Vai trò của nhà nước trong việc ứng phó với biến đổi khí hậu ở việt nam hiện nay TT TIENG ANH

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES TRINH THI THUY THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN RESPONDING TO THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN VIETNAM TODAY Discipline: Dialectical Materialism & Historical Materialism Code: 9229002 ABSTRACT OF PHD THESIS IN PHILOSOPHY HANOI - 2021 The work was completed at: GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE Scientific instructors: Assoc.Prof Dr Nguyen Thi Lan Huong Assoc.Prof Dr Pham Thi Ngoc Tram Examiner : Prof Dr Ho Sy Quy Examiner : Assoc.Prof Dr Truong Ngoc Nam Examiner : Assoc.Prof Dr Nguyen Anh Tuan The thesis will be defended in front of the Academy-level Thesis Committee, meeting at the Academy of Social Sciences at The thesis can be found at: National Library Library of Academy of Social Sciences INTRODUCTION Urgency of the topic Vietnam is one of the five countries most severely affected by the impact of climate change Over the past two decades, the economy of Vietnam has made remarkable progress Vietnam has achieved many successes in poverty alleviation, socio-economic changes have been marked, and people's living standards have improved day by day However, we are also suffering from myriads of increasingly serious consequences of climate change in many aspects, namely economic, social, humanitarian, and environmental Acknowledging the importance of timely response to mitigate the impacts of climate change, our Party and State have adopted policies and solutions, such as: Convention on the protection of the world's cultural and natural heritage (1987); Ozone Layer Protection Convention (1985); United Nations Convention Against Desertification (1992); Stockholm Convention on Persistent Pollutants (2006); joined and ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol; Paris Agreement on Climate Change (2015), etc Even though the State has made specific decisions and actions to cope with climate change, in fact there are still many shortcomings leading to hindered efficacy and ineffectiveness of these measures The situation can be accounted for by several factors However, in terms of both theory and practice, one of the most important, across-the-board reasons has to with to the attitude of the State toward climate change and its execution of functional roles in combating the issue Therefore, to be comprehensively aware of the role of the State in responding to climate change, thereby working toward improving the effectiveness of that role in practice is becoming an urgent issue both theoretically and practically Bearing the particular ponder, the author has chosen The role of the State in responding to the impacts of climate change in Vietnam today as the subject of this PhD thesis, expressing the wish to clarify several theoretical factors as well as the practical aspects regarding the role of the government in tackling the issue of climate change in the current condition of Vietnam Thesis’s purpose and research tasks 2.1 Research purpose The thesis’s purpose is to clarify the role of the State in responding to the impacts of climate change in Vietnam today both on a theoretical basis and in practical execution, and from this foundation, to express several opinions and suggestions on how to best promote this role of the State in coping with climate change in Vietnam nowadays 2.2 Research tasks For the fulfilment of such purpose, the thesis set out to complete the following tasks: The first task is to clarify the theoretical basis for coping with climate change and the theory of the role of the government in coping in response to climate change today in Vietnam The second task is to analyze and evaluate the role of the state in response to climate change in Vietnam, pointing out the achievements and limitations; the root cause of such achievements & limitations and issues raised in the execution of the government’s role in coping with CC in Vietnam The third task is to propose several opinions and offer solutions to proliferate the role of the government in responding to current climate change situation in Vietnam Object and scope of the research Research object of the thesis: The research object of the thesis is the role of the State in coping with CC in Vietnam Scope of research: In terms of time: From when Since Vietnam developed and implemented the Decision approving the National Target Program to Respond to Climate Change (158/2008/QD-TTg) dated December 2, 2008 until now In terms of space: Responding to climate change in Vietnam Theoretical basis and methodology 4.1 Theoretical basis - The theoretical basis of the thesis is dialectical materialism and historical materialism - The thesis is carried out based on theoretical and methodological guidelines on the role of the state, the views on the human-society-nature relationship of Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's ideology and philosophy, as well as guidelines and views of the Communist Party of Vietnam supplemented by documents and resolutions directly related to the topic - The thesis inherits the scientific achievements of research works related to the topic done by domestic and foreign authors 