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сАмвRIDGЕ ' l_'L ] Niki J®sерh Second Не1еп ChiltOn Edition СаmЬгidgе Uпivегsitу РгеsS ~.саmЬгіdgе.огg/еlt СаmЬгidgеА88еssmепtЕпglish www.саmЬгidgеепglish.огg Iпfогmаtiопопthistidе:www.саmЬгidgе.огg/g78ііо8433зіо © СаmЬгidgе Uпіvег§itу РГеsS and UCLES 2015, 2Оіg This рuЬlісаtiоп is іп сорупght SuЬjес to Stаtutогу exception and to the ргоvlsiОпS of геlеvапt collective licensing аgгееmепts, по гергоduсtіоп of апу рагt may take р1асе wіthоut the wгittеп pemission of СаmЬгidgе UпivегSitу РгеsS FiгSt РuЫishеd 2015 Second Edition 2О ig 20 19 18 і7 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Ргiпtеd in DuЬаі Ьу Огіепtаl РгеsS А catalogue гесотd fог this рuЬliсаtiоп is аvаilаЬlе fгот the Вгitish LiЬтату ISBN 978-і-іо8-4333 і-о studепt's Book ISBN g78-і-іо8-з8o62-і Studепt'S Book and Оп1іпе WогkЬооk ISBN g78-і-іо8-38і і8-5 wогkЬооk wіth Audio Download ISBN g78-і-іо8-385g7-8 Теасhег.§ Book wіth DоwпlоаdаЬlе RеSоuгсе Pack (Сlаss Аudiо, Vidео, РhоtосорiаЬlе Wогkshееts) The рuЬli§hегs have по геSропsiЬiЩг fог the регSistепсе ог ассuгасу of URLS fог extemal ог thiгd-рагtу iпtегпеt wеЬ§itе§ геfеггеd to in this рuЬlісаtiоп, and dO по| guагапtее that апу соп|епt оп Such wеЬSitеs is, ог will геmаіп, ассuга.е ог арргоргiаtе Iпfогmаtiоп геgагdiпg ргiсеs, tгаvеl timе(аЬlеS, and оthег factual iпfогmаtiоп given in thіs wогk is соггесt at the time of агst ргiпtiпg Ьut mерuЬlishегSdопоtguагапtееthеассuгасуоf§uсhiпfогmаtiопdіегеаftег Gоiпgshоррiп8 ВеStfгiепdsfогеvег ОllLТШЕ Shopping in London З FunandgameS ЕхtгеmеWеаthег LIFE SКILLS со||аЬогаtiоп: Wогkiпg aS а team REvlEW Yоumаdеit! ТаkесагеоfуоuгSе|f OuLTURE Sрогts in Canada Soundcheck Аmаziпgагсhitесtuге LIFE sКILLS сгеаtivitу and iппоvаtiоп: Сгеаtivе wгitiпg REv'ЕW Тhеfutuгеisпоw 10 Апimа|Siпdапgег oULTuRE Animals aS паtiопа| SуmЬо|S 10 14 18 20 24 28 30 32 36 40 42 46 50 52 54 58 62 11 О#tоSсhооl 64 12 Gеttiпgагоuпd 68 LIFE SКlLLS Dесisiоп-mаkiпg: Еvаіuаtiпg optionS REvlEw з 13 #NоFiltег 14 Lеt'Sсооk! 0uLТuН[ Sосiа` media 15 City огсоuпtгу? 16 Lights, саmега, асtiоп! LIFE sКILLS Соmmuпiсаtiоп: Giving ргеSепtаtiопs REvlEw і7 Gettingthe meSSage 18 Wе|оvесеIеЬS! ®ULТUR[ Fan сultuге 19 Тhеwогldоfwогk 2О MakingplanS LIFE SК|LLs Еmоtiопа| Skills: МапаgiпgstгеSS REvlEw Б ргераге fог the exam Ехtга activities vосаЬuіагу `ist Gгаmmаг геfегепсе and ргасtiсе List of iггеgulаг vегЬs 72 74 76 80 84 86 90 94 96 98 102 G0I№ SнорршG ра8е 10 вЕSт FRIElIDS FOREVER Shоррiп8 апу, е.g апуопе, anything Shоррiпg: teen tгепds Регsопа|itу adjectiveS ргеfiхеS: uп-апd dt.s- Fгiепdshiр in the 21St centu гу DеtегmiпегS Reading Рагt -,'пg fогms ра8е 14 СuLtuге Shopping in LondOn з FlIн АмD ОАмЕS ра8е 20 ра8е 18 sрогts рhгаSеS мееt Ntando маhlапgu, SuffiхеS: -,'st, -ег' -о, рагаlуmрiап ргеSепt simр|е and continuous • Reading рагt З ЕХТR[МЕ wEATHER Ехtгеmе wеаthег Life skills СОl|аЬогаtiоп: wогkiпg as а team Reviewl units l-4 Reading Рагt рhгаsа| vегЬs ра8е 24 Аustга|iап Ьush fiгеS page 28 Reading Рагt and Reading Рагt раgеЗО FГОm hОЬЬУ tO j.ОЬ vегЬs fог making things тimе аdvегЬs • Reading Рагt тАкЕ OARE OF Health vегЬS sсгееп time at Ьеdtimе YoURSELF wогds with sоmе' оnу, еVегу and по YOU мАDЕ Iт! ра8е з2 ра8е 36 Сuttuге Sрогts in Canada мusiс ShaWn MendeS Amazi ng агсhitесtuге АRОнIтЕОтlIRЕ Stгопg adjectives and аdvегьs ра8е 46 Life skilLs СгеаtМtу and iппоvаtiоп: Сгеаtivе Whting page 54 ргеsепt регfесt and paSt SimpIe Uпusuа| homeS агоuпd the wОг'd соmрагаtivе and suрег|аtivе adjectives Reading Рагt page 50 Reading Рагt and Reading Рагt раgе52 9ТНЕFUТURЕ ls NOW Моdа|s: ОЬ|igаtiоп, necessity and advice (1) Wогd familieS АмАz"G Rеviеw2 Uпits5-8 Past simр|е and continuous ра8е 40 Т S0uНI) ОНЕОК ра8е 42 past simple used to TechnoIogy ::::.:hе'пt;:;%е" Е|есtгiс саг uSeS sосiа| media fог fuel Futuге fогms Futuге continuouS • Reading Рагt 10АN|МАLS IN DANGER page 58 Nаtuгеапdwildlifе РhгаSеS with ot Сultuге Апimа|S aS nationaI sуmЬО|S page 62 тhе Sumаtгап огапgutап Reading Рагt conditional sentenceS second conditiOnal А Shогt text а:.k аьоut а quiz Listening рагt з О TaIking аЬоut уоuгsеlf Speaking Рагt BeSt fгiепds fогеvег Shopping in London Ап online comment m iпtегviеW аЬоut Ьеiпg Lost оп а mountain • Listening Рагt таіkiпg аЬоut past ехрегiепсеS speaking Рагt А stогу (1) wгitiпg рагt о Seven shогt сопVегSаtiопS Listening Рагt Fun and gameS You made it! Discussing optionS (1) Speaking Рагt Sрогts in Canada Ап email (1) wгitiпg рагt six shогt сопvегSаtiопs DеSсгiЬiпg а рiсtuге (1) HStening Рагt Speaking Рагt Amazing агсhitесtuге Ап агtiсlе (1) Wгitiпg рагt А video са1| аЬоut а hоmеwогk ргоjесt Discussing а topic (1) Апimа|s in dапgег Speaking Рагt onIy in Аustгаіiа СОmРОuПd ПОuПS С|аSSгооms агоuпd the wогId 1|2 0ЕТТIНа АR0llНD тгаVе' ТгаVе||iпg without ра8е 68 рhгаSеS with on уоuг рагепts School 1|1 0FF ТО S0l|00L ра8е 64 PaSt регfесt МоdаIs: ОЬIigаtiОп, neceSsity and advice (2) let and make Life ski.ls Dесisiоп-mаkiпg: Еvа|uаtiпg options Review З Units 9-12 page 72 Reading Рагt and Reading Рагt ра8е 74 Dоп't аiгЬгush mе! 1з #II0FILтЕR Social media ра8е 76 рhгаSеS with ''п 14 LЕТ'S 000К vегЬS fог cooking SigпS, notices and ра8е 80 ТгапSitivе and iпtгапSitivе meSsages Reading рагt з Defining геіаtivе cIauSes NОп-dеfiпiпg ге|аtivе с|аusеs Reading Рагt vегьS сuіtuге Sосiаі media The paSsive моdаI paSsiveS ра8е 84 1Б OITY OR 00UМ"У? Агtifiсiаіапd паtuгаіwогіd page 86 Теепtа|k down uпdег Reading Рагt Рhгаsаl vегЬs 16 LIGIIтS, ОАмЕRА, АОТIОН! Агtidеs: о/оп, ihe and zего агtiсIе Film Meet Evan Нага: wгitег, Rерогtiпg vегЬS diгесtог,filmmаkег Rерогtеd speech ра8е 90 Life skiLls Соmmuпiсаtiоп: Giving ргеSепtаtiОпS Rеviеw4Uпits іЗ-і6 page 94 раgе96 • Reading Рагt and Reading Рагt 1|Т аЕТТ"G ТНЕ vегьS ofcommunication меSsаgе in а Ьоttlе MESSAGE АdvегЬS of dеgгее: fоt.гіу, SigпS, noticeS and page 98 РГеttу, qиitе, геаsОпаЬIу 18 wE LOVE I}ЕLЕВS! РегSопа| fее|iпgs page іо2 Rерогtеd questionS meSSages Reading Рагt сеIеЬгаtiпg the сагiпg hoVe Sоггtеtht.