- Một số trạng từ dùng như từ nối để nối hai mệnh đề hoặc câu độc lập: hence do đó, however tuy nhiên, furthermore hơn nữa, moreover hơn nữa, therefore vì vậy, nevertheless tuy nhiên, me[r]
(1)Period 1: PRONOUN (ĐẠI TỪ ) Preparing date:05/04/2016 Teaching date : 11/04/2016 Week I Objectives: Educational aim: By the end of this lesson, students can understand & use pronouns Knowledge: - General knowledge: Students learn about pronouns - Language: knowledge grammar about pronouns - New words: words related pronouns Skills: Pronoucing pronouns II Method: integrated, mainly communicative III Teaching aids: coppied papers * Đại từ nghi vấn: who, whose, whom, … - What + be …like? Dùng hỏi tính cách, tính chất Ex: What was the exam like? – It was very difficult What is David like? – He is very sociable - What does he / she / it …look like? Dùng hỏi vẻ bên ngoài Ex: What does she look like? – She is tall - What about + V-ing = How about + V-ing …? Đưa gợi ý đề nghị - Which (nào, cái nào, người nào) Ex: Which is your favourite subject? Ex: Which of these photos would you - Which of + determiner + N (plural) like? - Which of + pronoun W Which of us is going to the washing-up? Note: + Which lựa chọn số lượng có giới hạn There’s fruit juice, coffee and tea Which will you have? + What dùng có lựa chọn rộng rãi What would you like to drink? * Đại từ phân bổ: - All (tất cả): có thể là chủ ngữ, tân ngữ bổ ngữ All were eager to leave I’ll all I can Wallet, ticket and a bunch of keys, that’s all in his pocket - All of + determiner + N (plural/uncountable) + V(plural/singular) - All of us / you / them + V (plural) All (of) my friends like reading All of the money has been spent I’m going to invite all of you - All of + N (singular) = the whole I’ve eaten all of the cake = I’ve eaten the whole cake - Most (phần lớn, hầu hết) (2) - Most + determiner + N + V(plural/singular) other - Most of us / you / them + V (plural) Most of the people here know each He spends most of his free time in the library Most of us enjoy shopping - Each (mỗi) - Each of + determiner + N (plural) + V(singular) - Each of us / you / them + V (singular) * Đại từ hỗ tương: là đại từ mối quan hệ qua lại hai nhiều người vật với nhau, gồm each other và one another (nhau, lẫn nhau) Sue and Ann don’t like each other / one another They sat for two hours without talking to each other / one another Không dùng each other sau các từ meet, marry và similar They married in 1990 (not: They married each other.) Period 2: NOUN (DANH TỪ ) Preparing date:05/04/2016 Teaching date : 11/04/2016 Week I Objectives: Educational aim: By the end of this lesson, students can understand & use nouns in English Knowledge: - General knowledge: Students learn about nouns - Language: knowledge grammar about nouns - New words: words related nouns Skills: Pronoucing nouns II Method: integrated, mainly communicative III Teaching aids: coppied papers - là danh từ gồm hai nhiều từ kết hợp với Danh từ ghép có thể viết thành hai từ riêng biệt, có gạch ngang hai từ kết hợp thành từ Ex: world peace, non-stop train, writing-table - cách thành lập danh từ ghép: a Danh từ + danh từ (Noun + noun) toothpick (tăm) schoolboy tennis ball bus driver river bank b Tính từ + danh từ (Adjective + Noun) quicksilver (thủy ngân) greenhouse (nhà kính) blackbird (chim két) c Danh từ + danh động từ (Noun + gerund): loại công việc weigh-lifting (cử tạ) fruit-picking (việc hái quả) coal-mining (việc khai thác than) d Danh động từ + danh từ (Gerund + noun) waiting-room (phòng chờ) swimming pool (hồ bơi) driving licence (bằng lái xe) washing-machine (máy giặt) e Các trường hợp khác: - Tính từ + động từ: whitewash (nước vôi) (3) - Động từ + danh từ: pickpocket (tên móc túi) - Trạng từ + động từ: outbreak (sự bùng nổ) - Động từ + trạng từ: breakdown (sự suy sụp) - Danh từ + giới từ: passer-by (khách qua đường), looker-on (người xem) - Danh từ + tính từ: secretary-general (tổng thư ký, tổng bí thư) 2.2 Danh từ số nhiều từ có nguồn gốc từ tiếng Hy Lạp Latin: Số ít bacterium curriculum Số nhiều bacteria curricula datum criterion phenomenon basis crisis analysis hypothesis data criteria phenomena bases crises analyses hypotheses Nghĩa vi khuẩn chương trình giảng dạy kiện tiêu chuẩn tượng tảng khủng hoảng phân tích giả thuyết 2.3 Danh từ Nouns: Danh từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau: a Chủ ngữ câu ( S ) b Sau tính từ tính từ sở hữu ( adj + N, her/ his/ my/ their/ ‘s ……… + N ) c Sau mạo từ: a/ an/ the ( a/ an/ the + adj + noun ) d Sau giới từ: ( of, in, on, from, to, about, with ) e Sau từ số lượng ( a few/ little, some, any, much, most… f Các phụ tố danh từ: AR, ER, OR, ION, ING, MENT, DOM, HOOD, ISM, ESS, TY, ITY, ANT, CE, - Một số từ có số nhiều bất qui tắc: child – children foot – feet goose – geese ox – oxen man – men mouse – mice fish - fish tooth – teeth woman – women sheep – sheep deer Period 3: SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT (SỰ HÒA HỢP ĐỘNG TỪ ) Preparing date:10/04/2016 Teaching date : 15/04/2016 Week I Objectives: Educational aim: By the end of this lesson, students can understand & use subject & verb agreement in English Knowledge: - General knowledge: Students learn about subject & verb agreement - Language: knowledge grammar about subject & verb agreement (4) - New words: words related subject & verb agreement Skills: Pronoucing subject & verb agreement II Method: integrated, mainly communicative III Teaching aids: coppied papers 1/ SỐ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ: - Số thập phân, phân số, đo lường + động từ số ít Three quarters of a ton is too much - All, some, plenty + of + danh từ số ít động từ số ít - Half, part, a lot, + of + danh từ số nhiều động từ số nhiều Some of the milk was sour A lot of my friends want to emigrate - No + danh từ số ít động từ số ít - No + danh từ số nhiều động từ số nhiều No people think alike No student has finished their assigmnet 2/ TỪ CHỈ SỐ LƯỢNG Với danh từ đếm Với danh từ không đếm dược - some / any (một vài) - some / any (một ít) - many - much - a large number of - a large amount of - a great number of - a great deal of - plenty of - plenty of - a lot of / lots of - lot of / lots of - few / a few - little / a little - every / each - several (nhiều) - some: dùng câu khẳng định, câu yêu cầu, lời mời, lời đề nghỉ - any: dùng câu phủ định, nghi vấn - many, much dùng câu phủ định, nghi vấn - a lot of, plenty of, a great number of … dùng câu khẳng định - many, much luôn dùng câu khẳng định có các từ very, too, so, as - few, little (ít, không nhiều): thường có nghĩa phủ định, ít không đủ để dùng - a few / a little (một vài, ít): thường có nghĩa khẳng định, ít đủ để dùng He drank so much wine that he felt sick Would you like some more coffee? We haven’t got any butter There aren’t any chairs in the room Hurry up! There is little time Let’s go and have a drink We have got a little time before the train leaves A any of, each of, neither of, either of, none of + danh từ số nhiều, chúng ta có thể sử dụng động I don’t hink any of them knows (or know) where the money is hidden (5) B từ số ít động từ số nhiều Tuy nhiên, chúng ta nên chia động từ số ít văn viết tiếng Anh Neither of the French athletes has (or have) won this year a/the majority of, a number of, a lot of, plenty of, all (of), some (of) + danh từ số nhiều, ta chia động từ số nhiều, chúng ta nói the number of thì chia động từ số ít A number of refugees have been turned back at the border The number of books in the library has risen to over five million any of, none of, the majority of, a lot of, plenty of, all (of), some (of) + danh từ không đếm được, ta sử dụng động từ số ít All the furniture was destroyed in the fire each và every + danh từ số ít, chia động từ số ít Each adult and child has to pay to enter the showroom Every boy and girl likes presents anyone, nobody, no one, somebody, everybody, everyone, everything,(và từ tương tự bắt đầu any-, some-, và no-) chúng ta chia động từ số ít Practically everyone thinks that Judith should be given the job Khi hai hay nhiều chủ ngữ nối với “or”, “neither … nor”, “either … or”, hay “not … but” thì động từ chia theo chủ ngữ đứng gần Neither the boy nor the men were here Not only the students but also the teacher was late Khi chủ ngữ tách “all but”, “both … and” thì động từ chia số nhiều All but Encik Huzaini have left Both Tina and Ana enjoy singing Hai danh từ nối với chữ ‘and’ Khi hai danh từ nối với chữ ‘and’ thì thông thường là dùng số nhiều, với các trường hợp sau thì lại dùng số ít: Khi chúng cùng người một món ăn Đối với người thì dấu hiệu nhận biết cùng người là danh từ thứ không có ‘the’ Jean and David are moving back to Australia The professor and the secretary are tired (ông giáo sư và người thư kí là người khác nhau) nhiên: The professor and secretary is tired (ông giáo sư kiêm thư kí, người) Đối với món ăn thì phải dịch theo