4.2 Methodology - The thesis thoroughly observes the method of dialectical materialism in the implementation process - The thesis uses methods of analysis, comparison and synthesis in presenting problems and methods of systematization and generalization in analysis and evaluation - The thesis uses interdisciplinary methods of philosophy, environmental science, and some other related social sciences such as sociology, jurisprudence, state management in the research process Thesis’s scientific contributions - The thesis provides philosophical arguments for the theory of responding to climate change and theory of the role of the state in responding to climate change - From a philosophical perspective, the thesis assesses the role of the Vietnamese state in responding to climate change - Based on scientific arguments and empirical evidences, the thesis proposes a number of views and solutions to effectively promote the role of the state in responding to climate change in Vietnam today Theoretical and practical significance In theoretical realm, the thesis contributes to defining and explaining the role of the State in general, and the Vietnamese State in particular in responding to climate change in Vietnam today In practical terms, to a certain extent, after completion, the thesis can be used as a reference for scientific research and practical activities related to climate change response in Vietnam Thesis’s structure The content of the thesis is enveloped within in chapters, 10 articles, not considering the Introduction, Conclusion, Reference and Appendix Chapter LITERATURE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC REASEARCHS RELEVANT TO THE TOPIC OF THE THESIS 1.1 Research works on general theory of climate change and response to climate change 1.1.1 Works on climate change and climate change response of international sources Research papers on climate change and climate change response are examined by authors around the world with different approaches Within the framework of the thesis, the researcher makes an effort to systemize and evaluate some of the most fundamental works directly tackling on the topic The following projects can be mentioned: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2014 Climate Change 2014 Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2013 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Bassi, Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007 Climate Change; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2001 Climate Change, IPCC; Yves Sciama 2010 Biến đổi khí hậu - thời đại trái đất (Climate change - a new age on earth), (translator: Thúy Quỳnh), Trẻ Publishing House, Hanoi; S Rahmstory, Hans J Schellnhuber 2008 Khí hậu biến đổi - thảm kịch vơ tiền khống hậu lịch sử nhân loại (Climate change - a tragedy unprecedented in human history), Trẻ Publishing House, Hanoi, etc These research works help the researcher have an overall view of climate change and response to climate change 1.1.2 Works on climate change and response to climate change of domestic source Research on climate change has been carried out from the 1990s in Vietnam In 1992, the Vietnamese-published work "Climate change and their impact in Vietnam" presented specific reports on climate change Since then, with the impacts of climate change being made more and more visible, many research works on climate change have been published Regarding this topic, the researcher approached some basic works as follows From a theoretical perspective, there are works such as Global issues in the first two decades of the nineteenth century (2006), Nguyen Trong Chuan (editor), National Political Publishing House, Hanoi; Global climate change and the threat of neocolonialism (2009), Pham Van Cu, Tia Sang Magazine, No 18; Climate Change and Sea Level Rise Scenario for Vietnam, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Hanoi (2009); Climate Change and Sea Level Rise Scenario for Vietnam, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Hanoi (2012); Climate change and their impacts in Vietnam over the past 100 years - Nature and people, Nguyen Duc Ngu, Nguyen Trong Hieu, (1991) Truth Publishing House, Hanoi, etc Approaching the situation from a practical viewpoint, there are works such as Climate change and Vietnam's agriculture: Impact - Adaptation Mitigation and Policy (2014), Nguyen Van Viet (editor), Vietnam Natural Resources, Environment and Maps Publishing House, Hanoi; Measures to respond to climate change (2015), Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi; Vietnam's Special Report on Disaster and Extreme Phenomena Risk Management to Adapt to Climate Change, Tran Thuc (editor Vietnam Natural Resources, Environment and Maps Publishing House, Hanoi; Vietnam Craft Village Environment Report, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) (2008b), National Environment Report, MONRE 2010; National Target Program to Respond to Climate Change in Vietnam, etc There are also works proposing solutions to respond to climate change, such as: Climate change and Vietnam's agriculture: Impacts Adaptation - Mitigation and Policy (2014), Nguyen Van Viet (editor), Vietnam Natural Resources, Environment and Maps Publishing House, Hanoi; Scientific basis for