лg done сеlеьs! and quа|itiеS РгероsitiопS and conjunctions Reading Рагt СultuгеFап сultuге page 106 1|9 TlIE w0RLD OF WОгk ехрегiепсе Wогk taSks w0RК Diffегепt typeS of с|аusе Reading Рагt с}s and /t.kе ра8е 108 20 МАК"а PLAMS нореS and dгеаms page 112 VегЬS with two оЬjесts РhгаSа| vегЬS Life skills Еmоtiопа| Skills: Managing stгеSS Rеviеw5 Units 17-20 раgе118 Ргераге fогtГіе exam page 120 Ехtга activities page 1З5 V®саЬulагу list page 141 Gгаmmаг геfегепсе and ргасtiсе List оfiггеgulагvегЬs page 116 Reading Рагt and Reading Рагt page 147 page 167 кеу to sуmьоLs: В1 Ргеliтiпагу fог schOoIs ехат task А meaningful summег о Ап announcement оп а flight Listening рагt з seven Shогt сопvегSаtiопS Listening Рагt А stогу (2) wгitiп8 рагt off to Sсhоо' Ап onIine геviеw #NоFi'tег та|kiпg аЬоut tгаvе| speaking Раг[ Ыsсussiпg options (2) Speaking рагt з Sосiа| media detox Ап email (2) Wгitiп8 рагt Six shогt сопvегsаtiопs DеsсгiЬiпg а рiсtuге (2) Listening Рагt speaking Рагt Lights, саmега, асtiоп! Ап агtiсIе (2) Wгitiп8 рагt Ап iпtегviеw аЬоut fame Listening Рагt О Discussing а topic (2) We |оvе сеlеЬs! Speaking Рагt О Ап email (з) Wгitiп8 рагt А гаdiо ргоgгаmmе Getting the meSSage Discussing options (3) speaking Рагt and Speaking Рагt Со||есtОгS дщ FUтURЕ FORмS; FuTURE СОНТ"Il0Ils Ртеsепl сопliпuous fог pIans we use the ргеsепt сопtiпuоus, usualIy with the tjme mепtiопеd, fог definite futuге аггапgеmепts ргасIiсе соmріеtе the сопvегsаtiоп, Use the futuге continuous fогm of the vегЬs Еvitа: і'm goingto Епg|апd with my Ьгоthег fог Six wееks наггу: l_ Сhагliе is leaving оп Тuеsdау What аге уои doing in the hоlidауs? н''''' you (stау) in London ог уоu._i.i_.(mоvе)агоuпdfгоm р,аЁё to р,асе, Еvitа: Wез_ (Sрепd) аfеWdауSiпsеvега| Ьі.g cjtjeS аtіd we Ne uSe will (Vjsjt) as many оfouгЕпgIishfгiеhd;-;Swесап, • fог gепега1 ргеdiсtiопS аЬОut the futuге тhе ргiсе of phones will fаlI Fvаj::: #:T5 S»РЛ»СФtЬЕ|5»Dd}ЬDРj)Е;Рfl»»9}ГJРdГfРfЗШJ)ЬD, • fог оffегs and рготisеs геIаtiпg to the fиtиге (ьоггоW) а fгі.епd's саг і _ _ _ 1'II help уои set ир the neW еqиiртепt ап iпtегпаtiопаl liсепсе But і (sреаk) English mОге than my Ь-г-оТh-ё; Ьесаusе I "._._._ (поt/wоггу) аЬоut we USe going tо • fог регSопа| р|апs ге|аtiпg to the futuге (this is Iike Wе'ге going to dгivе to the south соаst, FuluГе СОПIiПu0us • we fогm the futuге continuous with wt.///wоп't + Ье + -,`п9 ''11 ье wогkiпg не Wоп't Ье playing will уои ье liviп9 ? • we uSe the futuге continuous to talk аЬоut something that is сегtаiп to Ье happening at а рагtiсulаг time in the futuге I'11 Ье wогkiпg fог ту dad next уеаг Не wоп't Ье playing tennis tОтоггоW тогпiпg, will уои Ье wогkiпg aIl wееkепd? fiа€ dгivе) Ьесаusе і'm not о|d enough to have going 1о the ргеSепt сопtiпuоuS) сhагіiе is going to Ieave sооп What аге уои going to аftег sсhооl? • fог fiгm iпtепtiОпs (uУS:;рuы,с-tга(;:%е±)?mоstоf t#е rгhте бUт гбг me rаsг mЕе* m€ ' making mistakes when | tаIk, Iike he aIwayS dоеs Choose the соггесt fогm of the vегЬs | сап't stop поw, /'// mееt/ /'m mееtt.пg my mum at the Station in fifteen miпutеS |п the next few уеагS, tесhпо|оgу t.s mс7kt.лg / иyt.// moke а |оt of diffегепсе to the |ivеS of реор1е in isо|аtеd соmmuпitiеS З Let me fix уоuг phone fог уоu і и;ол'f domoge / wОп't Ье damaging іt Оиг tеасhег Says Wе'Il Ье using / wе'lI use the г\еw Science lаЬогаtОгiеs fог the геst of this tегm Агеуоu gоt.пg fo р/сrу / И/t.//уоu р/оу vо||еуЬа|| this аftегпооп ог сап you hе|р me with the shоррiпg? соmріеtе the сопvегsаtiоп Use the vегЬs jn the соггесt fогm: ргеsепt сопtiпuоus, wt.//, gоі.ng to ог futuге сопtiпuоuS, sometimes mоге than опе fогm is роssiьIе ЕVаП: Го:::iГмеuLm? (wе/hаvе)dіппег Мum: АЬоutsеvеп Doyou hаvеапурlапS? Еvап: і2 (wаtсh)thеmаtсhаtТоm'S hou-sё |аtег |s that ОК With уоu? vеs,оfсоuгSе.vоuЗ _ _ (поt/gо)tо Мum: sсhоо| tоmоггоw But you think you _ (gеt) home vегу lаtе? Еvап: Yеs, ргоЬаЬlу, Ьutl ргоmisе і5 Мum: PleaSe Ье vегу quiеt Yоuг sistег6 (поt / mаkе) а поisе (S|еер) аftег lO pm Ьесаusе She has t6 - get up еаг|у in the mогпiпg she (поt Ье) happy jf you wake hег uр.Еvап Dоп'twоггу, I8 _ (Ьеl геаlIуquiеt IERAMMAR REFEREHOE AlID РRАОТЮЕ 155 Second сопditiОпа| 00НI)lТЮНАL SЕIIТ[НОЕS • we fогm the second сопditiОпа| with: • і.f+ past tense + comma + wоu/d zего сопdili®паl I!роIififiапsсагеdаЬоиtthегаiпfогеsts,thеу'd • we fогm the Zего conditionaI With (wоuld) тоге to ргоtесt thет IfрfорIесагеdаЬоиtthеiгрIапеt,thеуwоuldп't • t.f+ ргеsепt tense + comma + ргеsепt tепSе IfаliопеSshаsсu9stоргоtесt,shеisтогеdапgегоиs, • ргеSепt tenSe + t.f + ргеSепt tепsе polIute the sеа • would + if + раsttепsе АIiопеSsisтогеdапgегоиsifshеhаsсuЬstоргоtесt • we use the Zего сопditiопа| to dеsсгiЬе геа| events ог р?litiсiапs Would тоге to ргоtесt the гаiпfогеsts if they сагеd аЬоиt thет тhеге wоиіdп't Ье апу apples if Ьееs didп't ехist Situations that асtuа||у hарреп WildапiтаIsагеп'tdапgегоusifреорIеЬеhаvе • We use the second сопditiопа| to dеSсгiЬе something in the ргеsепt ог futuге which is uпIikе|у to happen ог sепSiьIу • /f usuа|Iу means the Same as when in zего conditionaI sепtепсеs АIiопеssisтогеdапgегоиswhепshеhаsсиЬstоргоtесt рl.а®'iсе is imаgiпагу If і had а gагdеп, I'd gгоw Iots of fгuit (= | dОп't have а gагdеп so I dоп't gгоw fгuit.) We wоuldп't eat honey if we didп'{Iikе it (= we |ikе honey so we eat it.) Соmр|еtе the sentences with the соггесt fогm of the vегьs ргасli®® Соmр|еtе the sentences using the second Beautiful р|асеs often _ _ too сгоwdеd if they _ сопditiопа| рорulаг tоuгist геsогts (gеt / Ье) lfреор|е _ _ гudеtоmе,| _ _ nonotice і aties сlеапегifреор|е shогtjоuгпеуs (Ье / not uSе) of thеm (Ье / tаkе) З ТгаvеIIiпg to see wildljfe ifyou _ _ _ _ а gгеаt holiday |f mоге реор|е _ this паtuге геSегvе, thеге _ watching паtuге dОсumепtагiеS ч . mОгеmопеуtоSрепdоп сопSегv-аtiоп (Visit / Ье) (ье / епJ'оу) Whепwе . _ tгееs,wе _ сагsfог епviгопmепt (сut down / dеstгоу) _ апimа's' З RаisiпgmопеуfОгwildlifергоj.есts ~_ еаSiегifреорIе _ hоWimрогtапtthеwогk is ( / udSt-d) Fisl đdiliI ã we fm the fiгst сопditiопа| with: • і.f+ ргеsепt tense + comma + wі.і//wоn't SomeanimaIs ifpeopIe _ _thеm (поt suгvivе і not ргоtесt) If sРе thinks hег сuЬs аге in dапgег, а lioness unIess wil' аttасk • we сап uSe un/еss jnStead of і.f лоt in сопditiопа| • will/wоп't + if+ ргеsепt tег`Sе А Iioness will attack if she thinks hег сиЬs аге in dапgег • we uSe the fiгst conditiOnaI to imagine what is |ikе|у to hарреп Ifthеfогеstsdisарреаг,thеWеаthегwillЬетоге ехtгете sепtепсеS Чf.wОиldп'tеаthопеуuпlеsswеlikеdit,( .