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HQI BAa ve THIEN NHIEN vA MOl TRUONG VieT NAM VIETNAM ASSOCIATION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT MDI'.',lnrONG '- •r I !r T.~ r l , '-" ENVIRONMENT cAe eONG TRiNH NGHIEN CUu RESEARCH WORKS T~PV VOLUME V @ " -' ? " - • - NHA XUAT BAN KHOA HQC VA KY THU~T SCIENCE AND TECHNICS PUBLISHING HOUSE HA NQI-1998 HQi bdo vf thien nhien va moi tnrong Vift Nam TII~NTOI QUAN LY cAc DAM pl:iA VEN ao MIEN TRUNG VIl;:T NAM PGS PTS Nguyln Chu HOi, PTS PTS Nguyln r-s« Due na« co, PTS Nguyln Tht;mh NhQt Thi I MO DAU Trong khoang 3260 km duong bo bi~n, Viet Nam co 12 d~m pha bo di~n hmh ph an b6 a Mien Trung, tir vi dO 11° d~n 16°, tuong khoang 21% chieu dai duong bo bi~n ca nude (h.I) Cac d~m pha chiem mot dien tich chirng 447,8 km2, pha Tam Giang thuoc yen irng loai Ian nhat khu vue Dong Nam A Cac d~m pha yen ,ba Mien Trung thuoc mot nhirng he thcng tu nhien (coastal system) cua doi bo bi~n Vi~t Nam £)0 la nhirng vue mroc nong yen bo, da phan keo dai song song vdi duong bo, ngan each vdi bi~n bang nhirng roi cat chan va thong vdi bi~R qua mot hoac vai cira d~m pha (lagoonal inlets) V€ mat sinh thai, cac darn pha yen bo la nhirng he sinh thai nang suat cao sau li~ sinh thai san ho va rung ngap man Chung chira dung va cung ca:p nguon tai nguyen tai tao va khong tai tao quan trong, dac biet b6i canh vung bo Mien Trung ngheo tai nguyen thien nhien va hau khac nghiet Cac darn pha la d6i tuong khai thac true ti~p cua cac nganh kinh W khac nhu : nghe ca, nuoi hai san, nong nghiep, khai thac khoang san, du lich va giao thong - cang, Bdi vay, chung , co tarn quan dac biet d6i vdi sir phat tri~n kinh t~ - xa hOi cua cac dia phuong lien quan Nhung cac hoat dong' khai hoang ,la:n bi~n, khaithac tai nguyen qua mire, a nhiem va cac tai bien yen bi~n dang tra nhirng de doa d~n h~ sinh thai darn pha yen bo Mi€n Trung va tac dong xau d~n doi song cong dong' dia phuong 96 trtrirng - Cac crJng trinh nghien ctru - TQP Moi Bdi th~ quan cac dam pha If khon la mot cling la mot da dang sinh nhtrng d~ dat tdi su phat doi hoi khach Cac dam quan van de iru tien hoc quae gia duoc Chinh II MOl TRUONG lien quan kheo ben vtrng dai vdi sire eftp bach, ke hoach Day dong bao vi;! hanh (BAP, 1995) VA TAl NGUYEN DAM PHA pha yen bo nude Chung v~ cau true hinh an va dieu kien va het phu phe chuan ta duoc hinh tdi giai dean cuoi cua sir tien Mien Trung tri~n duoc dac trung thai, hoa cac dong Holoxen bang cat yen bign bdi mire dQ d6ng kin ve mat hinh bdi eftu true quan xa, nang suat muon, so eftp, chudi dang thirc dong lire, Cac dam pha yen bo Mien Trung ch~ dQ kill hau khac biet Viet Nam phan ba khu vue e6 : tU ~111/111uanhieu den kho han/It 111Uanlnr duoi day Khu LUong mUa 1600 - 3000 mm LUong boe hot < 1000 mm Cac dam pha t MU'a it MU'a nhieu Vl,J'C Tam Giang, Lang Co, Truonq Giang, An Khe, NUc)c M~n, Tra 6, NUde NgQt, Thi N9.i, 700 - 1000 mm > 1000 mm Loan, Thuy Trieu, Dam N9.i - , Cu Mong Mire dQ dong kin cua cac dam pha chi kha nang trao doi mrdcgiua dam pha va vung bieri Ian can Lien quan toi mire dQ dong kin e6 th~ chia cac dam pha ba nh6m : • ' Nua kill : Tam Giang, Truong Giang, TN Nai, Cu Mong, Thuy Trieu, Dam Nc;li • Can' kill : Lang Co, Nude Man, Nude Ngot, • Kill : An Khe, Tra - MT Loan 6.' 97 H(Ji btio vf thien nhien va moi tnrong \/\ Vift Nam '-',''-1 , ' l LA-O \ , \ I J I ~ " ,1 / ! S - LJ km I I f TAM GIANG - CAU HAl \ \ \ ) I C.~MPUClfIA An HOil ( \ ) ~./ / -./ -' 50 Ol