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Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh Methods on the indicators of refined sugar Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh Sample Sample preparation The quality of the sugar is determined by batch uniformity Taken form packaging units ( bags,…) in the consignment at different locations Sample treatment Mix the sample well and spread it on a tray or clean paper in a flat rectangular layer Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh TARGETS 01 Pol 02 Polarity measurement method Reducing sugars Bertrand 03 Conductive ash 05 Weight loss on drying 04 method Hagedorn- Color degree Jensen Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh 01 POL Principle Tools and chemicals Conduct Result Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh Principle Algebrauc sum of the major efects of sucrose content in the converted sample due to the presence of other optically active substances and due to the cleaning procedure Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh Chemicals Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh Tools Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh Conduct Standardversion as axetat Fiter the solution 2 Sample solution : suger Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh Conduct Determination of pol Record data Calibrator calibration and temperature correction Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh 02 Reducing sugars Principle Tools and chemicals Conduct Result Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh E471 indicator methods 25 Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh Production batch Packaging No packaging Take it at random Take the orginal samples Own model Take the orginal samples General form Sample mean Analysis sample Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh TARGETS 01 03 Water 02 Karl Fischer method Free Glycerol Molecular absorption spectrometry method 05 04 Acid index Method Wijs Soap Molecular absorption spectrometry method Lead Atomic absorption spectroscopy after microwave decomposition Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh 01 Water Principle Tools and chemicals Conduct Result Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh Principle Karl Fisher reagent is brown, when combined with water in the test it becomes colorless Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh Chemistri • • • • • • Metanol 2- methoxy etanol Pyridin Karl Fisher Natri tartrat dihydrat Natri siliat Tools Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh Conduct Determine the equivalent water content in Kart Fisher’s solution Titration by color change method at the equivalence point Electrometric titration Faculty of Chemical Engineering Result Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh M1: volume of water given to standard (ml) V1: volume of Karl Fisher reagent used in the titration ( ml) Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh 02 Acid index ( method Wijs ) Tools and chemistry Principle Dissolve the test portion in the solvent and add Wijs reagent After the specified time, add potassium iodide solution and water, titrate the liberated iodine with sodium thiosulfate standard solution • • • • • • Water Kali iodua Natri thiosulfat Starch • • • • Conical 500ml Analytical balance Pipet 25ml Buret 25, 50 Solvent: xyclohexan(50ml) + axit axetic(50ml) Wijs reagent Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh Conduct Weigh the sample Conduct Titration 25ml Wijs reagent Natri thiosulfate=> yellow loss 20ml kali iodua Starch=> lost blue 150 ml water Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh Result V1: volume of sodium thiosulfate solution ( blank test) V2: voliume of sodium thiosulfate solytion c: concentration of sodium thiosulfate solution m: weigh sample Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh 03, 04 Free Glycerol,Soap Principle Tools and chemistry Oil Decompose soap with sulfuric acid and extract fatty acids with ligh Axit sulfuric 25g/ l petroleum Oxidize the free dlycerol remaining in the aqueous p Axit sulfuric 980g/l hase by periodic acid to formic acid and formaldehyde Natri cromotopic SnCl2 Glycerol Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh Conduct • • • • • Standard sample preparation Sample prepatation Calibration Spectrometry Construct the standard curve Result stock standard solution Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh 05 Lead Principle The products are decomposed with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide under hight pressure in microwave oven The hydrolysate solution is diluted with water Lead and cadmium were Tools and chemistry HNO3 0.1M, 3M H2O2 30% mass Stock standard solution: Zn( 1mg/ml), Cu( 1mg/ml), Fe(1mg/ml) determium by GFAAS Micro wave Teft decomposition flask Funnel Oven Analytical balance Faculty of Chemical Engineering Team: F&F, Supervisor: Dr Mac Thi Ha Thanh Conduct • • • Result Decompose Dilution Alomic absorption a: Standard solution concentration b: concentration of test solution Df: dilution factor