Processing 616 10.4.3.1 Volume Expansion during Case Diffusion 616 10.4.3.2 Distortion Caused by Metal Creep 616 10.4.4 Distortion during Quenching Process 617 10.4.4.1 Effect ... MPa 400 200 −200 −400 −600 Still water 0.3 m/s upward 0.7 m/s upward −800 −1000 10 Spray (submerged) lateral Spray (open) lateral 20 30 40 50 60 40 50 60 Distance from lower end, mm (a) 600 Residual...
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