the Mekong Delta to adapt to climate change and sea level rise (2012), Bui Lai (editor), Agriculture Publishing House; Proactively responding to climate change, promoting the protection of environmental resources - some theoretical and practical issues (2013), Tran Quoc Toan, Tran Thuc, Nguyen The Chinh, National Political Publishing House - Truth, Hanoi; Environment and sustainable development in the context of climate change (2015), Hoang Van Thang (editor), Natural Science and Technology Publishing House; Studying the effects of climate change on natural conditions and natural resources and proposing strategic solutions for prevention, mitigation and adaptation, serving sustainable socio-economic development in Vietnam, Nguyen Van Thang (2010), Project Summary Report KC.08.13/06-10, etc 1.2 Research works on the role of the state in responding to climate change and the role of the state in responding to climate change in Vietnam today 1.2.1 Works on the role of the State in response to climate change Regarding the role of the State in responding to climate change, there are a number of works discussing the role of the state on a fundamental level, the author refers to some of the following works: Climate change and the state: Research on the case of environmental realism” by Anatol Lieven (Vietnamese version, Institute of Social Science Information, TN202039,40,41) discusses climate change issues as a threat to world security, realism and climate change, the failure of liberal internationalism in responding to climate change The book The State in a Changing World World Development Situation Report 1997 - World Bank - Translator: Le Hong Phuc; Luu Doan Huynh; Minh Long (1998) - National Political Publishing House - Hanoi Approaching the impact of climate change from the perspective of social sciences and humanities, there are works reaffirming the importance to clarify the position and role of the State in the relationship between socio-economic-humanistic development versus exploitation of natural resource and environment protection juxtaposed in the process of social development, such as: State management of resources and environment for sustainable development from a social - humanistic perspective (2006), Pham Thi Ngoc Tram (editor); Social and humanistic foundations in state management of natural resources and environment, (2006), Le Thi Thanh Huong, Social Science Publishing House, Hanoi; Human factor in State management of environmental resources in the process of industrialization and modernization in Vietnam, (2008), Ha Huy Thanh and Le Cao Doan (editors), Social Science Publishing House , Hanoi; Regarding the role of the state in responding to climate change, there are a number of studies that delve into the role and responsibilities of the state in a number of specific areas, such as: From Engels' warning about natural disasters to the role of the state in protecting the ecological environment (2011), Do Thi Ngoc Lan, Journal of Political Theory (No 7); State management issues on environmental protection in the draft environmental protection law (amended), State Journal and Law (2005), Pham Huu Nghi Book: Environmental Management Manual (2009), Luu Duc Hai (editor), Education Publishing House, Hanoi Articles: State management of natural resources and environment in the context of climate change (2009), Tran Thanh Lam, Journal of State Management (159), National strategy (2001-2010) and action plan (2001-2005) on environmental protection, (draft), Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, World Publishing House, Hanoi 1.2.2 Works mentioning the role of the state in responding to climate change in Vietnam today Researching on the current circumstance of the state's role in responding to climate change, the following works prevails: Solutions to strengthen state management of environmental protection in order to develop Vietnam's trade in the context of international economic integration,(2008), Doan Thi Thanh Huong, Doctoral Thesis in Economics, Hanoi; Relations Secondly, on the basis of explanations about the relationship between people, society and nature, the authors have affirmed that the essence of climate change is the problem of exploitation and use of natural resources in the juxtaposition with protection of natural resources and environment Thirdly, from researching practical public administration of the government of Vietnam in coping with climate change, the scientists have proposed several solutions to further heighten the managerial role of the government in coping with climate change As it is observable, until now there is no research work directly examining the role of the government in coping with climate change, especially from a philosophical approach Meanwhile, climate change is one of the most challenging problems for the humanity in the 21st century, which is deeply rooted in the way humanity treats nature In fact, responding to climate change nowadays is considered a matter of utmost significance, directly affecting as well as determining the sustainable development goals of nation states Therefore, it is necessary to facilitate in depth research works on the role of the government in coping with climate change as a theoretical basis, which serve