Quản lý nhà nước về phát triển nông nghiệp công nghệ cao của chính quyền địa phương cấp tỉnh nghiên cứu tại thành phố hà nội TT TIENG ANH

1 INTRODUCTION Theoretical and practical basis for state management at the provincial level for hitech agricultural development in Hanoi Research background and rationale Hanoi is a particular administrative unit with a natural land area of 3,358.92 km2, a rural area of 2,841.8 km2, and about 10 million people Hanoi always encourages and creates the most favorable conditions for businesses and investors to invest in hi-tech agriculture According to experts, there is a high potential to apply high technology in producing agriculture production However, the development of hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi has not met expectations and is not commensurate with its potential and strengths This issue has been placing an urgent requirement on the state management of hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi Besides, the topic of developing hi-tech agriculture has been attracting the attention of many researchers However, there is still a lack of a systematic theoretical framework on state management, incredibly clarifying the provincial government's role in developing hi-tech agriculture Therefore, I choose the topic "State management on developing hi-tech agricultural at the provincial level- the case of Hanoi" as my doctoral thesis This thesis aims to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of state management in Hanoi to meet the demand for clean and high-quality agricultural products that are provided to citizens and in line with the development orientation of the City Research objectives Main objective: Study on theoretical and practical issues of state management at the provincial level for hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi Specific objectives: Overview theoretical and experimental studies in the world and Vietnam on state management for hi-tech agricultural development, thereby clarifying research gaps; Systematize the theoretical and practical basis of state management at provincial/level for the development of hi-tech agriculture; Clarify the content of state management at the provincial level and the characteristics of Hanoi; Analyze the current situation of state management on the development of hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi; Propose viewpoints, orientations and key solutions to strengthen the state management of hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi Research object and scope of the study: Research object Scope of the study: + Research content: The thesis only focuses on studying aspects of state management for the development of hi-tech agriculture and focuses on the following issues: (1) the Construction and promulgation of plans/programs and policies for the development of hi-tech agriculture, focusing on evaluating the approved plans/programs, not going into the formulation of plans/programs; (2) the Implementation of hi-tech agricultural plannings and policies, only studying the aspect of policy awareness, accessibility and suitability; (3) inspection and supervision, focusing on inspection and supervision activities to correct market failures in the process of implementing policies on developing hi-tech agriculture The thesis does not focus on evaluating the effectiveness, efficiency, accountability, organization, and coordination mechanism of the state management agencies at the provincial level in developing hi-tech agriculture; it does not analyze the factors affecting the growth of hi-tech agriculture The thesis only focuses on analyzing the development dynamics of hi-tech agricultural zones and hi-tech agricultural projects in Hanoi + Research location: Doing research within the administrative boundaries of Hanoi, focusing mainly on the following districts: Dan Phuong, My Duc, Thanh Oai, Gia Lam, Me Linh, Thuong Tin, Quoc Oai, Ung Hoa + Research time: Research period from 2015-2019, orientations and solutions to 2025 with a vision to 2030 Thesis structure: Chapter 1: A literature review of related research papers Chapter 2: Theoretical and practical basis of the state management at the provincial level for the development of hi-tech agriculture Chapter 3: Research methods on state management on hi-tech agricultural development Chapter 4: Practical status of state management on hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi Chapter 5: Solutions to strengthen state management on hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi 3 CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW OF RELATED RESEARCH PAPERS 1.1 Research on hi-tech agricultural development 1.1.1 International research on hi-tech agricultural development Lundmark and Sandstrom (2013) in "Natural resources and regional development theory," Wesley and Peterson (1986) in their book "Agricultural structure and economic adjustment" assessed the factors that contributed to changes in the agricultural economic transition in the United States and described the experience in agricultural economic restructuring in Europe, respectively Heringa et al (2013), in "The economic impact of multifunctional agriculture in Dutch regions: An input-output model" and Alston (2014) in "Agriculture in the Global Economy," studied the prospects for agricultural development in different economies Chmielewska (2009), in "The Problems of Agriculture and Rural Areas in the Process of European Integration," suggested that the primary solution for agricultural development in EU countries is developing multi-sector and multi-production The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2006) introduced the lessons and implications for agriculture and food security in China and India Feder et al (1985), Hoppel (1994), Foster and Roenweing (1996), Kohli Singh (1997), Rogers (2003), and Uaiene (2009) suggested that technology is a decisive factor for the development of hi-tech agriculture Kapur (2018) researched the use of technology in Indian