De cuong on tap Tanh 9 KH2 1516

Mệnh đề không xác định non-defining là mệnh đề không cần thiết phải có để làm chức năng giới hạn danh từ đứng trước nó, nghĩa là bản thân danh từ trước nó đã rõ... mệnh đề này thường dùn[r]

ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HỌC KÌ II MÔN ANH VĂN UNIT 6: THE ENVIRONMENT I ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS (Tính từ và trạng từ): a Adjectives (tính từ): - Tính từ đứng trước danh từ để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đó Ex: It is a white shirt - Tính từ theo sau số động từ như: to be, seem, keep, look, feel, taste, sound, smell, get, become … Ex: - She is intelligent - He looks happy b Adverbs(trạng từ) Ex: He is a good student He studies well => Trạng từ có chức bổ nghĩa cho động từ thường Eg: - She spoke softly - He runs fast - She answered me coldly - It is terribly hot today - The little girl was badly treated * Cách thành lập trạng từ thể cách: Tính từ + ly ® Trạng từ bad + ly ® badly slow + ly -> slowly happy + ly ® happily * Một số trường hợp ngoại lệ: good ® well early ® early late ® late hard ® hard fast ® fast * Một số tính từ tận cùng là "ly" friendly: thân thiện; lovely: dễ thương ; likely: chắn; lonely: cô dơn lively: sống động; silly: ngốc, ngớ ngẫn; ugly: xấu xí II ADVERB CLAUSES OF REASON: Các mệnh đề trạng ngữ lý Mệnh đề trạng ngữ lý bắt đầu bằng: Because / Since / As nói lên lý việc thể qua mệnh đề chính Hai mệnh đề câu có thể đổi chổ cho Ex: Ba is tired because / since / as he stayed up late watching TV Form: S + V … + because / since / as + S + V III ADJECTIVE + THAT CLAUSE: Ex: I am pleased that you are working hard adj that-clause Form: S + to be + Adjective + That + S + V Trong đó “that-clause” bổ sung nghĩa cho adjective; mang nghĩa “rằng, là, mà” UNIT 7: SAVING ENERGY I CONNECTIVES: (các từ nối): and, but, because, or, so, therefore, however Từ nối có chức nối các từ, các mệnh đề, các câu lại với Ex: I’d love to play volleyball but I have to complete an assignment - And( và): dùng thêm thông tin Eg:His father is a doctor and he works in hospital - Or( hoặc): diễn tả lựa chọn Eg: Do you study Maths or Chemistry? - But(nhưng): nối hai ý tương phản Eg: He is fat but his brother isn’t - So(do đó, vì thế): diễn tả hậu Eg: He is busy, so he can’t help you - Therefore(do đó) đồng nghĩa với So, hậu Eg: He is busy; therefore he can’t help you *Khác với So: Therefore - có thể theo sau dấu phẩy(,) dấu chấm phẩy(;) dấu chấm câu(.) - However(Tuy nhiên): diễn tả tương phản, đồng nghĩa với But, luôn nối liền hai mệnh đề Eg: He’s over seventy; however, he’s still active It’s raining hard; the game is, however, going on II PHRASAL VERBS (Các cụm động từ): turn off (tắt), turn on (mở, bật), look for (tìm, kiếm), look after (trông nom, chăm sóc), look for (tìm kiếm), go on (tiếp tục) III Making Suggestions (Đưa lời đề nghị) SUGGEST + V-ING: ← Ex: I suggest collecting some money SUGGEST + (that) + S + should +V: Ex: I suggest (that) you should speak English in class UNIT 8: CELEBRATIONS I RELATIVE CLAUSES (Các mệnh đề quan hệ) Mệnh đề xác định (defining) là mệnh đề cần thiết để làm rõ nghĩa danh từ đứng trước nó Mệnh đề này không có dấu phảy trước và sau nó Ex: I don’t know the girl who/that you met yesterday Mệnh đề không xác định (non-defining) là mệnh đề không cần thiết phải có để làm chức giới hạn danh từ đứng trước nó, nghĩa là thân danh từ trước nó đã rõ Vì mệnh đề này thường dùng sau danh từ riêng, sở hữu tính từ các tính từ định (phải có dấu phẩy trước và sau mệnh đề) Ex: Mr Pike, who is my neighbor, is very nice (không dùng that) Đại từ quan hệ: Who, Whom, Which, That, Whose Chức Chủ ngữ Tân ngữ Sở hữu Chỉ người Who Whom Whose Chỉ vật Which Which Of which/whose II ADVERB CLAUSES OF CONCESSION (Các mệnh đề trạng ngữ nhượng bộ): although / even though / though + clause: mặc dù / cho dù Ex: Although they were tired, they continued working Form: S + V … + though/ although/ even though + S + V in spite of / despite + noun / noun phrase: Ex: In spite of / Despite heavy traffic, he arrived on time UNIT 9: NATURAL DISASTERS Grammar: Relative pronouns (continued) UNIT 10 : LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS I MAY / MIGHT: Diễn tả khả có thể xảy ra, không chắn lắm: MAY / MIGHT + V (bare infinitive) Ex: What is in this box? - It may / might be a watch * Note: May có vẻ chắn Might chút MAY / MIGHT+ BE + V-ING (có thể làm gì) Ex: Where’s Jim? He may/ might be doing his homework * Note: Khi diễn tả chắn, ta dùng must / have to + V-inf Ex: What’s that? It must be a star MAY NOT / MIGHT NOT là dạng phủ định may / might MAY / MIGHT diễn tả khả không chắn tương lai Ex: He may / might come tomorrow MAY có thể dùng để xin phép và cho phép: Ex: May I go out? Yes, you may II CONDITIONAL SENTENCES Câu điều kiện là câu có mệnh đề đó có mệnh đề phụ (mệnh đề điều kiện bắt đầu IF) và mệnh đề chính (chỉ kết quả) TYPE (Câu điều kiện loại 1) Ex: If we pollute the water, we will have no fresh water to use Nói đến khả có thể xảy ra, thành thực tương lai Câu điều kiện thông thường có phần: - Phần nêu lên điều kiện bắt đầu với IF ta gọi là mệnh đề điều kiện (If Clause) Nếu mệnh đề if viết trước thì phải có dấu phẩy - Phần nêu lên kết gọi là mệnh đề chính (Main Clause) IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE Verb in Simple Present (Hiện Tại Đơn) Verb in Simple Future (Tương lai đơn) If + S + V (s/es) + O S + will + V (bare infinitive) + O TYPE (Câu điều kiện loại 2) Ex: If I were you, I wouldn’t that (Thật tôi không thể nào là bạn được.) IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE Simple Past (Quá Khứ Simple Conditional Đơn) S + would/ could/ should/ might + V (bare If + S + V(ed/ c.2/ were) infinitive) + O +O => Diễn tả điều kiện không có thật Notes: If …not = Unless (nếu … không, trừ phi) Cách đổi mệnh đề If sang Unless: Thể phủ định -> khẳng định (mệnh đề chính không đổi) Thể khẳng định -> khẳng định (đổi động từ mệnh đề chính sang thể ngược lại) Ex: If you don’t study hard, you will fail the exam -> Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam If I have time, I will help you -> Unless I have time, I will not (won’t) help you PHẦN 2: BÀI TẬP THAM KHẢO B.RELATIVE CLAUSES I) Combine these pairs of sentences,using who,which,where and whose He met many friends The friends encouraged him in his work He often tells me about his village He was born there Can you understand the question? He asked toy the question last time The man is an architect We play with his son every day The city was very beautiful We spent our vacation in that city The train broke down twice on the way It arrived two hours late I stopped in a small town My sister was working there The book was rather difficult I gave him that book The picture has been stolen You were talking about it 10.She is the girl I bought these roses for her II) Read the first sentence, and then complete the second sentence with the same meaning If someone doesn’t put the coal in, the fire will go out Unless …………………………………………………………………………………… You may get hungry on the train, so take some sandwiches In ………………………………………………………………………………………… In spite of not speaking Vietnamese, Mr Anderson decided to settle in Ha Noi Although ……………………………………………………………………………… All visitors to the town falls in love with it Everyone who ………………………………………………………………………… We don’t see our grandparents very often because they live so far away If ………………………………………………………………………………………… They decided to go out It rained heavily (Although) …………………………………………………………………………………………… Why don’t we go to school by bike instead of motorbike to save energy? ( I suggest) …………………………………………………………………… …………………… He can’t buy that bike because he doesn’t have enough money (If) …………………………………………………………………………………………… The flowers are rose I bought them for my mother (which) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 The boy is standing near the tree He is my brother ( who) Complete the passage, using the words in the box which - raw sewerage – spills - polluted - waste - marine life - without - garbage Our oceans are becoming extremely (1) _ Most of this pollution comes from the land that means it come from people First, there is (2) _ which is pumped directly into the sea Many countries, both developed and developing, are guilty of doing this Secondly, ships drop about six million tons of (3) _ into the sea each