to orientiate practical executions of responses to climate change in our country With such significance, on the basis of inheriting the values of existing works and researches, the thesis will continue to focus on clarifying the following contents: Firstly, to study the theoretical basis of response to climate change: From a philosophical perspective, the thesis focuses on clarifying the philosophical basis of responding to climate change; studies the role of the State in general, thereby determines the contents of the role of the State in responding to climate change today Secondly, from the practical implementation of the role of the State in responding to climate change in Vietnam, the thesis examines and analyzes the actual situation of implementing this role on both sides: the points that have been accomplished and remaining issues and constraints, thereby pointing out the causes and generalizing the problems posed in the 11 process of implementing the role of the state in responding to climate change in Vietnam today Thirdly, on the basis of theoretical and practical research on the role of the state in responding to climate change in Vietnam as mentioned above, the thesis proposes a number of viewpoints and solutions to promote the effectiveness of coping with climate change and the role of the state in implementing the response to climate change in Vietnam Sub-conclusion of chapter On the basis of existing studies, the thesis generalizes, synthesizes, and refines to obtain scientific values for the implementation of the subject's contents As a country heavily affected by climate change, in response to climate change in recent years, Vietnam has made great efforts to adapt to the effects of climate change, but the response to climate change has not been implemented effectively enough The cause for this circumstance, in our opinion, originates from the State What is needed now is to further enhance the role of the state in responding to climate change However, so far, indepth studies, analysis and theoretical clarification of the role of the state in responding to climate change in Vietnam are still few and far between Therefore, it is necessary to have more in-depth theoretical studies on this issue as a basis for policy making and implementation of practical guidance on climate change response, which assist Vietnam tremendously in working towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in the coming period 12 Chapter THEORETICAL ISSUES ON RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN VIETNAM 2.1 Theoretical issues on response to climate change 2.1.1 Climate change and response to climate change 2.1.1.1 Climate change * Climate change Climate change can be understood as a change in the state of the climate system compared to the average baseline or a climate fluctuation that persists over a long period of time (possibly several decades or longer) Climate change is caused by natural changes and human activities These processes and activities change the composition of the atmosphere Climate change manifests itself in a number of phenomena such as: global warming; sea level rise; salinization; polar ice melting; floods, etc These phenomena have been hurting natural, economic, and social systems * Causes of climate change It can be asserted that climate change can be caused by objective factors (natural fluctuations) or subjective factors (human activities) In which, subjective factors are considered to be the main causes leading to the current climate change 2.1.1.2 Response to climate change Within the scope of this thesis, responding to climate change is understood as the synthesis of human activities in order to adapt to and minimize the negative impacts of climate change, to limit the actions leading to global warming and reduce the negative impacts of climate change, and to carry out socio-economic development activities in the direction of "green economy", "sustainable development" 2.1.2 Theoretical basis of responding to climate change from a philosophical perspective It can be affirmed that responding to climate change needs to come from a holistic and comprehensive awareness and perception of this phenomenon 13 To reach that level of consciousness, it is necessary to consider the theoretical basis of responding to climate change due to the following reasons: Firstly, from the point of view of Marxist-Leninist philosophy, nature - man - society is an inseparably unified whole, and the material unity of the world is the basis for the dialectical unity between nature, man and society The right perception and right action will create a balance of the whole "material" system, ensuring the sustainable development of both the system and the people themselves Secondly, Marxist-Leninist philosophy also shows that the movement and change of the relationship between man, society and nature depends on the development level of society in the natural history process Thirdly, affirming the material unity is the basis of the natural human - social relationship, but at the same time, Marxist-Leninist philosophy also clearly indicates the active role of the subject (human, social, etc.) society) in self-consciously and proactively influencing the trifecta man - society - nature