agriculture Senor and Saul (2008), in their paper "start-up nation, the story of Israel's miracle economy," proposed a development model which applying high technology to develop agriculture in Israel Bonzovanni and Lowenberg-Deboer (2004), Silva et al (2007), Frankelius et al (2017) indicated that hi-tech agriculture plays a vital role in developing long-term sustainable agriculture Hallam (2011) also pointed out that many countries, especially emerging economies, increasingly focus on attracting investment in hi-tech agriculture In addition, Tseng and Zebregs (2002), Murakami et al (2007) have shown that infrastructure development attracts more investment in agriculture and hi-tech agriculture 1.1.2 Domestic research on hi-tech agricultural development The Development Strategy Institute - Ministry of Planning and Investment (2016) issued a "Synthetic report on the master plan for socio-economic development of the Northern key economic regions to 2020, with a vision to 2030" Tran (2008), in his research paper on "Sustainable rural development, theoretical issues, and world experiences," approached the theoretical issues and experiences of sustainable rural development from some provinces in Vietnam Pham (2014), in "Hi-tech agriculture is an indispensable requirement for international integration" studied the history of technology application in agricultural production in some countries around the world Nguyen (2017) with "Experience in developing hi-tech agriculture in some countries and lessons for Vietnam," Nguyen and Pham (2017) with "Investing in hi-tech agriculture development: challenges and solutions," Tran (2016) published "Development of high-tech agriculture in our country" on the Communist Magazine, Nguyen (2017) with "Development of high-tech agriculture: problems needed to be solved"; Do (2017) with "Developing hi-tech agriculture: it is difficult for businesses to access preferential policies on " Tran et al (2010), in the topic "Research on investment environment in the field of agriculture and rural areas in Hanoi," mentioned eight solutions to attract investment in agriculture Do and Le (2010) proposed some essential solutions to develop hi-tech agriculture sustainably Pham (2014) and Nguyen (2014) suggested that doing well in production planning will drive businesses to invest in hi-tech agriculture in Khanh Hoa province 1.2 International research on the state management for hi-tech agricultural development Belize (2003) pointed out the limitations of agricultural development in Belize Lars et al (2017), in work "Future agriculture to 2030", gave a view, the orientation of Swedish agricultural development to 2030 in different scenarios Kaaya (1999), Phougat (2006), Samah et al (2009) suggested that to develop agriculture in general and hi-tech agriculture, and the government should pay attention to the role of information technology application Feder et al (1985), Hoppel (1994), Foster and Roenweing (1996), Kohli and Singh (1997), Rogers (2003), Uaiene (2009), Kebede et al (1990), and McNamara, Wetzstein, and Douce (1991) argued that the most critical factors affecting agricultural development are institutions and people While Senor and Saul (2008), in their work "Start-up Nation, the story of Israel's economic miracle," said that the key to success in Israel's agricultural production is the close cooperation of "4 houses" 1.2.2 Domestic research on the state management for hi-tech agricultural development Pham (2014), in his work "hi-tech agriculture is an indispensable requirement for international integration." Vu (2017), with "Building a modern agricultural model in Hai Duong province," Doctoral thesis in economics, pointed out the current state of agricultural development in Hai Duong and compared it with the current criteria of modern agriculture, which affirms the role of the state in orienting and building modern CHAPTER agriculture Trinh (2016), with "Restructuring the agricultural economy in the suburban of Hanoi towards high value, green economy, and sustainable development," has assessed the situation of agricultural development in Hanoi and proposed solutions for sustainable development THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF THE STATE MANAGEMENT AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HITECH AGRICULTURE 1.3 Research gap Studies on the management of the local government for the development of hitech agriculture are still rare and unsystematic The criteria to assess the control of the 2.1 General issues of state management at the provincial level on hi-tech agricultural development local government on developing hi-tech agriculture has not been well developed The access level of people and stakeholders to supported policies has not been clarified Theoretical and practical issues of state management for hi-tech agricultural development by provincial authorities have not been clarified Therefore, to study the state 2.1.1 Hi-tech agriculture and features of hi-tech agricultural development According to the Vietnam Agricultural Encyclopedia, agriculture is a production activity of humans to create food, clothing (cotton, yarn, etc.), housing According to the management of hi-tech agricultural development at the provincial level in Hanoi It is meaningful in both theoretical and practical aspects The thesis will focus on clarifying research gaps in terms of content, methods, and factors affecting state management, Science and Technology Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, hi-tech agriculture is agriculture that applies new and advanced technologies in all stages of the production process to improve efficiency and create a breakthrough in terms of productivity and quality of agricultural products, satisfying the increasing demands of awareness, and benefits of promulgated plans, programs, and policies for the development of hi-tech agriculture The research is conducted in Hanoi as a case study to provide lessons for other provinces in Vietnam society, bringing high profits to producers and ensuring