Cau tructiep gian tiep

Những thay đổi trong lời nói Trực và Gián tiếp: 2.1 Đổi thì của câu: Thì của các động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo một nguyên tắc chung là lùi về quá khứ các thì xuống cấp: T[r]

I Structure Giới thiệu: Trong lời nói trực tiếp, chúng ta ghi lại chính xác từ, ngữ người nói dùng Lời nói trực tiếp thường thể bởi: các dấu ngoặc kép " " - tức là lời nói đó đặt dấu ngoặc Ví dụ: 1- He said, “I learn English” 2- "I love you," she said Những thay đổi lời nói Trực và Gián tiếp: 2.1 Đổi thì câu: Thì các động từ lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo nguyên tắc chung là lùi quá khứ (các thì xuống cấp): Thì Lời nói trực tiếp - Hiện đơn - Hiện tiếp diễn - Hiện hoàn thành - Hiện hoàn thành TD - Quá khứ đơn - Quá khứ hoàn thành - Tương lai đơn - Tương lai TD - Is/am/are going to - Can/may/must Thì Lời nói gián tiếp - Quá khứ đơn - Quá khứ tiếp diễn - Quá khứ hoàn thành - Quá khứ hoàn thành TD - Quá khứ hoàn thành - Quá khứ hoàn thành (không đổi) - Tương lai quá khứ - Tương lai TD quá khứ - Was/were going to - Could/might/had to Hãy xem ví dụ sau đây: He does He is doing He has done He has been doing He did He was doing He had done He will He did He was doing He has done He had been doing He had done He had been doing He had done He would He will be doing He would be doing He will have done He would have He may done He may be doing He might He can He might be doing He can have done He could He must do/have to He could have done He had to 2.2 Các thay đổi khác: a Thay đổi Đại từ Các đại từ nhân xưng và đại sở hữu chuyển từ lời nóitr ực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi bảng sau: ĐẠI TỪ CHỨC NĂNG Đại từ nhân xưng Chủ ngữ Tân ngữ Đại từ sở hữu Phẩm định Định danh TRỰC TIẾP GIÁN TIẾP I he, she we they you they me him, her us them you them my his, her our their your their mine his, her ours theirs yours theirs Ngoài quy tắc chung các thay đổi đại từ nêu trên đây, người học cần chú ý đến các thay đổi khác liên quan đến vị trí tương đối người đóng vai trò thuật lại các ví dụ sau đây: Ví dụ: Jane, "Tom, you should listen to me." + Jane tự thuật lại lời mình: I told Tom that he should listen to me + Người khác thuật lại lời nói Jane Jane told Tom that he should listen to her + Người khác thuật lại cho Tom nghe: Jane told you that he should listen to her + Tom thuật lại lời nói Jane Jane told me that I should listen to her b Các thay đổi trạng từ không gian và thời gian: Trực tiếp Gián tiếp This That That That These Those Here There Now Then Today That day Ago Before Tomorrow The next day / the following day The day after tomorrow In two day’s time / two days after Yesterday The day before / the previous day The day before Two day before yesterday The following week Next week The previous week / the week Last week before Last year The previous year / the year before Ví dụ: Trực tiếp: "I saw the school-boy here in this room today." Gián tiếp: She said that she had seen the school-boy there in that room that day Trực tiếp: "I will read these letters now." Gián tiếp: She said that she would read those letters then Ngoài quy tắc chung trên dây, người học cần tình thật và thời gian hành động thuật lại đóng vai trò quan trọng chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp Câu hỏi lời nói gián tiếp: Câu hỏi lời nói gián tiếp chia làm loại: 3.1 Câu hỏi bắt đầu với các trợ động từ: Ta thêm If/whether Ví dụ: Trực tiếp: "Does John understand music?" he asked Gián tiếp: He asked if/whether John understood music 3.2 Câu hỏi bắt đầu who, whom, what, which, where, when, why, how: Các từ để hỏi trên giữ nguyên câu gián tiếp: Trực tiếp: "What is your name?" he asked Gián tiếp: He asked me what my name was 3.3 Các dạng đặc biệt câu hỏi lời nói gián tiếp a Shall/ would dùng để diễn t ả đề nghi, lời mời: Ví dụ: Trực tiếp: "Shall I bring you some tea?" he asked Gián tiếp: He offered to bring me some tea Trực tiếp: "Shall we meet at the theatre?" he asked Gián tiếp: He suggested meeting at the theatre b Will/would dùng để diễn tả yêu cầu: Ví dụ: Trực tiếp: Will you help me, please? Gián tiếp: He ashed me to help him Trực tiếp: Will you lend me your dictionary? Gián tiếp: He asked me to lend him my dictionary c Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu lời nói gián tiếp Ví dụ: Trực tiếp: Go away! Gián tiếp: He told me/The boys to go away Trực tiếp: Listen to me, please Gián tiếp: He asked me to listen to him d Câu cảm thán lời nói gián tiếp Ví dụ: Trực tiếp: What a lovely dress! Tuỳ theo xúc cảm và hình thức diễn đạt, chúng ta có thể dùng nhiều hình thức khác sau: Gián tiếp: She exclaimed that the dress was lovely She exclaimed that the dress was a lovely once She exclaimed with admiration at the sight of the dress e Các hình thức hỗn hợp lời nói gián tiếp Lời nói trực tiếp có thể bao gồm nhiều hình thức hỗn hợp: câu khẳng định, câu hỏi, câu mệnh lệnh, câu cảm thán: Ví dụ: Trực