That means that people can completely cope with climate change if people are aware of their activities Fourthly, sustainable development is currently the inevitable development path of the world In order to achieve the goals and contents of sustainable development (economic, social, and environment sustainability), it is necessary to handle with grace the issue of responding to climate change 2.2 Theoretical issues about the role of the State in responding to climate change today 2.2.1 The State and the role of the State *The State The State (or the Government) often exists in the name of a public authority, a social management apparatus born from a certain economic base * The role of the state Firstly, the State has the role of establishing legal institutions to set goals for economic, political and social development activities, creating a legal framework for the organization and operation of society 14 Secondly, the State has a role in formulating strategies, plans and orientations for socio-economic development of a country Thirdly, the State has a role in operating and managing the country Fourthly, the State has a role of checking, controlling, adjusting and evaluating the general development of society in terms of economy, politics, culture and society Fifthly, the State is responsible for foreign diplomacy and international relations 2.2.2 The role of the State in responding to climate change today 2.2.2.1 The inevitability of the State's role in responding to climate change Firstly, the centralization of the state's power allows it to respond to climate change in the most uniform and fastest way Secondly, the state's representativeness allows the state to receive social consensus in responding to climate change Thirdly, the State's organizational model also helps it to perform social functions and tasks effectively, including responding to climate change 2.2.2.2 Content of the role of the state in responding to climate change Firstly, the State determines the viewpoints, actively researches, formulates plans and develops strategies to respond to climate change Secondly, the State establishes institutions, policies, and laws to respond to climate change Thirdly, the State organizes, manages, empowers and guides entities to exploit and rationally use resources in the process of socio-economic development to respond to climate change Fourthly, the State inspects, monitors and evaluates the results according to the set targets to respond to climate change Fifthly, The State actively participates in international cooperation in responding to climate change 15 From here we can see that in fact, the role of the state in responding to climate change today is the proactive process of building and effectively implementing a strategy to respond to climate change through the system of sanctions of the Government The State aims to adapt and minimize the impacts of climate change, realize the country's sustainable development goals, and protect the global common home Sub-conclusion of chapter Responding to climate change is an positive and proactive action of subjects in society, in which the state is an important factor, because there cannot be an effective response to climate change without a strong State coordination The State is a public apparatus with sufficient sanctions to carry out the task of responding to climate change and protecting the livelihoods of its population In fact, the role of the state in responding to climate change today is the process of proactively building and effectively implementing strategies to respond to climate change through the system of state sanctions to minimize the effects of climate change, realizing the country's sustainable development goals 16 Chapter THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN VIETNAM- SITUATION, CAUSES AND ISSUES POSED 3.1 Climate change in Vietnam 3.1.1 Characteristics of climate change in Vietnam With a terrain characterized by long coastline, Vietnam is a country deeply influenced by marine factors such as saline intrusion, sea level rise, tropical storms, heavy rainfall, etc Climate change is directly affecting the lives, livelihoods, natural resources, social structure, technical infrastructure and economy of Vietnam 3.1.2 Adverse impacts of climate change in Vietnam Firstly, climate change leads to changes in natural resources, directly affects agricultural production, and threatens people's livelihoods Secondly, climate change has negative impacts on economic activities, especially in agriculture, industry, tourism services, etc Thirdly, climate change changes the quality of human resources Fourthly, climate change negatively affects human security and people's livelihood 3.2 The current status of the State's role in responding to climate change in Vietnam today 3.2.1 Achievements of the State's role in responding to climate change in Vietnam today Firstly, the Party and State always pay attention to leading, directing and taking the initiative in the development and implementation of national strategies, plans and programs on responding to climate change Secondly, the State actively and constantly improves institutions and laws to serve the response to climate change Thirdly, the State is proactive in