sustainable agricultural development 2.1.2 Objectives, concepts, and requirements of the state management on hi-tech agricultural development at the provincial level The primary function of the state management for hi-tech agricultural development is to clarify development orientations, adjust relationships, assist and overcome market failures The role of the provincial government is reflected through the People's Council and People's Committee The role of the local government in the state management is the purposeful impact of the People's Council and the People's Committee on the subjects in the fields of economic activities in general and hi-tech agriculture activities, in particular, to achieve socio-economic goals in a certain period 2.2 The content of state management on hi-tech agricultural development at the provincial level 2.2.1 Promulgating and disseminating plannings, programs, and policies Planning is the spatial arrangement and distribution of socio-economic, defense and security activities associated with infrastructure development, resource use, and environmental protection in a defined territory to effectively use the country's resources for sustainable development in a certain period 2.2.2 Implementation of planning, programs, and policies Implementation is the process of planning and organizing the plan to achieve the set goals Provincial authorities assign to manage the implementation of plannings, programs, and policies in the locality; incorporation with departments and branches to organize the implementation 2.2.3 Monitoring to promptly correct market failures during the implementation of plans, programs, and policies Monitoring (according to the Vietnamese dictionary) is to examine the practical situation for evaluation and comment Examining is a function of state management that is feedback to the management cycle Through examination, state management agencies can analyze and monitor the implementation of the set management objectives and tasks 2.2.4 Criteria for assessing state management of hi-tech agricultural development (i) criteria to evaluate the development of hi-tech agriculture over time; and (ii) criteria to evaluate the results of state management on hi-tech agricultural development through the promulgation of policies, policy implementation, monitoring, and correcting market failures building infrastructure, regulations, and policies In recent years, the industrial revolution 4.0 has been the inevitable trend of Table 2.1: Criteria for assessing state management of hi-tech agricultural development No Content Criteria Note - Growth of the development of Value of agricultural output over time Criteria on hi-tech hi-tech agriculture Number of hi-tech agriculture projects agricultural Number of hi-tech agriculture models development - Changes in structure and - Share and growth rate of hi-tech growth rate of hi-tech agriculture agricultural output - land area for hi-tech agriculture - Total investment capital for hi-tech agriculture over the years - Performance indicators Criteria reflecting - Criteria on promulgating Number of planned hi-tech agricultural the results of state plannings for hi-tech agricultural zones and areas management on hi- zones tech agricultural -Criteria on Implementation of Percentage of households/cooperatives development hi-tech agricultural development who know the policy - Policy to support infrastructure Percentage of households/cooperatives - Credit and financial support directly benefiting from the policy policy Policy relevance - Land support policy - human resources policy Examining market Administrative procedure reform - Administrative reform index failures and trade promotion - The progress of promoting the consumption of hi-tech agricultural products Source: Author's compilation in 2019 2.3 Factors affecting the state management on hi-tech agricultural development at humanity, including applying science and technology in hi-tech agricultural production It can provide clean, sustainable, and high-quality agricultural products to meet the market's needs and improve production efficiency Therefore, the state management of the provincial government must also focus on agricultural development in the direction of hi-tech agriculture 2.3.2.Factors related to institutions and policy mechanisms The institutions, policies, and laws are essential in formulating and implementing the provincial government's economic development The legal system stipulates the local government's functions, tasks, and roles, which determines the policies and management mechanisms in the locality 2.3.3 Ability and working attitude of officials in state agencies The ability of government officials is reflected in the knowledge and working skills, working time, and creativity to increase labor productivity Knowledge, skills, and working attitudes greatly influence the performance of state management on the development of hi-tech agriculture 2.3.4 The coordination of actors involved in the development of hi-tech agriculture (the state, residents, businesses, and research agencies) The participation and coordination of actors involved in the development of the economic sector is an essential factor in the management of the government at all levels, especially the provincial government 2.3.5 Inputs for hi-tech agricultural development - Land for hi-tech agricultural production - Investment capital in hi-tech agriculture - High-quality human resources: hi-tech agriculture always requires a high-quality workforce to meet exact requirements in all stages, from production to consumption - Market factors: Hi-tech agriculture asks for many strict technical requirements, significant investments, and a high cost of production Therefore, the problem of finding a stable consumption output and meeting the market requirements should be taken care of In 2.3.1 Socio-economic characteristics of the locality and the development trend of science and technology and the agricultural sector addition, the market builds a network of high-quality human