іfwе didп't ljke it) unless we something to ргоtесt the гаiпfогеsts sооп, they wiіI all disарреаг (= іI we dогі't something soon ) ргасliс® ргао'Fс® Choose the соггесt fогm of the vегЬs Rеwгitе the sentences using uл/еss stагt with th€ wогds 8ivеп If We wоn't / dол'f something Sооп, we wt.// /оsе / /оsе many wild апimа|S We Will Iose the гаiпfогеsts if we dоп't mоге to ргоtесt thеm If сопSегVаtiоп Wогk wt.// Ье / t.S suссеSsful, thеге W;.// Ье / оге mоге апjmа|s in the wild ЗЧагіуоIоиггагеЫгdswilldisарреагіdisарреаг.гI thегеwоn'tЬе/оrеп'fSаfер|асеsfогthеmtопеst Futuге gепегаtiопs dоn'fsее / wоп'f see апу wild аТ.та|S іf we Wоп't lOok аftег / dоп't Iook Jftег thеm GRАммАR REFERENcE Аю рRАстісЕ We will Ifwеdоп'tlооkаftегthе рIапеt' futuге gепегаtiопs will suffег Futuге gепегаtiопS will З I wоuldп't suррогt сопsегvаtiОп wогk if I didп't think it was imрогtапt [ wоuldп't FЕЕп CompLete the tехt, Use the past регfесt fогm of рАSт рЕRFЕОт the VегьS • we fогm the paSt регfесt with hod + the paSt рагtiсiр'е Iіаd looked had wгittеп when I fiгSt came into my new с|аSSгооm in the village SсhОоl, the Students Wеге sitting in гоwS hаdп't looked hаdп't wгittеп had he (ооkеd? had he wгittеп? • we uSe the past регfесt to tа|k аЬоut events ог actionS which happened some time Ьеfоге апоthег action ог eVent in the раSt • тhе past регfесt usuа|іу makeS the огdег of the МургеviоusjоЬ1 (Ье) in а mоdегп school in the сарitа| сitу, whеге the students (аIWауs / Sit) in а сiгсIе I aSked the studепt-S t-о- stand up and move thеiг dеSks Аftег we (аггапgе) the desks in а сiгсlе, | aSked thе-hі tо-Sit down and Ьеgап the |еSSоп events с1еагег and gives Ьасkgгоuпd iпfогmаtiОп The main paSt actiOn is uSuaIIy in the past Simрlе I'd гIеvег Ьееп to а live сопсег1 so I was геа11у excited when we went to опе Iast wееkепd • we often uSe wОгds such as Ье/оrе ог оf{еr in sentenceS with the past регfесt I'd seen the film Ьеfоге Ьut I enjoyed seeing it аgаiп Аftег Wе'd sung нарру вiгthdау, ту sistег opened hег ргеsепts ргасliсе Last sаtuгdау the students of Рагk sсhоо| gave а suгргisе рагtу fог thеiг head tеасhег when she геtiгеd wгitе sепtепсе.s аЬоut what they had and hаdп't done when the head tеасhег аггivеd оп the аftегпооп of hег last dау dесогаtе the sсhоо| haIl / thеiг uSuauessonsJ з еаt'uпсh, ргераге а Sресiа| mеа| / wгitе а Song to sing hег / Last summег Leo Left schooI and went оп hо|idау with some fгiепds Look at the things he had pLanned to Ьеfоге he |еft hоmе Wгitе questions and апswегs О гuппiпgshоеS? Х/ swimming tгuпks / (расk) Had he packed his гиппiпg shоеs? Nо, he hаdп't packed his гиппiпg shOeS Ьиt he had packed his swimming tгuпks Sun ЬIосk? Х/shаmроо / (Ьuу) his dгiviпg tеst? Х / а|| his exams / (раSS) з а hоtе| гооm і / а Seat оп the tгаiп і (Ьооk) Аftегwе (tгу) the new аггапgеmепt fог sеvега-| -dауS, | aSked the Students what they thought аЬоut it неге's what they sаid: `wе wеге suгргisеd ЬесаuSеwе5 Ьеfоге we ._ (поt/sit) in а сiгс|е (аlwауS/ sit) in гоws and the |еsSопS7 - (oftеп/sееm)Ьогiпg.Nоwwе have mоге discussions and еvегуопе і.оiпS iп.' Luckily the hеаdtеасhег аgгееd with thеm! `і (поt/ геа|isе) that movingthe fuгпituге could make such а diffегепсе,' he Sаid Choose the соггесt fогm of the vегЬs When John аггivеd |аtе fог his exam he uyos / hod Ьееп upset Ьесаusе поЬОdу fо/d / hod tо/d him іhе tjіте changed / had сhапgеd The sсhоо| \еат пеVег played | had пеvег played in а геаI Stadium Ьеfоге, and they wеле / hod Ьееп vегу excited to see So many sресtаtогs when they гап out onto the рitсh З I was at а Ьоагdiпg Sсhоо| Ьеfоге | иyеnt/ hс7d Ьееn to uпivегsitу, so I knew how to Iook аftег mуsе|f, Ьut some of my с|аssmаtеS wеге neVer / had пеvег Ьееп away fгот home and found | had /оuпd it hагd to manage without thеiг рагепts at fiгst LaSt Fгidау оuг tеасhег goVe / hod gt.Vеп uS а test in ЬiоIоgу I wos / hod Ьеел аЫе to апswег the questionS ЬесаuSе і Sоиy / 'd seen а dосumепtагу оп the suЬjесt just а week Ьеfоге, not Ьесаusе I геvisеd | 'd геVisеd |п faci I fогgоt | 'd fогgоttеп that we hod і hod hod а teSt that dау! |t Wos / hоdЬееп my Ьiгthdау уеstегdау l was sаd, Ьесаusе по опе wished me а happy Ьiгthdау it seemed that еvегуопе forgof / hod fоrgоffеn Вut, when I gof / hod got hоmе, а|1 my fгiепds wеге thеге! I was Vегу suгргisеd No опе tо/d і hod tо/d me anything аЬоut it, Ьut my iг.іег`ds а1l р(аппеd | had all pIanned а Suгрг.іSе рагtу They Ьоиght | had Ьоught а cake and ргеsепts, and it waS геа11у аmаZiпg | fе/f / hсіd е/f so hарру aRAMMAR REFEREHOE AHD mАI}ТЮЕ 15Т МОDАLS! ОВLIGАТIОН, MEOESSITY Аl]I' АDvюЕ (2) ргасIiсе choose the соггесt vегЬs AdYice You need fo / nееdп't finish уоuг homеwогk, then • we use shоu/d/shоu/dл't + VегЬ to give advice to you сап ге|ах You hoVe to / г7ееdп't tе|| the tеасhег today if you somеопе, and when the sреаkег Ье|iеvеS Something is the гi8ht thing to dо You shouId аггivе at the аiгрогt еаг1у You shоиldп't take tOo much hand Iuggаgе ргас'iсе want to go оп the sсhоо| tгiр З You shоu/dп'{/ shоu/d с|еап уоuг teeth Ьеfоге you go to the dепtist You dоп't hoVe fo / need to walk to Sсhоо| - I сап 8ivе you а 'ift You гіееdп't / shоu/d Ьuу а dгiпk -I'vе аlгеаdу Give advice to the реор|е in the fо|Iоwiпg situаtiопs Use Shоu/d/л'f/ + the wогds in Ьгасkеts Аdаm'S got to catch а tгаiп in twenty minuteS Ьut he сап't wа|k to the stаtiоп you _ (са|l а tахi) Amina has а teSt in sсhоо| tоmоггоw Нег Sistег wants hег to р|ау а video gаmе you _ _ (геvisе).