organizing, managing, empowering and guiding entities to exploit and use resources rationally in the process of socio-economic development; performing the role of inspecting, monitoring and evaluating the implementation of strategies, programs and 17 plans on responding to climate change Fourthly, the State actively cooperates internationally in the process of implementing the current climate change response strategy 3.2.2 Limitations of the State's role in responding to climate change in Vietnam today Firstly, regarding the development of strategies, programs and plans to respond to climate change, although the Vietnamese government is well aware of the impacts of climate change on the country's sustainable development and has made considerable efforts in the response to climate change, our national strategies and programs are still mainly designed as orientational directives for the relevant ministries and agencies to devise a plan of action on their own These directives not minutely state the rights, obligations and responsibilities of organizations and individuals in the response to CC Secondly, the institutional apparatus, policies and laws have not been developed sufficiently to meet the actual requirements for effective response to climate change Thirdly, awareness about climate change, causes and impacts of climate change is still rather inadequate, and there is no consensus on risks posed as well as proper ways to respond Fourthly, the process of implementing and executing climate change response is not synchronized and has not achieved the results as required in the strategy's objectives Fifthly, international cooperation in response to climate change is subjected to many obstacles 3.3 Causes and severals problems arising from the current state of the role of the state in responding to climate change in Vietnam today 3.3.1 Causes of the current situation of the State's role in responding to climate change in Vietnam today * Causes of achievements in the response to climate change: Firstly, the Party and State have constantly paid attention to climate change issues, 18 responding to climate change; Secondly, awareness of the importance of responding to climate change in the political system, ministries and local agencies has been continuously improved; Thirdly, the system of legal documents on climate change has been promulgated more and more, and gradually improved to overcome previous limitations; Fourthly, the Government of Vietnam is constantly making efforts in international cooperation on climate change * Causes of limitations: Objectively speaking, the impacts and consequences of climate change is happening at a rapid pace on a unprecedented magnitude, so the implementation of the response to climate change encounters many difficulties and cannot keep up with the increasing damage caused; Supportive resources for climate change response such as capital, science – technology, etc, are still weak and lacking, not meeting the current needs to respond to climate change; Vietnam is located in a low-lying area, so it is even more easily affected by climate change; Climate change is a challenge of humanity as a whole, therefore, responding to climate change depends not only on the efforts of each country but also on the cooperation of the whole world Subjectively speaking, the actual response to climate change in Vietnam only stops at the surface level of orientation and principle-setting, which have not yet been translated into the determination to implement and actualize, manifesting in these following signs: Firstly, the awareness about climate change of the Party committees and authorities at all levels have not yet reach an uniform consensus; Secondly, the legal system and policies on responding to climate change is still underdeveloped, evidenced by the lack of specific, customizedregulations for climate change response; Thirdly, the organization of the State apparatus, delegation of tasks, decentralization of responsibility, arrangement of staff and human resources are still inadequate and haven’t met the requirements to effectively execute response plan; Fourthly, scientific research activities and investment of financial resources 19 for climate change response are still scant and scarce, leading to many difficulties in the direction and implementation of climate change response; Fifthly, international cooperation on climate change is not very robust 3.3.2 Some problems arising from the current state of the role of the state in responding to climate change in Vietnam today 3.3.1 The awareness of the stakeholders about the responsibility in responding to climate change in response to the requirement of rational use of resources in response to climate change is not sufficient 3.3.2 The legal system, mechanisms and policies to respond to climate change are still inadequate 3.3.3 The state organizational structure still has many shortcomings and the aptitude of professional staff in responding to climate change is still limited Sub-conclusion of chapter The process of responding to climate change is a difficult and complicated process Vietnam has approached the problem of climate change from very early on and recognized that climate change in our country is the responsibility and