Chuyên đề: Câu giao tiếp Tiết + 10 Ngày soạn: 04/10/2020 Ngày dạy: 07/10/2020 Inversion (Câu đảo ngữ) Đảo ngữ đề cập tới tượng động từ không theo qui tắc câu Trong trường hợp này, dạng thức nghi vấn (có cấu trúc: trợ động từ + chủ ngữ + động từ chính) nằm cấu trúc câu khẳng định Dưới vài ví dụ câu đảo ngữ: · Not only I enjoy classical music, but I also enjoy Pop music (Tôi không thích nhạc cổ điển mà tơi cịn thích nhạc Pop) · Seldom has the boss been so upset! (Hiếm thủ trưởng thất vọng vậy!) Câu đảo ngữ có chứa trạng từ phủ định: Nhìn chung, câu đảo ngữ thường dùng để nhấn mạnh tính đặc biệt kiện thường mở đầu phủ định từ Nhóm từ: never (không bao giờ), rarely (hiếm khi), seldom (hiếm khi) Câu đảo ngữ chứa trạng ngữ thường dùng với động từ dạng hoàn thành hay động từ khuyết thiếu có chứa so sánh · Never have I been more insulted! (Chưa bị lăng mạ thế) · Seldom has he seen anything stranger (Hiếm anh nhìn thấy kì lạ thế) Nhóm từ: hardly (hầu khơng), barely (chỉ vừa đủ, vừa vặn), no sooner (vừa mới), or scarcely (chỉ mới, vừa vặn) Câu đảo ngữ chứa trạng ngữ thường dùng để diễn đạt chuỗi kiện xảy khứ · Scarcely had I got out of bed when the doorbell rang (Hiếm chuông cửa reo mà thức dậy) · No sooner had he finished dinner than she walked in the door (Khi anh vừa ăn tối xong chị ta bước vào cửa) Nhóm từ kết hợp sau “Only” như: only after, only when, only then… Only thường từ thời gian Only after/only when/only then/only if + trợ động từ + S + V… Only by + noun/V-ing + trợ động từ/ động từ khuyết thiếu + S + V….: cách làm · Only then did I understand the problem (Chỉ sau lúc tơi hiểu vấn đề) · Only by studying hard can you pass this exam Chú ý: câu có hai mệnh đề, dùng đảo ngữ mệnh đề thứ hai: · Only when you grow up, can you understand it · Only if you tell me the truth, can I forgive you · Only after the film started did I realise that I'd seen it before Nhóm từ: So, Such Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “So” mang cấu trúc sau: So + tính từ + to be + Danh từ … · So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep (Tình kì lạ khiến ngủ được) · So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare (Bài kiểm tra khó tới mức mà sinh viên cần tháng chuẩn bị) Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc sau: “Such + to be + Danh từ +…” · Such was her grief that she almost fainted Dạng câu điều kiện có chứa đảo ngữ: Câu điều kiện có chứa đảo ngữ mang sắc thái trang trọng Trong trường hợp này, đảo ngữ thay cho mệnh đề chứa “if” a, Câu đk loại 1: If clause = should+S+V Should she come late she wil miss the train should he lend me some money I will buy that house Should he decide to come, please phone me immediately (Nếu định đến, gọi điện cho tôi) Prepared and edited by Nguyen Thanh Tuan – 0982.748.196 Page Chuyên đề: Câu giao tiếp b, Câu đk loại 2:If clause= Were S +to V/ Were+S + Vo If I were you I would work harder =Were I you If I knew her I would invite her to the party= Were I to know her Were I a bird, I would be a pigeon c, Câu đk loại : If clause = Had+S+PII If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I wouldn’t have passed exam = Had my parents not encouraged me Had he understood the problem, he wouldn't have committed those mistakes (Nếu hiểu vấn đề, không phạm phải sai lầm đó) Not only….but also… :khơng những…….mà cịn… Not only + trợ động từ + S +V + but also + S + V… Not only does he study well, but also he sings well Một số cấu trúc khác • In/ Under no circumstances: Dù hồn cảnh khơng Under no circumstances should you lend him the money • On no account: Dù lý khơng On no accout must this switch be touched • Only in this way: Chỉ cách Only in this way could the problem be solved • In no way: Khơng In no way could I agree with you • By no means: Hồn tồn khơng By no means does he intend to criticize your idea • Negative , nor + auxiliary + S + V He had no money, nor did he know anybody from whom he could borrow • Khi mệnh đề mở đầu thành ngữ nơi chốn trật tự động từ đảo lên trước chủ ngữ tuyệt đối không sử dụng trợ động từ trường hợp Cách viết hay sử dụng báo chí văn học Clause of place/ order + main verb + S (no auxiliary) In front of the museum is a statue Through the village flows a river First came the ambulance, then came the police ( Thoạt đầu xe cứu thương chạy đến, tiếp sau cảnh sát.) • Khi ngữ giới từ làm phó từ địa điểm phương hướng đứng đầu câu, nội động từ đặt lên trước chủ ngữ tuyệt đối không sử dụng trợ động từ loại câu Nó phổ biến văn mô tả muốn diễn đạt chủ ngữ không xác định: Under the tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen Directly in front of them stood a great castle On the grass sat an enormous frog Along the road came a strange