resources through training and transfer knowledge to meet the needs of managing hi-tech agricultural production and technical workers for hi-tech agricultural production units The socio-economic of each locality has distinct characteristics that are different from others This is a factor showing the advantages or disadvantages of economic activities, affecting the state management of the provincial government in planning and - Information and technology factors: establishing an online trading floor for agricultural products and developing different types of brokerage, consulting, evaluation, investment, legal, financial, insurance, intellectual property, and research and the provincial level 10 CHAPTER development services to apply in agriculture 2.4 International and domestic Experience in state management on hi-tech agricultural development 2.4.1 experience in state management on hi-tech agricultural development in China The Chinese government plays a vital role in developing various types of hi-tech agriculture, including (1) Completing the organizational structure of the hi-tech agricultural zone: the central zone, performance zone, and spread zone; (2) Promulgating and implementing preferential policies for farmers and hi-tech agricultural enterprises The Chinese government issued many policies and measures with favorable conditions for enterprises and farmers to encourage them to promote agriculture and applying high technology into the production process 2.4.2 Experience in state management on hi-tech agricultural development in Israel Encouraging investment in research and development of new agricultural technologies; cooperation between supporting industries such as transportation, RESEARCH METHODS OF STATE MANAGEMENT ON HI-TECH AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 3.1 Research background 3.1.1 Socio-economic characteristics of Hanoi Hanoi is the political, economic, cultural, scientific, and technical center of Vietnam Hanoi has 30 administrative units, including 12 districts, 17 wards, and town The average annual economic growth rate is 10.7% in the period 2026-2010 and over 7% from 2010 to 2018, of which the agricultural sector contributes 2-3% Table 3.1: Several key socio-economic indicators of Hanoi Indicator Unit GRDP growth rate mechanical engineering, and even defense industry; focusing on training high-quality human resources The government has sent young and intelligent people to study start-up businesses in different fields, including hi-tech agriculture, identifying that agriculture can provide development opportunities 20112015 % 2017 2018 7.15 7.31 7.37 7,4-7,6 7,4-7,6 - Services % + Service industry activities % 6.75 6.68 7.23 7,1-7,3 7,1-7,3 % 6.93 8.11 7.03 8,3-8,4 8,3-8,4 8,5-8,7 8,5-8,7 + Product tax minus product subsidies 2.4.3 experience in state management on hi-tech agricultural development in some Asian countries 2.4.4 experience in state management on hi-tech agricultural development in Ho Chi - Industry - Construction % 8.73 9.47 8.23 + Industry % 7.14 8.53 7.80 + Construction % 13.02 11.88 9.31 Minh city (1) focus on building and operating hi-tech agricultural zones; (2) implementation of preferential policies on land; (3) implementation of investment support policies; (4) remove barriers in accessing finance for enterprises - Agriculture % 3.22 2.19 3.33 % 100 100 100 Economic structure 2.4.5 Experience for Hanoi in state management on hi-tech agricultural development (1) improve the process of planning and formulating the program to develop hitech agriculture; (2) focus on policies to encourage the development of hi-tech agriculture; (3) focus on the Implementation of plannings, programs, and policies; (4) strengthen the work of controlling, evaluating and adjusting plans, programs, and policies for hi-tech agricultural development 100 100 % + Service industry activities % 68.4 68.1 68.1 68-68,2 68-68,2 + Import tax and product tax minus product subsidies % 6.8 6.9 6.8 - Industry - Construction % 22.50 23.00 23.00 31.01 22,923,2 % 2.30 2.58 1,9-2,1 Mobilizing investment capital 67,41 2.00 2.10 6,7-6,9 6,7-6,9 113,00 99.97 107.68 118-120126-129 (4.910) Million Vnd (USD) Annual GRDP per capita 2,5-3,0 2,5-3,0 - Service - Agriculture 2019 Toward Note 2020 2016 social1.000 billion 376,56- 416,001.054,33 278.88 308.22 340.78 Vnd 378,26 417,97 Percentage of communes meeting new rural standards % 52,07 66.1 76.2 83.9 91.7 (Source: Report over the years of Hanoi People's Committee) 3.1.2 Characteristics of agricultural land use in Hanoi 11 12 Table 3.3 Current status of agricultural land use in Hanoi, 01/01/2019 Criteria Area (ha) percentage (%) The total area of agricultural land 195.872 100,0 Land for agriculture production 154.218 78,7 Forest land with forest 22.250 11,4 Aquaculture land 14.207 7,3 5.197 2,7 Other agricultural lands Source: Hanoi Statistical Yearbook, 2020 3.1.3 Demographic and labor characteristics of Hanoi Table 3.5 Population structure, agricultural and rural labor in Hanoi from 2015 to 2019 Year Percentage of the rural Percentage of rural labor Percentage of labor in Factors affecting the state management on hi-tech agricultural development factors related to socio-economic characteristics, development trends of the agricultural sector; Consumption trends, and the development of science and technology Factors related to state management agencies: capacity and attitude of officials; the coordination of actors involved in the development of hitech agriculture Content of state management on hi-tech agricultural development Formulate plannings, programs, and policies Implement plannings, programs, and policies Control the implementation and correct market failures Objectives and results of state management on hitech agricultural development Ensure the Implementation following the policy of the Communist Party and the government on hi-tech agriculture Quantity and scale of hi-tech agricultural development Policy relevance population (%) (%) agriculture (%) 2015 50,9 55,3 19,7 2016 50,8 55,0 