obligation of the entire political system However, the role of the state in responding to climate change in our country is still limited, exposed in many aspects to varying degrees This has both objective and subjective causes, of which subjective causes are predominant Survey, analysis and assessment of achievements, limitations and problems posed in implementing the role of the state in responding to climate change have contributed to providing a well-rounded practical basis, which serves to identify viewpoints and solutions to effectively promote the role of the state in responding to climate change in the next chapter 20 Chapter MAJOR VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTE THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN VIETNAM TODAY 4.1 Some key viewpoints to promote the role of the state in responding to climate change in Vietnam today 4.1.1 Responding to climate change must be identified as both an immediate goal and a long-term vision in the entire process of sustainable development Understanding this point of view will help the State become more proactive in using and securing resources, and developing solutions for the immediate tactics as well as long-term strategy to respond to climate change 4.1.2 Ensuring uniformity in strategy formulation, rational usage of resources and international cooperation in response to climate change Ensuring uniformity in developing strategies to respond to climate change, rational use of resources and international cooperation will guarantee consistency in methods of management, direction and implementation of response to CC 4.1.3 Emphasis of the entire population’s role and responsibility and international support in responding to climate change As a representative of society, performing the function of directing and executing responses to climate change, further enhancement of the State’s role in the battle against climate change requires the State to constantly promote the role of the entire population and command international support 4.2 A number of key solutions to promote the role of the State in responding to climate change in Vietnam today 4.2.1 Raising awareness about the responsibility of stakeholders in coping with climate change Firstly, it is necessary to further promote, propagate, educate, and raise awareness about the responsibility of society as a whole in proactively responding to climate change 21 Secondly, it is important to clarify the responsibility and the role of branches and levels of authorities in responding to climate change, specifically in the management and use of natural resources Thirdly, mitigation of the existing problem of indecisiveness in persecuting violations and wrongdoings in responding to climate change is one of the crucial measures to make a breakthrough in efficiency of climate change response Fourthly, besides implementing projects to respond to climate change, the State and relevant authorities need to implement practical activities and measures to promote and encourage the people to protect environment, to use energy saving devices, to protect and promote forest conserving and tree planting, etc Fithly, continuous presentation of response to climate change as a quintessential, widespread, and long-term habit in the daily is key to instilling the sense of responsibility into the people 4.2.2 Improving jurisdiction and policies for coping with climate change Firstly, it is necessary to construct a complete legal framework for climate change response activities Secondly, along with building and perfecting the legal framework to respond to climate change, the State must focus on the implementation and especially the feasibility of climate change response policies 4.2.3 Continued improvement of the State management apparatus in response to climate change and formation of scientists team specialized in predicting climate change Firstly, the State needs to continue to improve the entire directing and commanding governing bodies hierarchy responsible for prevention, control and mitigation of natural disaster and climate change response at all levels and sectors, from central to local levels Secondly, along with the improvement of the state management apparatus on climate change, it is necessary to continue to pay more attention to building a team of scientists who are good at forecasting climate change to meet new requirements 22 4.2.4 Exploiting and effectively using resources in coping with climate change Regarding natural resources, in the face of climate change impacts it is necessary for the state to pay attention to the implementation of measures such as: Increasing the area for planting mangrove and protective forest; adoption of policies on efficient and rational exploitation and use of natural resources to ensure sustainable development goals; increased construction of water reservoirs to ensure stable living and manufacturing in conditions of drought and water intrusion due to the influence of climate change, etc Regarding financial resources, this is one of the most important factors for successful implementation of climate change response Regarding science and technology resources, promoting the development of science and technology and applying science and technology