procession • Tân ngữ mang tính nhấn mạnh đảo lên đầu câu: Not a single word did he say Samples Rarely she made mistake since she was a manager A have B has C is D are _ the truth, she wouldn’t have given Mark the money A She had known B She has know C Had she known D Has she known So beautiful _ that the Queen is envious with her A Snow White is B Snow White are C is Snow White D are Snow White Never _ in such a strange situation A has I been B have I been C am I been D I have been Seldom _ dinner together A Mark and Juliet have B does Mark and Juliet have C is Mark and Juliet have D are Mark and Juliet have Hardly _ his wife presents on her birthday A did James given B does James gave C had James given D James give Scarcely _, the rain became much more heavier A have I come in B had I come in C I have come in D I came in Only then the letter from my son Prepared and edited by Nguyen Thanh Tuan – 0982.748.196 Page Chuyên đề: Câu giao tiếp A I receive B did I receive C have I received D has I received No sooner than Mary came over A have John gone out B had John gone out C has John gone out D John has gone out 10 So frightening _ the film that I couldn’t sleep yesterday A is B are C was D have EXERCISE Choose the most suitable words underlined Jim promised that he would never/ never would he tell anyone else Not until it was too late I remembered / did I remember I call Susan Hardly had we settled down in our seats than/when the lights went out Only after checking three times I was/was I certain of the answer At no time I was aware/was I aware of anything out of usual Only Mary and Sally passed/ did they pass the final examination So the waves were high/ So high were the waves that swimming was dangerous Only when Peter has arrived / has Peter arrived can we begin the program No sooner had it stopped raining than/when the sun came out 10 If should you leave early/ should you leave early could you leave me a lift? EXERCISE Rewrite these sentences, using NEVER She has never been so happy before.Never before has she been so happy …………………………………………………………………………………… I have never heard such nonsense!Never have I heard such nonsense! …………………………………………………………………………………… I have never seen such a mess in my life.Never in my life have I seen such a mess …………………………………………………………………………………… Our profits this year are higher than they have ever been.Never have our profits been higher than/ as high as they are this year …………………………………………………………………………………… She would never again trust her own judgment when buying antiques.Never again would she trust her own judgment …………………………………………………………………………………… The firm has never before laid on such a sumptuous ['sʌmpt∫uəs: o celebration Never before has the firm …………………………………………………………………………………… I’ve never come across such a horrifying film …………………………………………………………………………………… I have never been so moved by a Shakespeare production …………………………………………………………………………………… I never for one moment thought the consequences would be so far- reaching.Never for one moment did I think …………………………………………………………………………………… 10 I had never tasted such a wonderful combination of flavors before Never before had I tasted …………………………………………………………………………………… EXERCISE Rewrite these sentences, using RARELY, SELDOM or LITTLE One rarely finds good services these days => rarely does one find good …………………………………………………………………………………… She has rarely traveled more than fifty miles from her village =>rarely has she travelled more …………………………………………………………………………………… Public borrowing has seldom been so high.=>seldom has public borrowing been so high …………………………………………………………………………………… They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony.=>seldom had they participated in …………………………………………………………………………………… They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway (dễ dàng) success.=>little did they suspect …………………………………………………………………………………… The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent.=> little did the embassy staff realize …………………………………………………………………………………… She didn’t realize what would happen to her next.