17,4 Figure 3.1 Research framework on state management on hi-tech agricultural 2017 50,8 55,9 16,6 development 2018 50,7 56,2 14,2 2019 50,6 55,5 12,1 Source: Hanoi Statistical Yearbook, 2020 3.2 Research approach, methods of data collection, and analysis 3.2.1 Research approach - Systematic approach: Assessing the relationship between state management on hi-tech agricultural development and stakeholders Source: Author's design 3.2.2 Data collection method 3.2.2.1 Secondary data collection: The author designed reporting forms for management units, then synthesized and analyzed them based on hi-tech agricultural development reports 3.2.2.2 Primary data collection: Primary data was collected through interviews and surveys in the following districts: Dan Phuong, My Duc, Thanh Oai, Gia Lam, Me Linh, Thuong Tin, Quoc Oai, Ung Hoa - Institutional approach: clarifying the process of organizing and implementing Table 3.7 Number of in-depth interview samples the policy of hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi to find out the problems No - Policy analysis approach: Focus on the process of policy enactment and policy implementation to point out gaps, deficiencies, and irrationalities - Socio-economic approach: Consider both economic efficiency and social efficiency towards the development of sustainable hi-tech agriculture - Outcome approach: Considered under three main contents as the table below: Interview subject Quantity Officials and experts at departmental, departmental, and district levels Representatives of organizations (enterprises, participating in hi-tech agricultural production Representative of hi-tech agricultural models cooperatives) 13 14 CHAPTER Total 18 PRACTICAL STATUS OF STATE MANAGEMENT ON HI-TECH AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN HANOI Source: Compiled by the author, 2019 Table 3.8 Information about respondents No Surveyed subject Quantity Percentage (%) Head of departments/branches 8% Officials of the City's departments 19 33,3% Officers of the districts 33 58,7% Total number of survey from local management agencies 57 100% 4.1 The development of hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi The study on the development of hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi is presented as follow: Table 4.1: Result comparison on the development of hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi No Enterprise directors 3,2% Chairman and members of cooperatives 18 10,3% Business owner 112 76,2% Model owner 18 10,3% 145 100% Total number of the survey from policy beneficiaries Source: Compiled by the author 3.2.3 Data processing and analysis method - Descriptive statistical method: When design the questionnaire, the author uses a Likert scale from 1-5 to assess the policy relevance, whereas is the lowest point of policy relevance and is the highest point of relevance - 1,8: The relevance is too low 1,81 - 2,6: The relevance is low 2,61 - 3,4: The relevance is moderate 3,41 – 4,2: The relevance is high 4,21 - 5.0: the relevance is very high - Comparative statistical method: This method is used to compare criteria related to the current status of hi-tech agricultural development - The analytical method through survey results: using case study method to analyze typical cases on the results of developing hi-tech agricultural models; the success and the failure of policies to encourage the development of hi-tech agriculture Unit 2008 2018 Average growth rate % - - 2,76% Model 10 123 12,3% % - 25 25,0% Criteria The average growth rate of agricultural, forestry, and fishery value Number of hi-tech agricultural development models The growth rate in the value of hitech agricultural products Million Value of agricultural products/ha 124 239 1,93 Vnd/ha Source: Report on Hanoi's agriculture after ten years of administrative boundary adjustment Table 4.2 Number of agricultural models applying high technology in Hanoi by sector in 2020 Sector Number of models percentage (%) 109 40 15 164 66,5 24,4 9,1 100,0 Crop Breed Aquaculture Total Source: Hanoi Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2020 Table 4.3 Some socio-economic indicators of hi-tech agricultural models surveyed in Hanoi Net Revenue (Billion Vnd/year) Average Highest Lowest Average income (Million Vnd/month) Number of laborers having a stable job Average Highest Lowest Average Highest Lowest Enterprise 80 180 10 18 25 10 10 Cooperative 24 52 23 40 10 10 Source: Compiled from survey data, 2020 The fundamental indicators of surveyed hi-tech agricultural enterprises and 15 16 cooperatives are higher than those of enterprises and cooperatives in agriculture, forestry, and fishery in Hanoi Table 4.4 Net revenue and the average income of employees working in enterprises and cooperatives in the fields of agriculture, forestry, and fishery in Hanoi Source: Compiled according to the report of Hanoi Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2020 Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Average Average net revenue of an enterprise/cooperative (Billion Vnd/year) 3,7 14,0 3,8 7,5 5,6 6,9 Decision No 7110/QD-UBND, dated December 24, 2015, approved the hi-tech agricultural development program in Hanoi for 2016-2020 The average income of the employee (Million Vnd/person/month) Table 4.7 Survey results of enterprises, cooperatives, and residents about planning and program of hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi 4,3 4,0 4,1 4,3 4,4 4,2 No Source: Hanoi Statistical Yearbook, 2020 Along with the development of hi-tech agriculture, the amount of capital invested in hitech agriculture is increasing over the years This is shown in the figure below: Assessing content Be disseminated and aware about the planning/program Be disseminated, aware unaware Relevance level Relevance Irrelevance Others Average point Suggestions for change Need adjustment Keep stable Hi-tech agricultural development planning % Hi-tech agricultural development program % 72,9 27,8 100% 20,0% 38,0% 42,0% 2.25 % 72,0 28,0 93.6 6.4 100% 37,2% 36,8% 