to rationally exploit natural resources, is quintessential to improving the effectiveness of response to climate change Reagarding resources recieved from international aid, it is necessary to continue promoting international cooperation, taking advantage of the achievements of countries that have already been successful in responding to climate change Sub-conclusion of Chapter In order to overcome the limitations and further enhance the role of the State in responding to climate change in Vietnam, it is necessary to grasp a number of viewpoints and implement comprehensive solutions, including: raising awareness of the responsibilities of stakeholders in responding to climate change; perfecting the legal system and policies to respond to climate change; perfecting the state management apparatus, building a team of scientists to accurately forecast climate change; effectively exploit and use resources to respond to climate change The synchronous coordination of all levels and sectors of state agencies, as well as each of citizen with the right attitude and a consensus in action plays a fundamental role in responding to the impact of climate change, because only then can the solutions mentioned above be implemented in a harmonious, regular and effective manner 23 CONCLUSION Climate change remains one of the most momentous challenges for humanity in the wake of the 21st century, threatening to terminate the existence of humanity and state-nations, including Vietnam As an eversignificant element in the political system, and the main subject to directly mandate, organize, manage, and coordinate the socio-economic development progress of the country, the Government of Vietnam plays a major role in proactively coping with the impacts of climate change In the past few years, with directive and operational efforts, the process of implementing climate change response measures has initially reaped measurable results However, reality has also shown that the organizational, managerial, and operational role of the state of Vietnam in coping with climate change is exposed to a plethora of shortcomings, weaknesses, and inefficiency Judging from the actual achievement and shortcomings of the state of Vietnam in their response to climate change, in order to further enhance the role of the state in this area, it is essential to pinpoint the directional ideology in tackling the issue, plus efforts must be made in a holistic manner to implement basic measures such as: the continous perfection of the government administration system in response to climate change and formation of specialized think-tanks with improved ability to predict CC suitable to the new conditions; Effective use and exploitation of resources in implementing strategies to respond to climate change; Sped up development of science and technology and the application of science and technology to rationally exploit natural resources to improve the effectiveness of climate change response; Continued promotion of international cooperation, utilizing the achievements of successful countries in responding to climate change, especially in the field of socioeconomic development such as the implementation of "green growth strategy", "green economy establishment", etc., which both actively contribute to the response to climate change and practice social justice, contributing towards the goal of sustainable development - the new development strategy of human society 24 LIST OF PUBLISHED SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF THE AUTHOR RELEVANT TO THE THESIS TOPIC Trinh Thi Thuy 2015 “The role of the Vietnamese state in developing high-quality human resources in the current period", Journal of Theoretical Education, (231), pp.49 Trinh Thi Thuy 2017 “The role of the state in responding to climate change in Vietnam today", Philosophical Review Journal, (310), pp.77 Trinh Thi Thuy 2017 “Some solutions to reduce environmental pollution in rural areas in the context of climate change”, Journal of Education and Society, November 2017, pp.259 Trinh Thi Thuy 2018 The role of the State in implementing environmental justice in Vietnam today, Proceedings of the ministeriallevel scientific project “Implementing environmental justice in Vietnam today - Some theoretical and practical issues forward", Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Philosophy, pp.41 Trinh Thi Thuy 2019 “The Role of the State in Ensuring Environmental Equity in Vietnam”, Philosophical Review, (338), p.71 Trinh Thi Thuy Co- author 2020 Implementing environmental justice in Vietnam today: Some theoretical and practical issues, Monograph, Social Science Publishing House, Hanoi ... 2010 Biến đổi khí hậu - thời đại trái đất (Climate change - a new age on earth), (translator: Thúy Quỳnh), Trẻ Publishing House, Hanoi; S Rahmstory, Hans J Schellnhuber 2008 Khí hậu biến đổi -... Ngoc, Phuong Thanh Thuy, Vietnam Journal of Social Sciences, No 10, 2013 In April 2015, Ministry of Planning and Investment reported on Budget for climate change response in Vietnam, http://cfovn.mpi.gov.vn... CHANGE IN VIETNAM- SITUATION, CAUSES AND ISSUES POSED 3.1 Climate change in Vietnam 3.1.1 Characteristics of climate change in Vietnam With a terrain characterized by long coastline, Vietnam is a