tiếp: She said, "can you play the piano?” and I said”no” Gián tiếp: She asked me if could play the piano and I said that I could not II Exercises Bài Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same 1.”If I were you, I wouldn’t buy this car” -> He advised 2.”Shall I carry your suicase, Lan?”said Nam -> Nam offered 3.”Yes, all right, I’ll share the food with you, Dave.” -> Ann agreed 4.”Sue, can you remember to buy some bread?” -> Paul reminded 5.”Don’t touch anything in this room”, the man said to the children -> The man ordered 6.”I must go home to make the dinner”, said Mary -> Mary 7.”Are you going to Ho Chi Minh City next week?”Tom asked me -> Tom asked 8.”Have you finished your homework?”Mom asked -> Mom asked if 9.She said to me:”I can’t it by myself” -> She told me that 10.”Does your brother live in London,Nam?”Lan asked -> Lan wanted to know if 11.”Don’t repeat this mistake again.”his father warned him -> His father warned him 12.”Give me a smile,”The photographer said to me -> The 13.”Don’t leave these book on the table” ,the librarian said to the students -> The librarian told the students 14.”Have you travelled abroad much?”he asked me -> He 15.”Who has written this note?” the boss asked the secretary -> The boss asked 16.”I have just received a postcard from my sister,”my friend said to me -> My friend told me 17.”This story happened long ago”he said -> He said Câu "Don't repeat this mistake again!" the instructor warned the sports¬man "Leave your address with the secretary," the assistant said to me "Phone to me for an answer tomorrow” the manager said to the client "Don't be so silly," the father said to the kid "Give a smile," the photographer said to me "Please, help me to make a decision," Ann asked her friend "Don't leave these books on the table, put them back on the shelf," the librarian said to the student "Be a good girl and sit quietly for five minutes," the nurse said to the child "Leave your things here," my companion advised me 10 "Don't discuss this question now," said the chairman to the participants Câu "Will it be safe to stay in the mountains for the night if the weather doesn't change for the better?" we asked the guide The porter said to me, "I'll wake you up, when the train arrives in Leeds." My wife said to me: "While you are away, I'll the packing." "Don't leave until I phone you," he asked me "After he leaves hospital, they'll take him to the South," the doctor said "They'll wait for the fisherman to return until it gets dark," the local man explained to me As soon as I hear from him, I'll let you know," my neighbour said to me I’ll live in town till my husband returns from the expedition and when he returns, we'll go to the seaside together," she said The mother said to her son, "Sit still, please." 10 John said to his friend, "Come and spend a week with us." Câu "Have you travelled abroad much?" he asked me "Who has written this note?" the boss asked the secretary "I've just received a postcard from my sister," my friend said to me "The students also took part in arranging the conference," the chair¬man said "Have you been here long?" the stranger asked me "Did you really see this happen with your own eyes?" the policeman asked the boy "I hope they will have taken a decision by the end of the meeting," she remarked "Did you watch the detective film on TV yesterday?" he asked her "This story happened long ago," he said, "and few people remember anything about it." 10 "I haven't read so interesting a book since I don't remember when," she said Câu Tom said to the girl: "When did you have this picture taken?" "Shall we go somewhere for a cup of coffee after class?" Tom said John said to Mary, "Why don't you wear your hair a little longer." "Would you like another cup of tea?" the landlady said to the guest My sister said to me, "What about going to see Aunt Mary on Sunday?" She asked me, "Have you ever seen a flying saucer?" James said: "Do you want me to type this letter for you?" Alfred said to John, "I didn't use your cassette player! Someone else did, not me." Father said, "I was the superintendent while this school was being built." 10 The woman said, "If I had a gas stove, it would save me a lot of time." Câu Jane said to Bill, “When you expect to finish your assignment?" The man said to the boy: "Can you show me the way to the bank?" Fred asked the postman: "Are there any letters for me today?" Henry said to the librarian, "How many books can I borrow at a time?" John asked his friend, "How did you manage to know my phone number?" “These old buildings might have already disappeared by the time I am back next year?" he said The boys said to the old woman: "What can we to help you?" The guests said to the doorman: "Where should we leave our coats?" Tom asked his brother: "Why did you advise them to go sight-seeing on foot?" 10 I asked the children: "Who took away the magazines from my desk?"