=>little did she realize what …………………………………………………………………………………… EXERCISE Rewrite these sentences, using IN, AT , UNDER, or ON Keith certainly can’t be held responsible for the accident. In no way can Keith be held In no way …………………………………………………………………………………… The children themselves are not in any way to blame for the disaster. In no way are the children themselves to In no way ………………………………………………………………………………… The existence of extraterrestrial [ ekstrətə'restriəl: n o i tr i t is not confirmed by the report Prepared and edited by Nguyen Thanh Tuan – 0982.748.196 Page Chuyên đề: Câu giao tiếp In no way ……………………………………………………………………………………… I was never shown how to operate the machinery. At no time was I shown At no time …………………………………………………………………………………… He never suspected that she was a witch. At no time did he suspect At no time …………………………………………………………………………………… There has never been a time when the English language was not in a state of change At no time has the EL not been in a At no time ………………………………………………………………………………… Miss Weaver will not be offered the job under any circumstances. Under no circumstances will Under no circumstances …………………………………………………………………………………… You should not send money to us by post under any circumstances. Under no circumstances should you send Under no circumstances …………………………………………………………………………………… 9.We can’t exchange tickets in any circumstances. Under no circumstances can we exchange Under no circumstances …………………………………………………………………………………… 10 I won’t go out that way to visit him again on my account! On no account will I go all that way On no account …………………………………………………………………………………… EXERCISE Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT He is my friend as well as yours. Not only is he my friend, but he’s yours, too Not only …………………………………………………………………………………… He booked tickets for the afternoon performance and the evening performance as well did he but he also booked as well Not only …………………………………………………………………………………… Burglars stole a thousand pounds’ worth of electrical goods, and left the flat in an awful mess , they also left the Not only …………………………………………………………………………………… Tony was not only late, but he had left all his books behind , but he had left Not only …………………………………………………………………………………… You will enhance your posture and improve your acting ability on this course but you will (also) improve Not only …………………………………………………………………………………… It isn’t worth considering his suggestion for a moment. Not for one moment is it worth considering Not …………………………………………………………………………………… She didn’t shed a tear when the story ended in tragedy. Not a tear did she shed when Not …………………………………………………………………………………… The manager not once offered us an apology. Not once did the manager offer Not …………………………………………………………………………………… She made no sound as she crept upstairs. Not a sound did she make as Not …………………………………………………………………………………… 10.He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired. Not until he retired did he think Not ………………………………………………………………………………… EXERCISE Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with ONLY I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home Only when I got home did I Only when …………………………………………………………………………………… It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat. Only last week did the admit defeat Only …………………………………………………………………………………… I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage. Only after seeing Hamlet on the stage did I understand it Only after …………………………………………………………………………………… They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating. Only after they had finished eating did they get Only after …………………………………………………………………………………… They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left. Only after they waited for twelve hours did their flight leave Only after …………………………………………………………………………………… I didn’t realize who he was until later. Only after did I realize who she was Only after …………………………………………………………………………………… The door could not be opened without using force. Only by (using) force could the door be opened Only by …………………………………………………………………………………… I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized Only when Tom’s apologized will I agree Only when …………………………………………………………………………………… To get the 40% discount, you must buy all twelve books at the same time. Only when can/will you get Only when …………………………………………………………………………………… 10.The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day. Only by can/will/could you become a Only by …………………………………………………………………………………… Prepared and edited by Nguyen Thanh Tuan – 0982.748.196 Page Chuyên đề: Câu giao tiếp EXERCISE Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD If you wish to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is available between 9.00 and 11.00 …………………………………………………………………………………… If you have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.Should you have …………………………………………………………………………………… If you decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April.Should you decide to accept …………………………………………………………………………………… If we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately.Should we hear any further ………………………………………………………………………………… If you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form Should you wish to take advantage …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… If you change your mind, there