nghĩa Salt and peper is … (muối tiêu) Bread and meat is … (bánh mì thịt) (6) The saucer and cup is … (tách và dĩa, xem bộ) Meat pie and peas is … (bánh nhân thịt đậu) Fish and chips is … (cá và khoai tây rán, món ăn kèm với thành món Anh) Research and development is … (hay còn viết là R and D là các hoạt động nghiên cứu và phát triển lĩnh vực kinh doanh) … Phép cộng thì dùng số ít Two and three is five C Nếu chủ ngữ có: Hai danh từ nối các chữ or, nor, but also thì động từ chia theo danh từ ở phía sau Neither the President nor his representatives are to attend the meeting Các danh từ nối as well as, with, together with, in addition to, no less thì chia theo danh từ ở phía trước She as well as I likes reading books (chia theo she) Hai danh từ nối chữ ‘of’ thì chia theo danh từ ở phía trước danh từ phía trước là none, some, all, most, majority, enough, minority, half, phân số,… thì phải chia theo danh từ ở phía sau The study of science is … (chia theo study) Some of the students are … (nhìn trước chữ of gặp some nên chia theo chữ phía sau là students Most of the water is … ( trước chữ of là most nên chia theo danh từ phía sau là water) Lưu ý: Nếu các chữ trên đứng mình thì phải suy nghĩ xem nó là đại diện cho danh từ nào, danh từ đó đếm thì chia động từ số nhiều, ngược lại chia ở số ít The majority think that … (đa số nghĩ rằng, để suy nghĩ thì phải là danh từ đếm (người) cho nên phải dụng số nhiều Gặp các đại từ sở hữu mine, his, hers thì phải xét xem cái gì người đó và nó là số ít hay số nhiều Give me your scissors Mine are very old Với từ there / here thì chia theo danh từ ở phía sau động từ chính There is a book There are two books D Sau phần trăm (%) chúng ta sử dụng động từ số ít: (percent = per cent) (7) An inflation rate of only percent makes a big difference to exports Around 10 percent of the forest is destroyed each year Tuy nhiên cụm từ percent of + danh từ số nhiều, chia động từ số nhiều E I would say that about 50 percent of the houses need major repairs Of those interviewed, only 20 percent (=of people interviewed) admit to smoking Các trường hợp luôn luôn dùng ở số ít Chủ từ là động từ nguyên mẫu có to động từ thêm ing: Learning English is not too difficult Chủ từ là mệnh đề danh từ Why he did not come is still a secret Chủ từ là tựa đề Dấu hiệu nhận biết là nó viết ngoặc kép “War and Peace” is a classic literary work of humankind Exercise Complete the sentences with either is/are or has/have If both singular and plural forms are possible, write them both A number of shoppers ……… complained about the price increases I can assure you that everything ………… perfectly safe Either of the dentists ……… available Which one you want to see? The majority of primary school teachers ………… women Each of Susan’s colleagues ………… sent her a personal letter of support Although some people find cricket boring, each match ……… different We’ve got two cars, but neither of them ……… particularly new All of the office staff ………… agreed to work late tonight to get the job finished A lot of the pollution ………… caused by the paper factory on the edge of town 10 None of the TV programmes ……… worth watching tonight 11 Researchers have reported that neither of the so-called ‘environmentally friendly’ fuels …………… less damaging than petrol and diesel 12 I hope everyone ……… a good holiday See you next term 13 The number of pupils in school with reading difficulties ………… fallen this year 14 Some people ………… the strangest hobbies My brother collects bottles 15 None of the information ………… particularly useful to me Period 4: CỌNJUNCTIONS (LIÊN TỪ ) Preparing date:10/04/2016 (8) Teaching date : 15/04/2016 Week I Objectives: Educational aim: By the end of this lesson, students can understand & use some cọnjunctions in English Knowledge: - General knowledge: Students learn about cọnjunctions - Language: knowledge grammar about cọnjunctions - New words: words related cọnjunctions Skills: Pronoucing cọnjunctions II Method: integrated, mainly communicative III Teaching aids:, coppied papers LIÊN TỪ (Conjunctions) a Liên từ kết hợp: dùng để nối từ, cụm từ mệnh đề độc lập có cùng chức ngữ pháp: and, but, or, nor, so, yet (tuy nhiên, nhưng), for (vì) The new method is simple, yet effective I told her to leave, for I was very tired - Liên từ tương quan: not only … but also, both … and, either … or, neither … nor, whether …or (có … hay), Peter neither spoke nor did anything I have not decided whether to travel