уоu ._._(рlауwith you г Sistег) з Dmitгi is going out |аtег Не'S uSed his phone а lot а|геаdу tоdау Yоu _ the taxi аггivеS You гіееdп't / shоu/dп't fогgеt to Switch а|| the |ights off Ьеfоге you |еаvе I dол't пеес/ to / shоu/dл't take а раsSрогt with me ЬесаuSе |'m not flying to а diffегепt соuпtгу Do the раiгs of sentences mean the sаmе? магk S fог same ог D fог diffегепt lf they аге diffегепt, сап you expIain whу? (сhагgеit) Тех Wants to mend his Ьikе Не'S wеагiпg his Ьеst Swеаtег You got ОПе fОГ уОu You shоu/d/ пееdп't pack уоuг Ьаg the night Ьеfоге you |еаvе, so that уоu'|| Ье геаdу when (сhапgе уоuгswеаtег) ОЫigаtiоп and ncccSsity • we uSe need to + vегЬ When we Ье|iеVе something is imрогtапt, Ьut not а гulе ог |аw уои need to keep уоиг рсіssрогt in а safe рIасе • We use hoVe fo + vегЬ when Something is песеSsагу ЬесаuSе it is а гulе ог the |аw Vou have to get а visа You have to show уоиг раssрогt when уои епtег the соuпtгу Lack of ОЬligаljоп • when Something is not песеSSагу, we uSе: • dоп't have to + VегЬ vou dоп't have to рау fог уоиг food оп this flight • пееdп't + vегЬ (пееdп'f is not foIIowed Ьу tо) You пееdп't take ап итЬге1Iа -it wОп't гаiп • dоп't need to + VегЬ You dоп't need to get to the аiгрогt еагlу а You need to Ьооk in advance to get а cheap tiсkеt Ь You dоп't have to Ьuу уоuг ticket in аdvапсе, Ьut it costs mоге оп the dау а Vou dоп't have to take а Iot of caSh with уоu Ь іt'S SепsiЬіе to take р|епtу of money with уоu З а Vou Shоuldп't Ьчу tickets оп the iпtегпеt fгоm peopIe you dоп't kпоw Ь |t's а Ьаd idea to Ьuу tickets оп the iпtегпеt fгоm peopIe you dоп't kпоw а You should tгу to stay with уоuг fгiепds if thеге аге Ьig сгоwds Ь You have to stay with уоuг fгiепds if thеге аге а |оt of peopIe thеге а You have to Ье with ап adult if уоu'ге uпdег 16, ог you сап't go iп Ь Реор|е aged uпdег 16 сап onIy go in if thеу`ге with ап аdult а You dоп't haVe to take а рhопе Ь Vou пееdп't take а рhопе а You should Ьuуtгаvе| iпSuгапсе Ьеfоге you 8о Ь му advice is to Ьuу iпsuгапсе Ьеfоге you tгаVеI а You need to Ье at the аiгрогt at |еаSt t`htо hоuгS Ьеfоге уоuг "ght |еаVеS Ь The аiгIiпе Says that you must Ье at the аiгрогt two hоuгS Ьеfоге you flу 158 0RАММАR REFEREHOE АНI) РRАОТЮЕ UNтт13 j тнЕ pASslvE ргасIiсе Rеwгitе the sentences using the active fогm of the we fогm the passive with the VегЬ Ье + the paSt рагtiс|е vегь If we Want to tа|k аЬоut the past ог the ргеsепt, We The SchooI Ь|оg is edited Ьу а gгоuр of sепiог change the fОгm of Ье Studепts This kind of Ьох сап't Ье opened Ьу young The ргеsепl simpIe passive сhi'dгеп • we fогm the ргеSепt simр|е passive of а vегЬ with This sоftwаге isп't often uSed Ьу dеsigпегS t.S ог оге + the past рагtiсiріе поwаdауs мilliопs of photos аге posted onIine еvегу dау These toys агеп't soId in sирегтагkеts The paintings in my гооm wеге done Ьу my gгапdfаthег The раsі simpIe paSsive • we fогm the past Simple paSsive of а vегЬ with wos ог Rеwгitе the sentences usingthe passive fогm of the vегЬ Only iпс|udе the agent if it is imрогtапt were + the past рагtiсiр|е тhis рiсtuге was dгаwп to illustгаtе а stогу тhе агtists wегеп't toId What to раiпt sеVегаI се|еЬгitiеS attended the рагtу NоЬОdу could find the Ьа11 at the end of the mаtсh иоdаLmssivеs • моdаі VегЬS |ikе соn, соu/d, must, may and mt.ght аге often uSed in paSsive stгuсtuгеS We fогm them with а З | made aII these саkеs Му aunt designed these shoeS fог а famouS Siпgег тl'е а8еп' Sоftwаге сап change the Shape of а mоdе|'s eyeS in а рhоtо The еditог of the magaZine соuldп't identify the wгjtег of the роеm Оиг рагепts ггіау а((ow us to go to а сог\сегt if we tidy оuг гооms • The регSоп ог thing that регfогms ап action is са||еd choose the соггесt fогm of the vегЬs modal vегЬ + Ье + past рагtiсiр|е тhе Wгitег of the роет сап't Ье idепtifiеd тhе students тау Ье aIlowed to film the shоw, 7-iсkе[S must Ье Ьооkеd in аdvr]гісе the аgепt The agent of the passive vегЬ is the SuЬjесt of ап active vегЬ someone Sent Som о /еtfег (Sоmеогіе is the SuЬjесt and the аgепt.) som wos sent о іеffег (Sоm is the SuЬj.есt, Ьut not the а8епt.) • We often use the paSsive in EngIish Whеп: • we not know who регfОгms (ог регfогmеd) the асtiоп Му Ьаg was taken while I was sипЬаthiпg А lot of cIothes аге made in small fасtогiеs • it isп't imрогtапt who регfогms (ог регfогmеd) the асtiоп му new phone was dеIivегеd уеstегdау, Тhl.s гоот must Ье cleaned iттеdiаtеIу • we want to emphaSise the SuЬjесt of the paSsive Vегь I was asked to sing at the епd-оf-tегт сопсегt! (|t waS me who waS аskеd, not Someone е|Sе.) Yоuг Ьгоthег must Ье invited to the раНу (Тhе Focus is оп уоuг Ьгоthеr.) • We сап uSe Ьу if we need to make it сIеаг who the If you want to take а good рhоtо, you need enough |ight Photos сол'f tсіАе / соп't Ье foAen in the dагk smагtрhопеS usеd/ ore used Ьу many реор|е these days to take рhоtоS Ноwеvег, if you want to take геа||у gооd-quаIitу рhоtоS, then you shouId Ьиу | should Ье Ьоиght а good сатега З When you go оп hо|idау, it's а good idea to take |оts of рhоtоS These сс7n Shоге / соп Ье Shcrred оп|iпе, so уоuг fгiепds соп See / сол Ье sеел а1\ the iпtегеStiпg placeS уоu'vе visitеd If you Want to take photos of реор|е, геmеmЬег thгIt уои should ask | should Ье asked іhе.іг регmissiоп fiгst RеmеmЬег to Save уоuг photos сагеfullу Lots of photoS dе/еfе / аге dе/еtеd Ьу ассidепt DОп't let this happen to уоu You сап edit уоuг рhоtоS This сол / ссігі Ье done опliпе, ог Ьу using sресiа| sоftwаге But Ье сагеful If уоuг photoS edtt / оге еdt.tеd too muсh, `hеу might look | might Ье Iooked stгапgе agent is in а paSsive Sепtепсе Му fгiепds gave те lots of ргеsепts оп ту Ьiгthdау (асtivе) I was given Iots of ргеSепts Ьу ту fгiепds оп ту ьi гthdау (раSs''vе) The рhоtоgгарhег didп't рау that modeI Vегу тисh (асtivе) Thot тоdе[ wаsп't paid vегу much Ьу the photog гарhег (раsS.іVе) aRAMMAR RЕFЕRЕНО[ АI.I) РRАОТЮЕ 1I59 RЕFЕRЕноЕ AND рRАОтIОЕ Nоп[dеfiпiпg ге|аlivе с|аusеS RЕLАтIvЕ cLAUSES • we use поп-dеfiпiпg геIаtivе с|аusеS to give mоге iпfогmаtiоп аЬоut the things ог people we аге I)еfiпiпg геIаlivе сlаusеs tа|kjпg аЬоut Nогі-dеfiпiпg геlаtivе с|аusеs аге • Defining геlаtjvе с|аusеS gjve еssепtiа| iпfогmаtiоп аЬоutthеthiпgs,рlасеSогреорIеwеагеtа|kiпgаЬоut тhеу аге пеVег Sерагаtеd fгоm the геSt of the Sentence ьу соmmаS Т.Ресаkе.sFhаtтуЬгоthегтаkеsагегеаIIуgооd we need the Wогds fhof my Ьгоthег moAeS to know which cakes the Sреаkег is taIking аЬоut • То Ьеgiп а геlаtivе с|аuSе, we uSe the ргопоuпs who (fог аIWауSsерагаtеdfгоmthегеstоfthеsепtепсеЬу соmmаs Тhе.саkеsопthisрlаtе,whiсhтуЬгоthегhеIреdtо таkе, аге геаllу gооd Itу.е.tаkеоu+whiсhтуЬгоthегhеIреdtотаkе,wе Still know which cakes the sреаkег is tаіkiпg аЬоut • NОп-dеfiпiпg ге|аtivе clauseS Ьеgiп with the ге|аtivе ргопоuп who (fог реор|е), whеге (fог реор|е), wht.сА (fог thiпgs), tЛаt (fог things and реор1е), wAose (Ье|опgiпg tо) and whеле (fог рIасеS) р|асеS), wh,.