33,2% 2.47 % 55,2 44,8 Note Source: Survey results in 2019 Figure 4.2 Amount of capital invested in agriculture, forestry, and fishery in Hanoi during the period 2014-2018 4.2.2 The situation of implementing policies on hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi Source: Hanoi Statistical Yearbook, 2020 4.2 Status of state management on hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi 4.2.2.1 The situation of implementing land-related policies 4.2.1 The situation of promulgating planning, programs, and goals for the development of Table 4.8: Survey results on accessibility to land-related policies for the development of hi-tech agriculture hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi Hanoi authority has issued a master plan on agricultural development, including hi-tech agriculture: No Table 4.5: Planning results of hi-tech agricultural zones/regions in Hanoi Content 2015 2017 2020 Number of planned hi-tech agricultural zones - hi-tech agricultural zone Number of approved hi-tech - plant seed experiment station agricultural programs in Hanoi - aquatic breeding center Number of approved hi-tech agricultural projects and models in 82 106 164 Hanoi Policy awareness No Content Relevance Number Total Number Conclusion of survey Percentage of survey Percentage Assessment about point responses responses (%) (%) relevance yes yes Exemption and reduction policy 145 on land use and land lease Policy on Residents benefit from the policy accumulation and 145 102 70,3% 96 66,2% 2,65 Medium 125 86,2% 65 44,8% 2,41 Low 17 18 Construction of livestock waste treatment works concentration land Planning of concentrated hi145 tech agricultural production zones 100 68,9% 32 22% The general assessment of land support policy 2.51 Low 2,51 Low Source: Survey results in 2019 The survey results show that the relevance of policy on accumulation and concentration land is only at 2,41 assessment points, leading to a general land support policy assessment at the low point with only 2,51 The survey results show that a small percentage of enterprises invested in hi-tech agriculture are aware of the policy; the rate of businesses that have received support from Policy awareness No Content Total Support policy of one-time well145 drilling costs Support policy for the one-time purchase of plant protection drug 145 packaging containers Support policy for one-time 145 Residents benefit from the policy Relevance Number Number Conclusion of survey percentage of survey percentage Assessment about (%) (%) responses responses point relevance yes yes 123 130 82 84,8% 71 48,9% 2,54 Low 89,6% 89 61,3% 3,2 Medium 56,5% 67 46,2% 2,52 Low 55 37,9% 1,75 Very low 78 53,7% 58 40% 2,56 Low 81 55,8% 45 31,0% 2,51 Low 2,56 Low Support policy for tech agriculture in Hanoi Table 4.9 Survey results on the accessibility and relevance of policies to support investment in technical infrastructure for hi-tech agricultural development 60% 87 oxygen enrichment in aquaculture zone 4.2.2.2 The situation of implementing investment policies in infrastructure to develop hi- this policy is still low Furthermore, the assessment level in the relevance of the policy by households and production facilities is low (2.56), while the evaluation score of management officials is very high (4.3 points) This result shows a big difference in the views and feelings of management officials and policy beneficiaries Support policy for one-time 50% of the cost of buying equipment for 145 construction of roads, main canals 145 for water supply and drainage Full financial support to buy building materials 145 according to norms such as cold houses, etc The general assessment of infrastructure support policy Source: Survey results in 2019 19 20 4.2.2.3 The situation of implementing preferential credit policies for businesses to develop hi-tech agriculture Table 4.11: Survey results on the accessibility and suitability of policies to support capital and credit for hi-tech agricultural development Residents benefit from the policy Number Number Total of survey Percentage of survey Percentage responses responses (%) (%) yes yes Policy awareness No Content Policy to support 100% loan interest 34 rate in 36 months for 145 102 70,3% one project Policy to support 100% interest rate in 58 36 months for 145 122 84,1% investment items in processing facilities Policy to support 100% interest rate in 36 months to buy 45 145 125 86,2% machinery and equipment Policy to support capital purchasing plant and livestock 145 115 79,31 55 from agricultural extension funds The general assessment of the credit support policy 23,4% 40% No Content Policy to support 145 demonstration model Residents benefit from the policy 42 28,9% 2.35 Low 2.71 Medium Source: Survey results in 2019 Assessment point 2,2 2,32 Conclusion about relevance 4.2.3 The situation of monitoring and overcoming market failures 4.2.3.1 The situation of improving administrative procedures to develop hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi Low Table 4.13 Survey results on administrative procedures of hi-tech agricultural development policies in Hanoi No Low 37,9% 60% The general assessment of the training policy 31,0% 87 Relevance 2,13 Low Too many administrative procedures Administrative procedures are still complicated Officials of Departments, People's Committees 54,3% 71,4% Policy beneficiaries 75,5% 72,7% Source: Compiled from survey data in 2019 2,43 Low 2,26 Low Source: Survey results in 2019 The survey results show that the relevance of all these policies is rated at a low level of only 2.26 points 2.2.2.4 The situation of implementing policies to support human resource training for the development of hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi Survey results at enterprises, cooperatives, and farms show that few units know about training support policies in hi-tech agriculture Table 4.12 Survey results on accessibility and relevance of training support policies to improve qualifications and technical training Policy awareness technical training