will always be a job for you here.Should you change your mind, there will …………………………………………………………………………………… EXERCISE Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with WERE OR HAD If the chemicals leaked, a large area of the sea would be contaminated.Were the chemical to leak, …………………………………………………………………………………… If Germany were to beat Romania, they would face Italy in the final.Were Germany to beat …………………………………………………………………………………… If Mr Morgan were still head master, he would not permit such bad behavior.Were Mr Morgan still headmaster, he would …………………………………………………………………………………… If you had given it on time, you would have got a high mark.Had you given it in on time, …………………………………………………………………………………… If she had become a lawyer, as her parents wished, she would have earned a large salary.Had she become a lawyer, …………………………………………………………………………………… If anything had gone wrong with my plan, I would have held responsibility.Had anything gone wrong, …………………………………………………………………………………… If it hadn’t been for Henry, I might not have met you.Had it not been for Henry, …………………………………………………………………………………… If they had confirmed by phone, the airline could have warned them …………………………………………………………………………………… The coast guards could have saved the vessels if they had been notified.Had the coast guards been notified they …………………………………………………………………………………… 10 If his solicitor [sə'lisitə: lu t s hadn’t advised him, he would have made a serious mistake …………………………………………………………………………………… EXERCISE Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it He spent all his money He even borrowed some from me.Not only did he spend all his money but he also borrowed Not only _ He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.No sooner had I left the office than No sooner _ I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.Hardly had I put the phone down when Hardly _ He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.Not until the bell rang did he finish Not until We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.Only after several months did we begin Only _ I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you.Never in my life have I seen anyone Never A sleeping dog was lying under the table.Under the table was lying a Under the table _ His brother had rarely been more excited.Rarely had his brother been more excited Rarely _ The facts were not all made public until later.Only later were all the facts made Only 10 If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.Had I realized what would happen, Prepared and edited by Nguyen Thanh Tuan – 0982.748.196 Page Chuyên đề: Câu giao tiếp Had _ 11 The response to our appeal was so great that we have to take on more staff.Such was the response to our appeal that Such 12 Harry broke his leg, and also injured his shoulder.Not only did Harry break his leg but he also injured Not only 13 The police didn’t at all suspect that the judge was the murderer.Little did the police suspect that the judgment was Little _ 14 If you happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me?Should you see Helen, could you Should 15 The bus driver can not be blamed for the accident in any way.In no way can the bus be blamed for In _ 16 The snowfall was so heavy that all the trains had to be cancelled.So heavy was the snowfall that So _ 17 If the government raised interest rates, they would lose the election.Were the government to Were 18 As soon as I got into the bath, someone knocked at the door.No sooner had I got into the bath than someone No sooner _ 19 There was so much uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed.Such was the uncertainty that Such 20 It’s not common for there to be so much rain in March.Seldom is there so much rain in March Seldom 21 You won’t allowed in until your identify has been checked.Only when your identity has been checked will you be Only 22 Just after the play started there was a power failure.Hardly had the play started when Hardly 23 The Prime Minister has hardly ever made a speech as inept as this.Rarely has the Prime Minister made so inept a speech Rarely _ 24 We had only just arrived home when the police called.Scarcely had we arrived home when Scarcely _ 25 Press photographers are banned from taking photographs backstage.On no account are press photographers allowed to take On no _ 26 The way so much money has been spent to so little purpose must be a record.Never before has so much money been Never before _ 27 The judge was taken ill just after the trial proceedings began.Barely had the trial proceedings begun Barely EXERCISE 10 Rewrite each sentences so that it contains the word or words in capitals, and so that the meaning stay the same a Were