abroad or buy a new car - Một số trạng từ dùng từ nối để nối hai mệnh đề câu độc lập: hence (do đó), however (tuy nhiên), furthermore (hơn nữa), moreover (hơn nữa), therefore (vì vậy), nevertheless (tuy nhiên), meanwhile (trong đó), otherwise (nếu không thì, kẻo), consequently (vì vậy, cho nên) I had better write it down, otherwise I will forget it We must be early; otherwise we won’t get a seat b Liên từ phụ thuộc: nối mệnh đề phụ với mệnh đề chính: after, before, since, when, whenever, while, until, till, as, where, wherever, because, so that, in order that, although, though, even though, even if, unless, in case, provided / providing that, supposed / supposing that, as if, as though, as long as (miễn là,với điều kiện là)… - besides (giới từ): bên cạnh Besides + Nound / pronoun / V-ing Besides doing the cooking, I look after the garden - besides (trạng từ): ngoài ra, đứng trước mệnh đề I can’t go now I am too busy Besides my passport is out of date - in spite of the fact that / despite the fact that + S + V - reason why + S + V: lý The reason why grass is green was a mystery to the little boy - reason for + Noun: lý The reason for the disaster was engine failure, not human error EXERCISE The sky was gray and cloudy , we went to the beach (9) A Consequently B Nevertheless C Even though D In spite of I turned on the fan the room was hot A due to B despite C even though D because Sam and I will meet you at the restaurant tonight we can find a baby-sitter A although B unless C otherwise D only if Carol showed up for the meeting I asked her not to be there A even though B despite C provided that D because You must lend me the money for the trip , I won’t be able to go A Consequently B Nevertheless C Otherwise D Although The road will remain safe the flood washes out the bridge A as long as B unless C providing that D since The roles of men and women were not the same in ancient Greece For example, men were both participants and spectators in the ancient Olympics Women, were forbidden to attend or participate A nevertheless B on the other hand C therefore D otherwise The windows were all left open _, the room was a real mess after the windstorm A Nevertheless B However C Consequently D Otherwise It looks like they’re going to succeed their present difficulties A despite B because of C even though D yet 10 Marge is an honest person, I still wonder whether she’s telling the truth about the incident A In spite of B Since C Though D In the event that 11 The professor told me that I was doing well, my final grade was awful! A so B therefore C in spite of D yet 12 Beth has a new car, she no longer takes the commuter train to work She drives to work every day A Now that B While C Although D In case 13 You’d better give me your answer quickly, I’ll withdraw the invitation A although B nevertheless C even though D or else 14 What time you expect Ted to be home? I must talk to him I usually go to bed around ten, but tell him to call me tonight it’s past midnight A however B in case C even if D as long as 15 you’re going to the fruit market, would you please pick up a few apples for me? A Even if B Although C So D As long as 16 I guess I’m a soft touch I just lent Jan some money for lunch she never paid me back my last loan A even though B unless C or else D only if 17 I think I did okay in my speech last night _ I’d had almost no sleep for 24 hours A even B in spite of C unless D despite the fact that 18 I asked Angela to run the office while I’m gone _ I know I can depend on her A unless B since C although D therefore 19 I heard the telephone ring, I didn’t answer it A Because B Only if C Even though D Provided that 20 the salary meets my expectations I will accept the job offer (10) A Due to B Even if C Provided that D Unless 21 To power their inventions, people have made use of natural energy sources, _ coal, oil, water, and steam A in addition to B as C and they use D such as 22 excellent art museums, Moscow has a world-famous baler company A Because of B In spite of C In case of D In addition to 23 Alex cannot express himself clearly and correctly in writing He will never advance in his job he improves his language skills A otherwise B if C only if D unless 24 there was no electricity, I was able to read because I had a candle A Unless B Even though C Even D Only if 25 A fire must have a readily available supply of oxygen it will stop burning A Consequently B Furthermore C