Relevance Total Number Percentage Number Percentage Conclusion Assessment of survey of survey about point responses responses (%) (%) relevance yes yes Policy to support vocational training 145 125 86,2% 88 60,6 2,75 Medium Policy to support 145 115 79,3 85 58,62 3.05 Medium Although Hanoi's authorities always focus on administrative reform to improve service quality for residents and attract businesses to invest in economic sectors, the results have not yet been achieved as expected The Provincial Competitiveness Index (PCI) of Hanoi has not had a breakthrough: (1) some indicators are still low, changing slowly; (2) transparency, access to information, and informal fees are still a problem 4.2.3.2 The status of promoting trade and investment in hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi According to the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry (VCCI), the index of business support services to attract investment of Hanoi in the period 2010-2019 is always at a reasonable level and tends to slight growth This is considered one of the positive signs to attract businesses to invest in hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi 4.3 General assessment on the state management of hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi 4.3.1 Major achievement Hanoi authorities have actively developed planning and strategies and promulgated policies to encourage the development of hi-tech agriculture; the planning and policies on hi-tech agricultural development have been organized throughout the City Many policies have initially made positive contributions in removing difficulties for enterprises, cooperatives, and business households to 21 develop hi-tech agriculture Besides, many hi-tech agricultural models have been developed quite well Linking scientists with businesses and farmers initially also had specific results; the activities of consolidating and exchanging agricultural land have been completed 4.3.2 Limitations of state management on hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi The Construction and Implementation of agricultural plannings, including hi-tech agriculture, is still limited and has not met the requirements; slow Implementation of a policy on encouraging the development of agricultural production, value chains, and distribution of agricultural products; Propaganda to disseminate policies to support and develop hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi has not been effective It has not solved the difficulties of enterprises and other agricultural household businesses The plannings on hi-tech agricultural zones have not yet been implemented Many agricultural products have not yet met residents' consumption needs, and training programs for rural labor are still impractical The capacity of government officials in assessment and orientation is still limited; the procedure of inspection and monitoring in Implementation has not been regular 22 CHAPTER SOLUTIONS TO STRENGTHEN STATE MANAGEMENT ON HI-TECH AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN HANOI 5.1 Objectives, viewpoints, and orientations for the development of hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi 5.1.1 Objectives, viewpoints and policies of the Party and State on the development of hi-tech agriculture Agriculture is comprehensively developed toward modernity, producing significant commodities with high productivity, quality, efficiency, and competitiveness, achieving a growth rate of over 3.5%/year 5.1.1.2 Hi-tech agricultural development goals to 2025 and the following years General objective: To restructure the production in hi-tech agriculture, increase productivity and quality, ensure food hygiene and safety, and protect the ecological environment Objectives to 2020 and 2025: The average growth rate of agricultural production value in the period 2016-2020 is 2,06%; agricultural production value per hectare of agricultural land in 2020 will reach 340 million Vnd; the proportion of hi-tech agricultural products in total agricultural production value in 2020 will account for 30% 5.1.2 Viewpoint of state management on hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi Taking science and technology as the driving force to change production process and agricultural economic structure towards developing hi-tech agriculture Besides, making a balanced development between economic efficiency, social efficiency, and environmental efficiency Encouraging businesses, especially enterprises, to participate in the development of hi-tech agriculture 5.2 Some critical solutions to strengthen state management on hi-tech agricultural development 5.2.1 Reviewing master plans, strategies, and programs on agricultural development and hi-tech agriculture 5.2.1.1 Improving the quality of planning and strengthen the effectiveness of state management on the agricultural sector Improve the capacity of planning staff about planning, orientation, and solutions for planning consulting units 5.2.1.2 Specific planning solutions (1) For the crop sector: Review and complete the planning for each type of crop in the City's area in association with the planning on development of agriculture and hightech agriculture, implement the restructuring of crops according to high value and 23 24 sustainable direction (2) For the livestock sector: To comply with the planning on the City's cattle and poultry slaughtering system (3) For the aquaculture sector: Review and re-evaluate existing hatcheries and invest in upgrading breeding facilities In addition, to build establishments for preliminary processing and production processing of aquatic The development of hi-tech agriculture requires high qualified human resources Therefore, it is necessary to develop appropriate training plans and contents for each agricultural sector 5.2.5.3 Science and technology solutions products in concentrated aquaculture areas It is needed to prioritize the development of high technology, clean technology, and biotechnology; Research and transfers knowledge in