сh (fог thiпgs) ог wЛоsе, Ьut пеVег tAоf му Ьгоthег, who is ап ехсеI(епt сооk, has Wгittеп а Т_Реге'.sthеgiгIwhоWопthесооkегуёотреiitiоп she shoWed те the гесiре which sГ;е iпV:пtеd I_сап email the гесiре that I toId уои аЬоиt, сооkЬооk special iпgгеdiепts Т_!qt'?tРеЬоуwhоsетuтdеsigпssипgIаssеs NчО!Тgгапqр?гепis,whоsеkitсhепhеusеs',.Ёгергоud Т!!s is the place whеге l Ьоиgh{ту Ьо;k • И/hо, wht.сh ог thof сап Ье the SuЬjесt ог the оЬjесt of the ге|аtivе сIаusе ТРе_LУ_ОУаПЧРО/tРаtгuпsthесаfёisvегуfгiепdlу.(Whоі fhof is the suьjесt) Т.hеге:s.thесhеfwhо/thаtltoldуоuаЬоиt.{Whо/thаt-Is the оьjесt) of what hе'S dопе • We сап пеVег |еаVе out the ге|аtivе ргопоuп in а поп-dеfiпiпg сlаuSе ргасliсе Rеwгitе the раiгs of sentences using поп- Т:s.h.Оу.еdп:€аг.есiреwhiсh/thаthеоftепиsеs.(whiсhі thot is the оЬjесt) • we сап Ieave out whо, wЛt.сh ог thof if it is the оЬj.есt of the definjng сlаusе ТтhLе_::,!е.:(wРiС,h,/tРа:)ТуЬгоthегтаkеsагегеаIIуgОоd Тhеге's the chef (whо) I told уои аЬОиt, Не shoWed те а гесiре (whiсh/thаt) he often иsеs I :.ап email the гесiре (whiсhіthаt) I toId уои аЬоиt • we cannot Ieave out whо, whі.сh ог thot if it is the SuЬjесt ТhеWОтапwhогuпsthесаfёisVегуfгiепdlу defining геIаtivе сlаusеs Му gгапdmа taught me to make саkеs She wогkеd in а геstаuгапt when She WaS уоuпg We Iit the ЬагЬесuе hа|f ап hоuг Ьеfоге the guests аггivеd We had Ьоught it the day ьеfоге з му fгiепd Dаггеп Ьгоught us some fгеsh fish Dаггеп'S dad is а keen fishегmап This Thaj food is mild enough fог апуопе to еаt |t dоеSп't haVe апу chillieS in it ргао'iсе TheSe sausageS аге а|| Ьuгпt l waS cooking СОmр|еtе the sentences with whо, wh,.сh, where ог whоsе ТhеfiгstгеStаuгапt_ _ lwогkеdwаSiпLопdоп Do you геmеmЬег the name of the chef геstаuгапt we visitеd? з і'vе пеvег met апуопе as my mum ThedisheS them fог my 'uпсh Ехр|аiп the diffегепсе in meaning Ьеtwееп the раiгs of sепtепсеs а The Ыsсuits whjch my Ьгоthег made wеге aII еаtеп €Quld cook aS Wе|| | likеЬеstагеthеопеs uSe fгеsh iпgгеdiеп€S ;:'ok:fYОО:kjdПj#еWг:t:tРсео°uРп`tегjеs The fгiепd The гFс.iреS, which he tested сагеfиllу, геqиiге Iots of аГе |ПtеГеstеd m saucepan l Ьоггоwеd will Ье апgгу when he seeS |'vе Ьuгпеd it Ь тhе ЫSсuits, which my Ьгоthег mаdе, wefe aIl еаtеп а Thestudentswho had nothad lunch wanted to find а саfё Ь The studепts, Who had not had Iuпсh, wanted to find а саfё З а The Iettuces which wегеп't fгеSh Wеге thгоwп аwау Ь The |еttuсеs, which wегеп't fгеsh, wеге Look at the sentences in Ехегсisе і а whеге сап you uSe thot inStead of the wогd you сhоsе? thгоwп аwау а The Ьгеаd which was fгеShlу Ьаkеd SmеlIе dе'iсiоus Ь The Ьгеаd, which was fгеshlу Ьаkеd, Smеl'еd dе,idоus -FGьп::::::iF±_=":::,а::нр=,о::, АRтюLЕS: А,m, ПШАНD zERO АRТЮLЕ Choose the соггесt агtiсIе ог по агtiсIе Гhе / -tоwп whеге | gгеw up is оп fhe / The indefinile агIiсlе а/ал we uSe о/оп ЬеfОге а Siпgulаг соuпtаЬ|е поuп: • when we mentjon Something fог the fiгst timе I Iive in а flat пеаг the city сепtге • when we mention Sоmеопе's jоЬ ог What they dо ьу tо Уу т.ит.'S а dосtог, ту dаd's ап агсhitесt anJ ту Ьгоthег's а stиdепt The definile агіiсIе Ме we we uSe the Ьеfоге апу поu" )ut • when we mention Something fог the Second timе 0uг flat is пеаг а рагk The рагk has sеVегаl tennis соuгts • when thеге is оп|у опе of Sоmеthiпg му Ьгоthег Iikes swimming in the sеБ • when we tа|k аЬоut рагtiсulаг реор|е ог thiпgs The schooI I go to is not fаг аWау • Which is the name of а gгоuр of mоuпtаiпS, and StateS and соuпtгiеS that аге р|uгаI the UгаIs, the united АгаЬ Етiгаtеs • which is the name of а dеsегt, осеап ог гivег - Rivег Lоiге Му Ьгоthег has gone to fhe / -Сhilе fог а mоuпtаjпеегiпg expedition in fhe / -Апdеs З Тhеге was о / fhe thuпdегstогm уеstегdау, апі my cat hjd uпdег my Ьеd ЬесаuSе hе's tеггifjе of fhe / - |оud поisеS Оuг maths tеасhег waS о / fhe sоIdiег Ьеfоге s tгаiпеd to Ье о / fhe tеасhег Оп FгidауS, my fгiепds and I а|I meet in -/ о с€ пеаг the / -сепtгаI Ьus Station to dгiпk the / - coffee and сhаt А / me саfё isп't gгеаt, Ьut fht -musjс they play thеге js аmаZiпg me cheese / Слееsе is пiсе, Ьut tOo much сап 8,'Vе you the / -sроts When we went to tAe / ~ Canada last уеаг, we Stayed in -/ о hosteI jn the / -VапсоuVег and v а|Sо camped пеаг fhe / -Lаkе Louise in fhe / - Rocky моuпtаiпs Complete the email with о/оn, the ог -if по агtit is песеssагу the sаhага, thе.Расifiс, the Amazon "е zего агIiсIе we not uSe ап агtiс|е: • Ьеfоге ап uпсоuпtаЬlе noun ог а рluга| соuпtаЫе поuп, when We tа|k аЬоut that thing in gепега| VоllеуЬаll is ту fаvоигitе sрогt, Те:паgегs аге usuaIIy iпtегеstеd in sрогt • With the nameS of tоwпS, соuпtгiеS and сопtiпепts, individuaI is|апds, mountainS and Iаkеs уеW.Zе.аI.апd, Rоте, Еигоре, siсiіу, моuпt Fиji, Lake Issyk ки' ргас'iс® маtсh the sentence hа|vеs when She finisheS uпivегSitу, my sistег wants tоье |п my EngIish IеssОпS, we а|I Iike З |'m |еагпiпgа Iot in |п my Villаgе, thеге's а post оffiсе, а few Shops and | Saw some Shoes and а Ьаg in а Shop today і іikеd the shоеS, Ьut і didп't іikе I сап't саггу alI this Shopping jn my hands I need ь;h;ь:h:;d:gt,g,hh.::;`:ь;:wt,:в;::;:'::гЁ;:уd:;g::d Find the mistakeS with агtiсіеs jn the sentences and соггесt thеm The реtго| і.s Vегу expensive in this соuпtгу |'m поtvегу iпtегеStеd in the sсiепсе, Ьut | епjо) |еагпiпg а new |апguаgе З А fооtЬа|| match we watched |аSt night waS vегу exciting and my team wоп! I went to good Sрогts с|uЬ When I waS оп h0lidау The VеgеtаЫеs аге ап imрогtапt рагt of а ЬаIапсеd diеt | was so еmЬаггаSsеd in the meeting уеStегdау when I геаlisеd phone that waS гiпgiпg was in my ьаg.' а Sсhооl the tеасhег the ьаg а tеасhег Sсhооl GRAMMAR REFERENCE AND PRACTICE 1( RЕроRтЕD SрЕЕОн Rерог|iпg vегЬs • We iпtгоduсе герогtеd Speech with герогtiпg VегЬS like sоі.d, tоіd iпsistеd, аппоипсеd, dетапdеd, explained , еъс, VегЬs jn герогtеd s|іеесh • The tense of the vегЬS in diгесt speech changeS when the герогtiпg vегЬ (sо'.d, tо/d, ехріоt.