Sơ lược về chữ Hán, phương pháp giảng dạy chữ Hán. 汉字是汉语的记录符号，它已有六千年左右的历史，是世界上最古老的文字之一。 关于汉字的起源，中国古代文献上有种种说法，如“结绳记事”、“八卦符号”、“图画”、“书契”等，古书上还普遍记载有黄帝史官仓颉造字的传说。现代学者认为，成系统的文字工具,不可能完全都由一个人创造出来，仓颉如果确有其人，应该是文字整理者或者是颁布者。
汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 1.汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉汉汉”汉“汉汉汉汉”汉“汉汉”汉“汉汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉,汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 2.汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 2.1.汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 2.2.汉汉 汉汉汉汉“汉汉汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 2.3.汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 2.4.汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉 2.5.汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉”汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉”汉 2.6.汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 2.7.汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉“汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉2015 汉 3.汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉”汉汉汉汉 “汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉”汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉,“汉汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 3.1.汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 3.2.汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 3.3.汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 3.4.汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉”汉“汉”汉汉“汉”汉汉 “汉”汉“汉”汉汉“汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 3.5.汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉” 汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 3.6.汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉”汉汉“汉”汉汉 “汉汉”汉汉“汉”汉“汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 4.汉汉汉汉汉 4.1.汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 a汉b汉c 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 4.2.汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉汉”汉 4.3.汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 4.4.汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 4.5.汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 4.6.汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉“汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉汉 (汉 zhǔ)”汉“汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 zhù汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 85%汉汉汉 5.汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 400 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 1200 汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉”汉“汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉”汉“汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉”汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 6.汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉汉”汉汉 “汉汉汉汉汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 1956 汉 汉 31 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 7.汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉——汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉”汉汉汉“汉”汉“汉”汉汉汉“汉”汉“汉”汉汉汉“汉”汉1945 汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉 1.汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 2.汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 3.汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 3.1.汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 3.2.汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉汉汉汉汉汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 3.3.汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉 4.以以以以以以以以以以以以以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以“以”以以以以以以以 16 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以 以以以以以以以“以”以以以以“以—以— 以— 以— 以” 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以“以以以以以”以以以以以以以以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以“以—以—以—以”以“以—以”以“以—以—以”以以以以以以以以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以“以—以”“以—以”以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以“以以”以“以以”以“以 以”以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以 以以“以”以以以以以以以以, 以以以以以以以以“以”以“以”以以以以以以, 以以“以”以以以以以以, 以“以”以以以以以以以以;“以”以以以以以以以“以”以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以 以以以以以以以以以“以”以以以以以以以以以以以以“以以以以以以以”以以以以以以以以以以以以以 “以”以“以以以以以以以以以”以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以“以以以以 以以以以以以以”以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以 5.汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 5.1.汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 5.2.汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉汉汉”汉“汉汉汉汉汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉 5.3.汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉”汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 “汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 5.4.汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 5.5.汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 5.6.汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉 汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉汉汉汉汉”汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉汉“汉汉汉汉汉”汉 小小 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以 小小小小 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以2004 以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以2001 以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以2017 以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以2015 以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以2018 以 以以以以以以以以以以 以以以以以以以以以以以以以2021 以 以以以以“以以”以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以以 以 2021 以