Otherwise D However 26 I studied Spanish for four years in high school , I had trouble talking with people when I was traveling in Spain A Therefore B On the other hand C Moreover D Nevertheless 27 I am afraid that the company is in deep trouble , we are going to make some people redundant A Therefore B However C But D And 28 I like to keep the windows open at night no matter how cold it gets My wife, , prefers a warm bedroom with all windows tightly shut A nevertheless B consequently C on the other hand D moreover 29 Some fish can survive only in salt water, other species can live only in fresh water A whereas B unless C if D since 30 Jason because famous, he has ignored his old friends He shouldn’t that A If B Ever since C Even though D Due to Duyệt tổ phó Tân an ,ngày 09 tháng năm 2016 Nguyễn Duy Tuấn Period 5: TENSES (THÌ ) Preparing date:10/04/2016 Teaching date : 18/04/2016 Week I Objectives: Educational aim: By the end of this lesson, students can understand & use correct tenses in English Knowledge: (11) - General knowledge: Students learn about tenses - Language: knowledge grammar about tenses - New words: words related tenses Skills: Pronoucing tenses II Method: integrated, mainly communicative III Teaching aids:, coppied papers A/Trình tự thì mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian Main Clause A/ PRESENT Simple Present Adverbial clause Meaning (when) Simple Present Simple Present (while) Present Continuous Simple Present ( before) Present Perfect Customary activity (thói quen, thông lệ) Emphasize the continuous nature of the activity Emphasize the completion of the activity Present Perfect B/ FUTURE Simple Future (since) Simple Past PRESENT (until/ as soon as/ when ) Simple Present Simple Future (when/ as soon as / after) Present Emphasize the Perfect completion of the activity Future Perfect (when/ by the time /before) Simple Present Future (when, at the time) Continuous Simple Present C/ PAST PAST Simple Past (whenever / when) Simple Past Customary activity (thói quen, thông lệ) in the past Past Continuous (when) Simple Past Simple Past (while, when, as) Past Continuous Past Continuous (while) Past Continuous Two or more actions happen at the same time in the past Simple Past (after / when/ as soon as) Past Perfect Past Perfect (before/ when) Simple Past B/Transformation tense started / began + to-V / V-ing + time ago S + have / has + V3 + since / for time S + have / has + been V-ing + since / for + time (12) S + have / has + not + V3 + since / for + time S + last + V2 + time ago It’s + time + since + S + V2 The last time + S + V2 + was + time ago S + have / has + never / not + V3 + before This / It is the first time + S + have / has + V3 When + did + S + start/ begin + V-ing? How long + have /has + S + V3? 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 EXERCISE Jack (look) forward to his vacation next June I (have) no trouble with my english lessons up to now Mr and Mrs Brown (be) _ in New York for months Michael (work) 38 hours a week At present, that author (write) _ a novel George (do) good work in this class so far The weather( generally, get) hot in July You must wake her up She (sleep) soundly for 10 hours Listen! I (think) someone (knock) at the front door How long (you learn) English? That student (know) all the new words very well now Alice (lose) her Vietnamese-English dictionary Fred (just, graduate) from Oxford University The earth (circle) the sun once every 365 days That grandfather clock (stand) there for as long as I can remember That brown briefcase (belong) to Dr.Rice Jim (work) on his report this year Robert (wait) for you since noon That museum (stand) _ here for ceturies The sun (get) very hot during the afternoon Tom (buy) _ a new car next week The boys and girls (go) _ home after this lesson Davis (play) football every afternoon Up to the present, we (write) almost every lesson in this book They (go) home after they (finish) their work He (do) _ nothing before he (see) _ me He (thank) me for what I (do) for him I (be) sorry that I (hurt) him After they (go) , I (sit) down and (rest) When I (arrive), the dinner (already, begin) My friend (not see) me for many years when I (meet) last week He (learn) English before he (leave) for England In England, he soon (remember) all he (learn) They (tell) him they (not meet) him before Andrew (do) the test before so he (find) it very easy.S You (wear) your new hat when I (met) you yesterday As I (cut) the glass, it suddenly (break) into two pieces A burglar (break) into the house while we (watch) television They (drink) small cups of coffee after they (finish) dinner It was midnight Outside it (rain) very hard 13 When he (arrive) at the station, his train already (leave) 14 I a lot of badminton recently A play B have played C am playing D was playing 15 When I home, everyone TV A got/watch B got/watching C get/was watch D got/was watching 16 We your mother for ages A don’t see B haven’t seen C didn’t see D hadn’t seen 17 London a lot since we first to live here A changed/came B has changed/ came C had changed/ came D has changed/ come 18 How many times you this film? – The first time (13) A have/seen B did/see C do/see D had/seen 19 Who’s that? I never him before in my life A am/seeing B had/seen C have/seen D was/seeing 20 My sister married three times A is B was C has been D had been 21 We our plan next week A started B will start C have started D will have started 22 They a house by June next year A will build B are building C have built D will have built 23 When we came to the stadium, the match A already begins B had already begun C already began D have already begun 24 It was the first time I such a beautiful girl A ever saw B had ever seen C have ever seen D ever see 25 She English when she was six years old A learned B has learned C is learning D had learned 26 I don’t remember where and when I her A meet B had met C met D have met 27 They to know each other for more than ten years A get B got C have got D had got 28 you that film yet? A Do/see B Have/seen C Did/see D Had/seen 29 I the film with my friends last week A watched B watch C have watched D had watched 30 He up at five every morning A is getting B got C gets D was getting 31 she in Hue at the moment? A Does/live B Is/living C Did/live D Was/living 32 He usually her at weekend but now he _ in bed because of his severe illness A visits/stays B visits/staying C visited/stays D visits/is staying 33 Don’t make noise, children! Parents A sleep B are sleeping C were sleeping D slept 34 Why you often so much noise in the house? A do/make B did/make C are/making D were/making 35 What he before you came? A does/do B had/do C had/done D has/done 36 While mum was watching TV, I my homework A, am doing B was doing C had done D has done 37 At this time yesterday I to music A listened B had listened C was listening D am listening 38 When I a little girl, I used to climb trees and go swimming in the river with my friends A am B was C have been D had been 39 How long you novels? A have/write B do/write C have/written D are/writing 40 you sometimes out with friends? A Are/going B Do/go C Have/gone D Did/go 41 I a lot of badminton recently A play B have played C am playing D was playing 42 When I home, everyone TV A got/watch B got/watching C get/was watch D got/was watching Period 6: WISH /IF (MỆNH ĐỀ WISH /IF ) Preparing date:15/04/2016 Teaching date : 20/04/2016 Week I Objectives: Educational aim: By the end of this lesson, students can understand & use correct If /Wish in English Knowledge: - General knowledge: Students learn about If /Wish - Language: knowledge grammar about If /Wish (14) - New words: words related If /Wish Skills: Pronoucing If /Wish II Method: integrated, mainly communicative III Teaching aids:, coppied papers CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN) A Conditional sentences type (Loại 1) If – clause Main clause Present: S + V(s/es) Future: S + Will + V(bare) Diễn tả điều kiên có thể xảy ở tương lai B Conditional sentences type (Loại 2) If – clause Main clause Past simple: S + Ved/2 Would + V(bare) Diễn tả điều kiên không có thật ở C Conditional sentences type (Loại 3) If – clause Main clause Past perfect: S + Had + Ved/3 Would have + Ved/3 Diễn tả điều kiên không có thật ở quá khứ Ghi chú: - Unless = if… not - Mixed conditional sentence type II & III: If + S + had(n’t) + V3, S + would(n’t) + Vbare - Ta có thể diễn tả câu điều kiện loại và cách đảo ngữ mà không cần dùng If - Cách viết lại câu với IF Xác định mệnh đề IF và mệnh đề CHÍNH Mệnh đề nguyên nhân sx là mệnh đề IF, mệnh đề kết là mệnh đề CHÍNH Mệnh đề sau BECAUSE là mệnh đề If Mệnh đề sau SO, THAT WHY là mệnh đề chính Xác định loại câu điều kiện Nếu thì câu ở tương lai đưa câu điều kiện loại Nếu thì câu ở đưa câu điều kiện loại Nếu thì câu ở quá khứ đưa câu điều kiện loại Đối với Mixed conditional