Smith to resign, I might stand a chance of getting his job IFIf Smith resigned , …………………………………………………………………………… b Such was the demand for the tickets that people queued day GREAT The demand for tickets was so great that and night ……………………………………………………………………………… c The money is not to be paid under no circumstances NOUnder no circumstances is the money ……………………………………………………………………………… d Three days passed before we arrived at the first oasis NOT UNTILNot until three days had passed did we ……………………………………………………………………………… e Hardly had the ship left port when a violent storm developed SOON AFTERSoon after the ship left port , a violent storm developed ……………………………………………………………………………… f They would have discovered land sooner had they carried a compass IFIf they had carried a compass ……………………………………………………………………………… g Little did Brenda know what she was letting herself in for IDEABrenda had no idea what she was ……………………………………………………………………………… h It was only when I stopped that I realized something was wrong DID IOnly when I stopped did I realize ……………………………………………………………………………… i The accused never expressed regret for what he had done AT NO TIME At no time did the accused ……………………………………………………………………………… Prepared and edited by Nguyen Thanh Tuan – 0982.748.196 Page Chuyên đề: Câu giao tiếp j So exhausted were the runners that none of them finished the race TOO.The runners were too exhausted to ……………………………………………………………………………… EXERCISE 11 Rewrite these sentences with the adverbial phrase of direction or place at the front of clause The two men were talking in front of the station.In front of the station, the two men were talking …………………………………………………………………………………… A line of police officers was behind the protesters.Behind the protesters was a …………………………………………………………………………………… A small stream ran at the end of the street There was an overgrown garden across the stream At the end of the street ran a small stream Across the stream was an overgrown garden …………………………………………………………………………………… A while pillar was in front of them and a small, marble statue stood on top of it In front of them was a white pillar, and on top of it stood a small, marble statue …………………………………………………………………………………… EXERCISE 12 Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it Her grief was so great that she almost fainted So great was her grief that she almost fainted You can leave only when I tell you Until I tell you, you must not leave (you must stay) He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk No sooner had he returned from his walk than he got down to writing the letter If you want to save your eyesight, we must operate immediately Only by operating immediately can we save your eyesight I only realised what I had missed when they told me about it later Only when they told me about it later did I realise what I had missed You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs Jones Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs Jones The outcome of the election was never in doubt At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt Tear gas was released as soon as the thieves touched the safe No sooner had the thieves touched the safe than tear gas was released I only recognized him when he came into light Not until he came into light did I recognize him 10 The workers only called off the strike after a new pay offer Only after a new pay offer did the workers call off the strike Bài tập trích từ để thi thử ĐH Messi and Neymar were badly injured in the last match, so _ can play in this match A either of them B none of them C both of them D neither of them satisfy with the product, you can contact with the head office, please A Provided that not youB Shouldn’t you C Provided that you notD Should you not 3. an emergency arise, call 911 A Should B Can C Does D Will Directly in front of them _ A did stand a great castle B was a great castle stood C did a great castle stand D stood a great castle What you have been saying is beside the point A You was dishonest to have been saying that B What you have been saying is quite irrelevant C You have talked too much D What you have been saying is beyond my expectation down to dinner when the telephone rang again A No sooner did I sit B No sooner had I sat C Not only had I sat D Hardly had I sat , he doesn’t study well A As intelligent he is B Intelligent as he is C Intelligent as is he D As he is intelligent Paul realized that he was on the wrong fight A Only after the plane had taken off B It was not until the plane had taken off that C Not until the plane had taken off did D No sooner had the plane taken off than Sam speaks Chinese well His Japanese is good, too A Not only Chinese but also Japanese Sam is