processing, post-harvest preservation, food quality, and safety inspection; Prioritizing investment, summarizing 5.2.2 Completing mechanisms and policies to create favorable for the development of hi-tech agriculture It is needed to promote the development of hi-tech agriculture following the defined objectives Focus on completing land, credit, and market development policies and implementing policies to support training labor and employment and encourage applying high technology in producing exported agricultural products 5.2.3 Solutions for Implementation of plans, programs, and policies on hi-tech agricultural development (1) Focusing on timely and effective Implementation of plannings and policies to encourage the development of agricultural production (2) Replicating hi-tech agricultural models with effective mechanisms and policies to form large-scale and hi-tech production areas (3) Strengthening management, consolidating, supporting, improving product quality and efficiency, and helping cooperatives apply high technology into agricultural production (4) Strengthening the extensive propaganda work among residents about the central government and local government policies 5.2.4 Solutions to control and overcome market failures (1) Encouraging activities of inspecting and supervising the Implementation of hitech agricultural development plans, programs, and policies People's Councils issue annual plans, organize and supervise the Implementation of planning, programs, and policies on hi-tech agricultural development (2) Review the implementation results of the planning, programs, and policies to identify limitations and propose adjustments and supplements accordingly and strengthen administrative reform, simplifying procedures so that business establishments and farmers can access policies more efficiently 5.2.5 Other solutions 5.2.5.1 Solutions on promoting the economic linkages between Hanoi's agriculture and the agriculture of other provinces in the Red River Delta Focusing on promoting propaganda, raising awareness and understanding about economic linkages between Hanoi's agriculture and other provinces in the Red River Delta; improving the role of state management in the development of agricultural links between Hanoi and other regions; promoting linkages between producers, processors, and consumers on hi-tech agricultural products in Hanoi and other provinces 5.2.5.2 Solutions for human resource training practical models of high technology in agriculture; Increase the amount of direct investment in science and technology; Improving the qualifications of government officials and completing policies for science and technology research and transfer centers 5.3 Recommendations to the Central Government and relevant Ministries Research and amend the Land Law to remove difficulties and inadequacies in the current land use management Proposing to the Central Government and the Prime Minister to adjust the flood distribution planning in the river basins flowing through Hanoi following current practice to serve as a basis for formulating the agricultural development planning Pay attention and have the policy to regulate the City's revenue (from 35% to 42%) to implement the agricultural development program; build hi-tech agricultural zones approved by the Prime Minister; promote the implementation of investment projects in Hanoi that have been planned and approved by the Central Government 25 CONCLUSION Hi-tech agricultural development is becoming an inevitable trend because it plays a vital role in sustainable agricultural development in the long term The role of state management is critical to the development of hi-tech agriculture through orienting plans and supports to promote hi-tech agricultural production The thesis has achieved the set goals by researching the state management on hi-tech agricultural development at the provincial level in Hanoi The thesis has reviewed research works on state management of hi-tech agricultural development, the role of the state in the development of hi-tech agriculture, and programs and policies to encourage the development of hi-tech agriculture in the world and some provinces in Vietnam Thereby clarifying theoretical and practical issues in the state management for the development of hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi; systematizing the theoretical and practical basis, and the theoretical framework of the state management on hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi (programs and planning establishment, policies promulgation; Implementation, inspection, and supervision) The thesis also clarified the factors affecting the state management on hi-tech agriculture; analyzed and assessed the state management on hi-tech agricultural development in Hanoi in recent years; found out the successes, shortcomings, limitations, and causes that hinder cause difficulties for the development of hi-tech agriculture in Hanoi The thesis proposes viewpoints, orientations, and solutions to promote hi-tech agricultural production in Hanoi until 2025 and the following years Besides, the thesis also suggests that the local government should pay attention to planning, establishing mechanisms and policies, attracting and investing in science and technology, training to improve government officials' capacity who promote the development of hi-tech agriculture, implementing policy enforcement, and some other solutions  ... increasingly focus on attracting investment in hi-tech agriculture In addition, Tseng and Zebregs (2002), Murakami et al (2007) have shown that infrastructure development attracts more investment... People's Council and People's Committee The role of the local government in the state management is the purposeful impact of the People's Council and the People's Committee on the subjects in the fields... support services to attract investment of Hanoi in the period 2010-2019 is always at a reasonable level and tends to slight growth This is considered one of the positive signs to attract businesses