sentence type II & III thì xét theo mệnh đề Đổi thể : Khi viết lại cần đổi thể tưng mệnh đề (Thể khẳng định thể phủ định và ngược lại) D Wish and if Only (Câu mong ước) Loại Wish or if only Ước cho tương lai S + wish + (that) + S + would + V(bare) Ước điều trái với S + wish + (that) + S + Ved/2 Ước điều trái với quá S + wish + (that) + S + had + Ved/3 khứ could have + Ved/3 Ghi chú: Cách viết lại câu Wish hay IF only tương tự cách viết lại câu với If có bước He didn’t look a lot better because he didn’t shave more often If She was ill She didn’t go to work If It was raining all morning We didn’t go out If (15) He was tired He made a mistake If Peter didn’t write to me I didn’t write to him If He wants to make a great fortune He wishes She won’t visit me again I wish It was silly of me not to buy that dress I wish I’m sorry I told him about it I wish 10 John didn’t take your advice He wishes 11 She isn’t a millionaires She wishes 12 I regret going to the party last night It was very boring I wish 13 He can’t swim He wishes 14 You’re making a lot of noise I wish 15 The washing machine broke down and I didn’t know how to repair it I wish 16 He’s sorry that he isn’t strong enough He wishes 17 She was disappointed that the thief had stolen the picture She wishes 18 I’m sorry that I don’t live near my factory I wish 19 They’re sorry they didn’t book their seats They wish 20 It’s pity he didn’t work hard He wishes 21 I’d like Tom to drive more slowly He wishes 22 I’m sorry I don’t know his address I wish 23 He spent much money on his expensive holidays and he regretted it He wishes EXERCISE 3: MULTIPLE CHOICE I …………………… a job easily if I……… …… a degree A could get/ have B can get/ had C could get/ had D can get/ had had The whole machine ………………… into pieces if you……… that screw quickly A felt/ remove B will fall/ removed C would fall/ removed D would fall/ remove More tourists …………… to this country unless it……… a better climate A would come/ had B wouldn’t come/ had C wouldn’t come/ didn’t have D would come/ didn’t have If you …………… your car into the river, you………………… able to get out A drive/ weren’t B drove/ wouldn’t be C drove/ will be D drive/ wouldn’t be He………………………… a lot better if he more often years back A would have looked/ shaved B will look/ shaved C looks/ shave D would have looked/ had shaved If you……………… for lower stakes, you so much A plays/ would lose B play/ will have been losing C played/ won’t lose D had played/ wouldn’t have lost She not open the door unless she………………… who it was A will/ knew B will/ knows C would/ knew D does/ knows If I a typewriter now, I……………….……… this contract by myself A have/ would type B have/ will type C had/ would type D had had/ would have typed Unless I a quiet room, I………………not be able to any work A had/ will B have/ will C has/ would have D had had/ would have 10 If I tell you a secret, ……………… you promise not to tell it to anyone else? (16) A would B did C will D have 11 Unless you more careful, you………………… an accident A are/ will have B were/ will have C had been/ would have D be/ have 12 If he………… my car more carefully, I him $10 A washes/ would give B washes/ will give C washed/ will give D washes/ would have given 13 I very angry if he………… any more mistakes A am/ made B were/ made C would be/ makes D will be/ makes 14 If he…………… late, we without him A comes/ would go B comes/ will go C had come/ would go D came/ will go 15 If we the car here, it……… …… in anybody’s way A leave/ will be B leaves/will be C left/ will be D had left/ will be 16 He late for the train if he……… … at once A would be/ doesn’t start B will be/ doesn’t start C would have been/ didn’t start D is / hadn’t started 17 If you late, they…………………… you in A arrive/ would not let B arrived/ wouldn’t let C had arrived/ wouldn’t let D to arrive/ would not let 18 The table if you…………………… on it A will collapse/ stand B would collapse/ stand C would have collapsed/ stood D collapses/ had stood 19 If he………………… all those fruits, he sick A eat / will get B eats/ will get C had eaten/ would get D ate/ would have got 20 If I your passport, I………… ……… you at once A found/ will telephone B find/ would telephone C had found/ would have telephone D find/ will telephone Period 7: ADVERBIAL CLAUSE (MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ ) Preparing date:15/04/2016 Teaching date : 23/04/2016 Week I Objectives: Educational aim: By the end of this lesson, students