good at Prepared and edited by Nguyen Thanh Tuan – 0982.748.196 Page Chuyên đề: Câu giao tiếp B Not only does Sam speak Chinese but also Japanese well C Sam is good at either Chinese or Japanese D Sam not only speaks Chinese well but also good at Japanese 10 Only later how much damage had been caused A that did I realize B that I realized C had I realized D did I realize 11 migrate long distance is well documented A That it is birds B Birds that C It is birds that D That birds 12 Immediately after her appearance, every thing changed A As soon as everything changed, she appeared B On appearing, everything changed C Soon after she appeared did everything change D No sooner had she appeared did everything change 13.I would be very rich now working long ago A if I gave up B if I wouldn’t give up C if I didn’t give up D had I not given up 14.They didn’t discover that the picture had been stolen until they came back home A Until they came back home that they discovered that the picture had been stolen B It is not until they came back home, they discovered that the picture had been stolen C Not until they came back home had the picture been stolen D Only after they came back home did they discover that the picture had been stolen 15. _, he would have been able to pass the exam A Had he studied more B If he were studying more C If he studied more D Studying more 16.Hardly he had entered the office when he realized that he hadforgotten his wallet A B C D 17 _ his assistance in those days, I would not be so successful now A If it had not for B Had it not been for C If there were not D Unless I had 18. my parents gave me the fish tank A It was on my birthday when B It was my birthday that C It was my birthday on that D It was on my birthday that 19.Neither of the boys came to school today, _? A didn’t they B did they C did he D did she 20 I am wrong, _? A aren't I B are I C are not I D am I 21. for breakfast is bread and eggs A That I only like B Which better I like C.What I like most D The food what I like 22 for the fact that he was working abroad, he would willingly have helped with the project A If it had been B Had it not been C Had it been D Hadn’t it been 24. _to the South in the winter is a popular fact A Where birds migrate B Bird migratings C When birds migrate D.That birds migrate 25 So little _ about mathematics that the lecture was completely beyond me A I have known B I knew C I know D did I know 26 Immediately after his arrival, things went wrong -> No sooner 27 He never suspected that she was a witch A Never has he suspect she was a witch B He used to think she was not a witch, C At no time did he suspect that she was a witch D What he thought was she was not a witch 28 The demand was so great that they had to print the book immediately A So great the demand was that they had to reprint the book immediately B So great was the demand so they had to reprint the book immediately C So great was the demand that they had to reprint the book immediately 29.We didn’t recognize him until he came into light ->Not until 30 Let’s begin our discussion now, ? A shall we B will we C don’t we D won’t we 31 _, we tried our best to complete it A Thanks to the difficult homework B Despite the homework was difficult C Difficult as the homework was D As though the homework was difficult 32 So extensive the lakes are that they are viewed as the largest bodies of fresh water in the world A B C D 33 he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came A Hardly had B No sooner had C No longer has D Not until had 34 _, the young mother appeared visibly very happy after the birth of her child Prepared and edited by Nguyen Thanh Tuan – 0982.748.196 Page Chuyên đề: Câu giao tiếp A Tired as she was B She was tired C As tired D Despite tired 35 It was Mr Harding _ the bill to yesterday A who sent my secretary B to whom my secretary sent C that my secretary sent D my secretary sent 36 _ down to dinner than the telephone rang A No sooner had I sat B Scarcely I sat C Hardly had I sat D No sooner I sat 37 _you, I’d think twice about that decision I could be a bad move A Were I B Should I be C If I am D If I had been 38 Not only _ to speak to him, but she also vowed never to see him again A she refused B did she refuse C she did refuse D when she refused 39 ten minutes earlier, you would have got a better seat A Had you arrived B If you arrived C Were you arrived D If you hadn’t arrived 40 Not until (A) I was on my way(B) to the airport that I realized (C) I had left my passport at home(D) 41 Never before _ such a wonderful child A I have seen B I had seen C have I seen D I saw Prepared and edited by Nguyen Thanh Tuan – 0982.748.196 Page