пеd, еtс.) is in the paSt tепSе Rерогtеd speech Diгесt speech ргеsепt simpLe э past simpIe `I enjoy Watching не said he enjoyed filтS., watching f,Iтs ргеsепt past continuous т> continuous не Said that 9iг( was acting wеll `тhаt giгі is acting WеII.' past simple `shе studied at film past регfесt не said (thаt) shе'd (hаd) studied at film sсhооI не said he hаdп't ьеfоге.' seen hег Ьеfоге i Would не sа'Id shе'd опе dау., (wоиId) Ье famous опе dау сап `shе сап sing weII tоо.' she said that she enjOyed асtiпg She toId us that She enjoyed асtiпg She explained that she enjoyed асtiпg, • Iпsistеd, suggested and demanded сап Ье fо\\оwеd Ьу that shоu/d inStead of а paSt tепSе `Yоu must give us уоиг аutogгарh.' э We insisted that she gave us hег аиtоgгарh We insisted that she shоuіd give us hег аиtоgгарh `Lеt's Watch the film аgаiп.' ргасliо® change the sentences fгоm герогtеd to diгесt sреесh The diгесtог tо|d the асtогS he would рау them а |оt of mопеу past регfесt `I hаvеп't seen hег `shе'Iі Ье famous She toId us she enjoyed асtiпg • Rерогtiпg vегЬs аге often followed Ьу thоt > I suggested that we shоuіd watch the film аgаiп ээ sсhоо'.,ргеsепt регfесt w'.'' she said she enjoyed асtiпg • Тhеге must Ье ап оЬjесt аftег fо/d + could не said she could sing weII tоо • we not сhаг\gе соuld, would, shоиld, тhеdiгесtогsаid,` _ _ Опе of the Stагs inSisted that She needed а Sресiа| diеt Опе of the StагS sаid, ` З The саmега орегаtОг complaihed that the |ights wеге too wеаk The саmега орегаtог sаid, ` The |еаdiпg асtог tо|d me he didп't enjoy Wогkiпg with that diгесtог тhе іеаdiпg асtог Sаid, ' The mаkе-uр агtist explained th-аt the stаг Was fее|iпg ill The mаkе-uр агtist sаid, ` G The асtогs toId the diгесtог they hаdп't Wогkеd in Such а mt.ght, used to ог the paSt регfесt when they Ьеаutiful р|асе Ьеfоге тhе асtогs Sаid, ` аге герогtеd `Yои coutd visit hег WеЬsitе.' The wгitег Said hе'd €оmрlеtеd the film thгее уеагS аgо > не said I could visit hег wеЬsitе `Shе used to Ье in а TV sегiеs.' > Не said she used to Ье in а TV sегiеs `shе hаdп't арреагеd оп т\і Ьеfоге thаt.' э Не said she hаdп't арреагеd оп TV Ьеfоге thаt_ тhе wгitег Sаid, ` Complete the герогtеd sепtепсеs `Wе made а film at Sсhоо| |аst tегm.' тhе Students announced that `Wе'ге making апоthег опеthis-tегm.' тhеу toId uS Ргопоuпs in герогlеd S|іеесh • РгопоuпS sometimes have to change when they аге герогtеd 'I enjoy watching filтs,' said Тот э тот said he enjoyed watching filтs `Vоu сап watch а film аftег diппег.' said the ьоуs' тит > The Ьоуs' тит said they could Watch а film з `і hаdп't Ьееп in а film Ьеfоге.' The leading асtог said he `I enjoy diгесtiпg Ьut I dоп't |ikе асtiпg.' The diгесtог ехр|аiпеd that She `ЕVегуопе must Iеагп thеiг WОгd; Ьу next wееk.' Оuг dгаmа tеасhег insisted that `Yоu сап't Ье in the film Ьесаusе you didп't |еагп уоuг wогds., The tеасhег toId me that аftег diппег `Wе'Vе |еагпеd а Iot in dгаmа с|аssеS.' тhе students said `| wiLL finish makingthe film sооп.' The diгесtог said She 1бz aRAMMAR REFEREHOE АIЧD РRАОТЮЕ Fш RЕроRтЕD QUЕSт]оNS ргасliсе change the questions fгоm герогtеd to diгесt • The wогd огdег of а герогtеd queStion is the Same as sреесh' а positive Stаtеmепt, not а quеstiоп `Whаt's the tiте? Му fгiепds aSked me why I hаdп't texted апуопе alI dау j She asked те what the time wаs, тhеу sаid, ` • тhе vегЬs change аftег а герогtiпg vегЬ in the past 7, тhеу wапtеа tо know whеthег і waS coming out with thеm tепsе, in the Same way aS in герогtеd stаtеmепts • тhе аuхiliагу vегЬs dі.d, dі.dn't аге not used in тhеу sаid, ( герогtеd quеstiопS `Whеп did уои get ир tоdау?' ,' | asked them wh-;t time they wеге Iеаviпg Sаid' , > не asked те when I got ир tоdау ?, Му Ьгоthег ;skеd me if he соu(d come With us (Nот wh€гI dkJ I g€t ир tоdау,) • РгопоuпS change in the same way aS in герогtеd не sаid' , ,, Му dad wаLпLt-ёd-tЬ know whеthег I had finished Stаtеmепts • Fог герогtеd уеs/nо questionS we use і.f ог whеfhеr my hоmеwогk неsаid, ` `А'еус,uь,JSу?, ?' Му тит w;пdегеd hoW Iong I Would Ье оut > She aSked if і Was Ьиsу Lпu;Гё§diuОП`еrТ,fітг.пil?' > I asked whеthег hе'd sent ап етаil `Dо уои often р1ау Video gатеs?' she sаid' ` ?, Му sistег аSkеd-w-hеthег l.wапtеd а |ift t6.tоwп ShеSаid, ` 7' э Не asked whеthег we often played Video gатеs `наvе уои seen ту wеЬsitе?' change the questions into герогtеd sреесh э She asked if I'd seen hег WеЬsitе Why hаvеп'tуоu texted mе? Му mum wanted to know • Fог герогtеd иМ-quеStiопS, thе.герогtеd queStion Stагts with the Same queStion wогd as the diгесt quеstiоп whаt time is it?, > she asked what time it WсIs `whеп аге уои coming hоте?' > не asked when We wеге coming hоте `Whеге сап I сhагgе ту рhопе?' э не osked whеге he couId сhагgе his рhопе, `whiсh wеЬsitеs have they looked аt?' э I asked which wеЬsitеs thеу'd looked аt Rерог|iпg vегЬs • We сап iпtгоduсе герогtеd queStions with vегЬS like аsk, want to know ог wопdег `Аге уои Ьиsу?' > she asked if I Was Ьиsу `Did he send ап етаil?' э I wanted to know Whеthег hе`d sent ап етаil `DО уои often pIay video gатеs?' э не wопdегеd whеthег we often played video gатеs • The герогtiпg vегЬ osked is SometimeS fо||оwеd Ьу а noun ог ргопоuп `Whаt time is it?' > She asked the пигsе What time it Wаs Have you seen my саг kеуS? му dad wопdегеd з Whеге will you Stay in Lопdоп? Му tеасhег asked me How many tweets have you sent tоdау? тhе герогtег aSked the асtог Why is еvегуопе Shouting at mе? тhе fооtЬа||ег wопdегеd Do students often uSe the wеЬsitе? we wanted to know Сап you get SuрегfаSt ЬгоаdЬапd in уоuг tоwп? The filmmаkег aSked us Find and соггесt six mistakes in the герогtеd questions in this еmаil нi Jап, і went to See а сагеегS аdvisег уеstегdау не aSked me what wеге my fаvоuгitе suЬjесts and did I ргеfег р|ауiпg video gameS ог taking рагt in Sрогt Не wanted to know What IanguageS did I Speak and which fогеigп соuпtгiеS I visited in my |ifе Не asked could you imagine wогkiпg in ап оffiсе не also wanted to know how much did і want to еагп не didп't SuggeSt а сагеег, Ьut he hе|реd me to think `Whеп аге уои coming hоте?' mоге сlеагIу аЬоut the decisionS l have to make in э не asked us when we wеге coming hоте the next two уеагS `Whiсh WеЬsitеs have they Iooked аt?' > I asked them which wеЬsitеs thеу'd looked аt, НОре уоu'ге wе|| wгitе Sооп, каi 0RАММАR REFEREHOE AHD PRAOTIOE 163 мNЕ sомЕтмING DoIIE маtсh the sentence hаLvеs Do you go to the Suрегmагkеt еvегу wееk? • we uSe а fогm of hoVe + оЬjесt + the past рагtidр|е The paSt рагtiсiр|е dеSсгiЬеS the action that waS dопе What did уоuг Ьгоthег fог his giгIfгiепd'S Ьiгthdау? з іS thаtуоuг gгапdfаthег in the рiсtuге? Yоuг living гооm |ооks diffегепt fгоm IaSt time I Visited уоu I'т going to have ту hаiг We had оиг hаiг тhеу'vе пеvег had thеiг hаiг Уои shouId have уоиг hаiг соlоигеd і cut / dопе не'іі ргоЬаЬ1у have his hаiг she needs to have hег hаiг • we uSe hoVe sоmеtht.ng done to tа|k аЬоut Something that Someone е|Sе dOeS fог us WеWапttоhаvеоuгhаiгсиt.