year Thirdly, there are oil (4) _ from ships A ship has an accident and oil leaks from the vessel This not only pollutes the water, but it also kills (5) _ Next, there are waste materials from factories, (6) _ proper regulation, factory owners let the (7) _ run directly into the rivers, (8) _ then leads to the sea And finally, oil is washed from the land This can be the result of carelessness or a deliberate dumping of waste Fill in the each blank with the correct form of the word in parentheses: Ex: You must be careful when you open that door (care) Some people think that gods create ……………………eruption (volcano) Their ……………………has lasted a lifetime (friend) We must learn about keeping environment ………………………… (polluted) Environment ………………………… is everybody’s responsibility (protect) Scientists are looking for an …………………way to reduce energy consumptions (effect) ………………………… is now a serious problem in many countries (forest) Can you tell me the reasons for ………………………… the Mother’s Day? (celebrate) Passover of the Jewish people is a festival which celebrates ……………from slavery (free) I’m very ………………………… of my father and love him so much (pride) 10 The earthquake caused terrible ………………………… (destroy) 11 Thousands of people were ………………………… killed in that morning (disaster) 12 I’m afraid of the picture which shows a violent ………………………… (erupt) Fill each gap in the sentences with a suitable word from the box: Bulb, Santa Claus, funnel, Polluted, electricity, Halloween, drought, Auld Lang Syne ………………………… air can cause illness and even death We have to change the …………………………, it has gone Do you know next week is …………………………? It’s on October 31 Do you prefer cooking with …………………………or gas ………………………… visits children and brings them presents on Christmas’ Eve A tornado looks like a big, dark …………………… coming from the bottom of a storm cloud ………………………… is a song that is sung on New Year’s Eve There is no rain for two months The ……… makes land so dry that farmers cannot grow anything II Complete the sentences below with appropriate adjectives or adverbs Using the adjectives or adverbs in the box careful fast hot badly late far beutifully sure He behaved surprisingly ………………… at the party Oh, he’s running very ………………… I can’t catch up with him Is your school ………………… from here? – No, it’s just a short distance away You say that Mark is a ………………… driver? I can’t agree with you less I was ………………that he was having some trouble with his boss The room is ………………… decorated for Christmas The weather is getting …………………in the summer He got up so ………………… that he missed the bus this morning III Rewrite the following sentences, using adjective + that clause Everyone enjoyed the picnic We were delighted ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Ann missed the match Peter was disappointed ………………………………………………………………………………………………… I go to DALAT I’m excited ……………………………………………………………………………………………… I’ve not phoned you I’m disappointed ……………………………………………………………………………………………… George was waiting to meet me I was pleased ………………………………………………………………………………………………… IV Make sentences, using the words given Using adj + that clause Her parents / be worried / she / come home / late / yesterday evening ………………………………………………………………………………………………… She / proud / she / win / race ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Children / happy / their / parents / buy / them / toys ………………………………………………………………………………………………… I / sorry / I / break / bike ……………………………………………………………………………………………… I/ amazed/ she/ win the first prize ………………………………………………………………………………………………… V Choose the suitable connectives to complete sentences: Ba got wet (so / because / but) he forgot his umbrella It’s raining, (so / because / however) I can’t go to the beach Nam is very tired (However / There fore / Although), he has to finish his homework before going to bed Hoa didn’t pass her Math test (However / Therefore / Though) she had to the test again I’d like to play soccer with you (and / but / or) I have to finish my homework first The Australians enjoy Christmas (and / but / although) Christmas season is in summer He likes playing chess (or / and / so) watching TV Hurry up (and / but / or) we’ll be late for the bus