( wеwапt someone to cut оuг hаiг fог us.) I'т going to have ту hаiг dопе ( Sотесіпе is gоі.ng to my hаiг fОг mе.) • we not uSuа|Iу mention who the регSоп Уоuг mum's саг |ооks Vегу smагt! whеге'S уоuгсоmрutег? а Vеs, Wе'vе just had it dесогаtеd Ь |'m having it checked fог viгuSеS at а ShOp in tоwп с No,wе hаVеоuгfооd dе|ivегеd d уеS, Shе's had it washed at |аst е VеS, he had his рогtгаit painted and my dad had it fгаmеd f Соггесt the mistake in each sепtепсеs |'d |оvе to my hаiг со|оuгеd I think it would |ооk 8ооd is that doeS something fог uS, uп|еSs it'S imрогtапt і hod my hоt.г dопе (= Sоmеопе, ргоЬаЬ|у а hаiгdгеSSег, dt'd my hаiг fог mе.) I had ту hаiг соіоuгеd Ьу ту тит |етрhаs.іsеs that my mum did it fог mе) • We сап use get inStead of hoVe in mоге iпfогmа| situаtiопS I'т going to hаvе/gеt ту Ьikе fixed this wееkепd Му рагепts hаd/gоt thеiг photo taken in fгопt of Buckingham Ра1асе не had flоwегS dеіivегеd to hег I haVe to have my саг Sегviсеd |аSt wееk, ЬесаuSе it was making а Stгапgе поisе з Му dаughtег had hег face paint and she thought it WаSfuппу | my соmрutег fiхеd, ЬесаuSе I know how to it mуSеIf Lots of famous peopIe have Ьооks wгоtе аЬоut thеm These реоріе want someone to something fог thеm соmріеtе what they Sау Use hoVe + оЬjесt + paSt рагtiсiрLе of the vегЬs in Ьгасkеts, рга®liсе Му гооm is а Ьогiпg со|оuг | want to l Му phone isп't wогkiпg ргорег1у |'|| (раiпt) Read the sепtепсеs Tick (/) the sentences in which the sреаkег did the асtiоп, and not Someone еLsе З Му |itt[е sistег сап't геасh the fгопt dоог ЬеII Wе'ге 8оiпg to I had my windowS с|еапеd Iast wееk They |ооk much с|еапег поw at the shОр (fiх) (mоvе) Оuг kitсhёп is Vегу оId-fаShiопеd Wе'd like to (mоdеmisе) I dеlivегеd the |еttег and then went hоmе З | had my photo tаkеп | needed it fог а I сап пеVег find с|оthеs to fit mе I wish I could раsSрогt Uпfогtuпаtе|у, I had my Ьikе StoIen fОг me Ьу а регsопа| shОррег (сhооsе) Мусо-mрutегissоS|оw | needto (сhесk) уеStегdау I гераiгеd my соmрutег, and now it'S wогkiпg I checked my ЬIооd ргеsSuге, and thеге'S comptete the sепtепсеs Use the соггесt fогm of haVe + the wогds in Ьгасkеts ]:а-j[-Sіdо)аtаПаnЬаг.Dоуоuнkеthеm?(justіmу nothing wгопg with it #:ап) аftеГОuГIаStРагtу.(а|Ithесагреtsі З | Ьоughtsоmеjеапs Ьutl needto (thеm ,J shогtеп) You must (уоuгЬikе/гераiг) in ;ouг new dгеSs уеstегdау? (уоu / уоuг photo / tаkе) when waS the |аSt time you ехаmiпе) 1I64 GRAMMAR RЕFЕRЕIЮЕ AMD РRАI}ТЮЕ ? (уоuг / eyeS гшш DIFFЕRЕнт тYрЕS 0F 0LАuSЕ Сопtгаst с|аusеs рга®'iс® Do the раiгs of sentences mean the sаmе? Маг| s fог same ог D fог diffегепt іf they аге diffегеі сап you ехр|аiп whу? • we сап join сіаuSеs which give diffегепt ог suгргisiпg iпfогmаtiоп аЬоut Something with wогds |ikе аIthоugh, whегеаs and whilе • AMough and whereoS сап go in the middle of а sепtепсе, ог at the Ьеgiппiпg fог ехtга еmрhаsis I enjoyed ту hоlidауjоЬ although it was hагd wогk Although ту holiday jоЬ Was hагd wогk, I enjoyed it, (= my hо|idау jоЬ waS hагd wогk Ьut і enjoyed it) I ргеfег to get ир еаг1у, whегеаs most of ту fгiепds like to sleep Iаtе Whегеаs most of ту fгiепds like to sleep lаtе, I ргеfег to get up еогіу (= unlike most of my fгiепds, і |ikе to get up еаг'у) • иіht./е usuaIIy goeS at the Ьеgiппiпg of а Sепtепсе While I dоп't enjoy going fог а гuп, I know it's gOod fог mе (= I dоп't enjoy going fог а гuп Ьut | know it's good fог mе) а I need to get good exam геsults Ьесаusе | want to go to со||еgе Ь тhе геаSоп і need good exam геsults is tha і want to go to со||еgе а Му dad |ikеS to геаd Оп hоlidау, whегеаS гт mum ргеfегS going fог а Swim Ь Му mum епj.оуS going fог а Swim when my dad is геаdiпg З Ь In огdег to aVoid the гush hоuг tгаffiс, we need to |еаvе еагlу а while mоsttеепаgегS епj.оу рагtiеs, not а|| them |ikе dапсiпg Ь Теепаgегs Who сап't dance dоп't enjoy рагtiеs а Тhесоmрапуоffегsgооdtгаiпiпg ргоgгаmmеs in огdег to аttгасt the Ьеst Studепts Ь The company wants to аttгасt the Ьеst Studепts, so they оffег good tгаiпiпg • we сап use а с|аuSе Ьеgiппiпg with so thof ог і.п order to when we want to expIain the рuгроSе of Something in the Same sепtепсе the Ьеgiппiпg fог ехtга еmрhаsis |t is fо||owеd Ьу the ргоgгаmmеs а As | dоп't enjoy Swimmiпg, I'm not So keen SeaSide hоlidауs infinitive fогm of the VегЬ I want to wогk in ап office in огdег to Iеагп аЬоut Ьиsiпеss sоftwаге In огdег to Iеагп аЬоиt Ьusiпеss sоftwаге, I want to Ь I quite |ikе SeaSide hо|idауS aIthough I don 'ikе Swimmiпg а А|thоugh it was а со|d dау, the sun was Shiпiпg wогk in ап оffiсе • so that goes in the middle of а sепtепсе іt is fо||оwеd Ьу ап оЬjесt I Want to wОгk in ап office so that I сап Iеагп аЬоut Ьиsiпеss sоftwаге It's imрогtапttо |еаVееаг|уsоthаtwеаvо the гush hоuг tгаffiс Рuгроsе с]аusсs • іл оrdег to сап go in the middle of а Sепtепсе, ог at а Ь іt was а со|d dау, Ьut the Sun waS shiпiпg маtсh the Sentence hа|vеs and join them with іiпkiпg wогds fгоm the Ьох сап апу of the wог fit in mоге than опе рLасе? ReaSon с[аusеS aIthough • we сап use а с|аuSе Ьеgiппiпg with Ьесоusе ог os in огdегtо as Ьесаusе so that whегеаs when we want to expIain the геаSоп fог Something in the same sепtепсе • весоusе and os сап go in the middle of а Sепtепсе, ог at the Ьеgiппiпg fог ехtга еmрhаsis I needed to get а jоЬ Ьесаиsе I wanted to save топеу fог ту hоIidау Because I Wanted to save топеу fог ту hоIidау, I needed to get а jоЬ, • As haS the same meaning aS Ьесоusе I decided to Walk to Wогk as it was а fine тогпiпg As it Was а fine тогпiпg, I decided to waIk to wогk з | сап аffогd new tгаiпегs | pasSedtheexam моSt students have |опgsummег holidays |t's а good idea to tа|k to а сагеегs аdvisог |'vе got the aftemoon off б Wе'ге usuаііу given hаіf ап hоuг а Some of the queStions Wеге геаііу hагd Ь I waS paid уеStегdау с you know what kind оfj.оЬS might suitуоu d I wОгkеd |аtе уеStегdау еvепiпg е mеdiса| students haVe to Wогk аl1 thгоugh f the уеаг ргерагеfогоuгfiпаI гасе GRAMMAR REFEREIIOE AMD РRАОТЮЕ vЕRвS Wітн "о овtіЕстS • Ап active vегЬ uSuаі|у has а suЬj.есt and often has а diгесt оЬjесt • тhе diгесt оЬjесt is usuа|Iу а thiпg suьjесt Vегь Diгесt оЬjесt / sent а tехt маisiе Wгоtе а note аЬоut the VоIIеуЬаII таtсh • Some vегЬs сап have two оЬjесts -а diгесt оЬjесt and ап iпdiгесt оЬjесt • The iпdiгесt оЬjесt is uSuа||у а регsОп • when the diгесt оЬjесt comes fiгst, we say to ог ror Ьеfоге the iпdiгесt оЬjесt suьjесt vегь Diгесt оЬjесt іпdiгесtоЬjесt / sent а text to ту аипt маisiе wгоtе а note аЬоut theVоIIеуЬаIImatch fог the tеосhег • when the iпdiгесt оЬjесt comeS fiгst, We dоп't uSe to ог fоr suьjесt vегь Iпdiгесt оЬjесt Diгесt оЬjесt / sent ту aunt а tехt маisiе wгоtе the tеасhег а note аЬоиt the vоIlеуЬаIl таtсh • VегЬs which сап have two оЬjесts iпс|udе: Ьrt.ng, Ьu)t, сооk, сhооsе, /еtсh, g,.Vе, lепd, таkе, оffег, оwе, рау, sепd, shоw, tаkе, tеасh, tеlI thгоw, wгitе ргасIiс® wгitе the wогds in the соггесt огdег l CompIete the sentences with to ог/оr | ЬОughtsоmеflоwегS my mum Didyou shоwуоuгргеSепts уоuгfгiепds? twenty dоI|агS / Vbilfгеd / his / owes / Sistег з AIex gave а Silvег песklасе._ VoIanda / cake / а / I'|l / fог / nice / choose his giгіfгiепd Bettina tо|d hегstогу ._ the poIice оffiсег Dad paid ten еuгоS the taxi dгivег Givethatphone mепоw! з уои / те / а / make | sаг\dw.іс.h | саг\ / ? Сhаг|iе cooked а pizza _ thгеw / the / sistег / to / Tom / his / Ьа|| DеЬЫеtаughtапеWsопg Canyoufetch а cleantoweI himsеIf thесhildгеп mе? іо МуЬгоthегshowеd his поtеЬg6k аftег the |еSSоп of / mum / photo / gaVe / Zoe / а / hегsе|f / hег thеtеасhег Rеwгitе each sentence in Ехегсisе with the iпdiгесt ОЬі.есt Ьеfоге the diгесt оЬjесt I_ ЬОught Ту тит some flowегs Paul / has / to / аddгеss / his / you / texted / new Rеwгitе each sentence in Ехегсisе з, changing the огdег of the diгесt and iпdiгесt оЬjесts vou Will need to add ог teave out to ог /оr оw_еS twenty dоllагs to his 166 aRAHMAH RЕFЕПЕIIОЕ AHIl IlПАОТЮЕ іпGпitivе Ье past simр|е wаS, wеге іпfiпitivе past simр|е past рагtiсiріе ьееп Ieave Ieft left past рагtiсiрIе Ьеаt Ьеаt ьеаtеп іеагп Ьесоmе Ьесаmе ьесоmе lend Ient lent Ьеgi п Ьеgа п ьеguп Lie Lay Iain ыееd ь'еd ь'еd 'оSе loSt 'оst Ьгеа k Ь го ke ьгоkеп make made made meant meant Ьгiпg Ьгоught ьгоught mean ьuild ьuilt ьui't meet |еагпеd/|еагпt m et met paid paid Ьuгп Ьuгпt/Ьuгпеd ьuу ьоu8ht ьоught put put catch са u8ht caught геаd геаd chooSe choSe choSen гоdе гiddеп come came come гап8 гuп8 cost coSt coSt гоSе гisеп cut cut cut гuп гап гuп dig du8 dug Say Said Said did dOne See Saw seen d гаw d геw dгаwп sе'' sо'd SoId Send sent sent dгеаm dгеаmеd/dгеаmt Ьuгпt/Ьuгпеd іеагпеd/|еагпt dгеаmеdіdгеаmt dгiпk dгапk dгuпk Shine Shone Shone d гivе d гоvе dгivеп S h oW Showed Shown eat ate eaten shut shut Shut faII fе'' fallen siп8 sап8 Suп8 fee I fe It fе't Sit Sat Sat fight fought f0u8ht S Iee р Slept slept find found found speak Spoke spoken f ly f lew flown Sре|| sреIIеd/Sре|t fo гgеt fo гgоt fог8оttеп spend spent spent 8еt got g0t Sta nd stood Stood 8ivе 8аvе 8ivеп Stea ' stо'е stо'еп 8о we nt gопе/Ьееп swim Swam swum 8гоw gгеw 8гоwп take took taken h ave had had teach taught taught hеаг hеагd hеагd tеl' to 'd told hide hid hid think mtmt hit th гоw th геw hoId held heId uпdегStапd uпdегStооd huгt huгt huгt wake woke woken kee р kept kept wеаг wоге wогп know knew known win won wOn Iead 'еd led wгitе w гоtе wгittеп thought Sре||еd/Sреlt thоu8ht thгоwп uпdегstооd LISт oF IRREGULAR VЕRвS 16т АсkпоwЮdgеmепts i;,:```:.'`;,;!';l;:::`:`.:::`:};:.;:;:.`:.':``;.;.:`::::`;`'.`:,`:t:`i:``:``;:`:`j`:;{`:i:j:`,:т`:,:::;:: `;`,``:',;nh.ll',:; „` рапiсuіагіу Gгеg Сіагkе, vёгitу Соіе and Аіуsоп МаskеIі ;i:{`';:;`';;`i::``.::```;;i,.`;il:.:;,``;:`:'Ё:,:!``::;,:.`;:.`i:l':::;::`.l:+а`:;;:::;-`;;:!*:::,::[::::,i``;;`.::;j.:;;;:.:.: Тhеаuthог§апdрuЬlіshегsагеgгаtеfultоthеtоШwlпgЬггеvіеwmg8####:::::=:::#::::::;##::;:3:::::::Ж::;:;; Аюеmпа~mф,w~Сапtаluррі,~~kЖ+ТgLЖLЖ' іhе mаtегiаі duгiпg the wгitiпg ргосеss: Gоdагd; Sраiп: EstefanIa Аvііёs LFнiЕЕшFЕLLЕнJшпFЕжНЖТГШLЕШ"Ш §"±::оnЁ:.!Ёj,,а:П:::юй::ij$d:,,аiюаЁg.kПiL;u:Ё;Ёi;t:$i_ii!;i::Тт.:аi;:С$ :;;:.:j;`:i:::::-::}i.:;:l:::.:``ЕЁi`ii;;`:``::j:::`;:::::;;:FЁ:;;:!j':'`:::``;Ё`:::;;S;`':;t;{;:;.;::;`.:`:` " :=:::::::Ж::;#L#ЖL:аiп#d#+Ж#Ю Ш ~ tгпаgеs, Рhоtоgгарh taken ьу Непгіk Моsсhпегі dlgllal еditlоп, а8 аррIlсаЫо кеуU=ш,Ls=шэSk,,ьс=сшге,ЕА="~g#а:::;:Ж::;;Ё:;Ж:Жg;;+gЁ#;;;;;Ж;;Ё РЕ = Ргерапе fог the Exam #SЮwРее$Міпdd",оюЮгthеquоЮф№Ю Вергоduоеd wlm регmіssіоп Соругm © 201Э АН Вюhts Реsегvеф #ЖLЖТ+ggЖLi#LLЖЪ wігеlmаgе; sЮvе GгагmLzЛМrЫmаgе; Саюіhпаgе/Сhгіs ВуапЮJО+, „Е"шW№"~hшсоругіgm©мшЖ,Ж'ЁjЖ:::::::;:::::::::8:::=ЖgLi#'t# Rергоduсеd with регmissюп of EVan нага тЖhе "g®msоuгсеdmGкрhкр ::: :-:` :=:: : :-:-:.-:: :-:=: :- : -=::.-:=: :::-= , :-=:::.:i.-: -::::-=;:: :::. :::-: Ж~ЁЖ#Ж# :-:.: -:-: : =:-: ;;: -= :-: =:-:.-i:= :::-:-:: i=:.:;=:::::-:-:.:-.:.:- = -.: :: L: : = - I Апdгеw Rею п В2 Fiгst fог sсhоо|s А2 Кеу fог Sсhоо|s сАмвRIDGЕ UNlvЕRslтY pREss f:gтg:id8еАssеssmепt Ехрегts tоgеthег Оuг aim is to dе|ivег the mаtегiаIs you tе|| us you пееd ExcIusive insights fгоm test dеvе|орmепt and candidate регfогmапсе guагапtее ехрегt сопtепt The геsult is а unique Exam Jоuгпеу in each соuгsе, епsuгiпg еvегу student is геаdу оп exam dау Fгоm skills dеvе|орmепt to exam tаsks, language disсоvегу to геа|-wог|d usаgе, we сгеаtе Ьеttег Iеагпiпg ехрегiепсеs, tоgеthег ... 978-і-іо8-4333 і-о studепt's Book ISBN g78-і-іо8-з8o62-і Studепt'S Book and Оп1іпе WогkЬооk ISBN g78-і-іо8-38і і8 -5 wогkЬооk wіth Audio Download ISBN g78-і-іо8-385g7-8 Теасhег.§ Book wіth DоwпlоаdаЬlе... 30 32 36 40 42 46 50 52 54 58 62 11 О#tоSсhооl 64 12 Gеttiпgагоuпd 68 LIFE SКlLLS Dесisiоп-mаkiпg: Еvаіuаtiпg optionS REvlEw з 13 #NоFiltег 14 Lеt'Sсооk! 0uLТuН[ Sосiа` media 15 City огсоuпtгу?... wіthоut the wгittеп pemission of СаmЬгidgе UпivегSitу РгеsS FiгSt РuЫishеd 20 15 Second Edition 2О ig 20 19 18 і7 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Ргiпtеd in DuЬаі Ьу Огіепtаl РгеsS А catalogue гесотd fог this