can understand & use correct adverbial clause in English Knowledge: - General knowledge: Students learn about adverbial clause - Language: knowledge grammar about adverbial clause - New words: words related adverbial clause Skills: Pronoucing adverbial clause II Method: integrated, mainly communicative III Teaching aids:, coppied papers Adverbial Clauses of Time When He was talking on the phone when I arrived (17) When she called, he had already eaten lunch I washed the dishes when my daughter fell asleep We'll go to lunch when you come to visit 'When' means 'at that moment, at that time, etc ‘Notice the different tenses used in relationship to the clause beginning with when It is important to remember that 'when' takes either the simple past OR the present Punctuation When an adverb clause begins the sentence use a comma to separate the two clauses Example: As soon as he arrives, we will have some lunch When the adverb clause finishes the sentence there is no need for a comma Example: He gave me a call when he arrived in town Before We will finish before he arrives She (had) left before I telephoned 'Before' means 'before that moment' It is important to remember that 'before' takes either the simple past OR the present After We will finish after he comes She ate after I (had) left 'After' means 'after that moment' It is important to remember that 'after' takes the present for future events and the past OR past perfect for past events While, as She began cooking while I was finishing my homework As I was finishing my homework, she began cooking 'While' and 'as' mean 'during that time' 'While' and 'as' are both usually used with the past continuous because the meaning of 'during that time' which indicates an action in progress By the time By the time he finished, I had cooked dinner We will have finished our homework by the time they arrive 'By the time' expresses the idea that one event has been completed before another It is important to notice the use of the past perfect for past events and future perfect for future events in the main clause This is because of the idea of something happening up to another point in time Until, till We waited until he finished his homework I'll wait till you finish 'Until' and 'till' express 'up to that time' We use either the simple present or simple past with 'until' and 'till' 'Till' is usually only used in spoken English Since I have played tennis since I was a young boy They have worked here since 1987 'Since' means 'from that time' We use the present perfect (continuous) with 'since' 'Since' can also be used with a specific point in time As soon as/ Once He will let us know as soon as he decides (or as soon as he has decided) As soon as I hear from Tom, I will give you a telephone call Once I have a chance, I will throw you an ice ball 'As soon as' means 'when something happens - immediately afterwards' 'As soon as' is very similar to 'when' it emphasizes that the event will occur immediately after the other We usually use the simple present for future events, although present perfect can also be used (18) NOTE: No sooner … than … or hardly/scarcely/barely …when is used in the meaning of As soon as…but when the sentence starts with them, that part is used in “inversion” like the question form and in the past perfect tense Examples: As soon as I entered the room, I noticed her No sooner had I entered the room than I noticed her Hardly had I entered the room when I noticed her As soon as he approached the house, the policeman stopped him No sooner had he approached the house than the policeman stopped him Hardly had he approached the house when the policeman stopped him 23 he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came A Hardly had B No sooner had C No longer has D Not until had Whenever, every time Whenever he comes, we go to have lunch at "Dick's" We take a hike every time he visits Whenever/Every time Susan feels nervous, she chews her nails 'Whenever' and 'every time' mean 'each time something happens' We use the simple present (or the simple past in the past) because 'whenever' and 'every time' express habitual action The first, second, third, fourth etc., next, last time The first time I went to New York, I was intimidated by the city I saw Jack the last time I went to San Francisco The second time I played tennis, I began to have fun The first, second, third, fourth etc., next, last time means 'that specific time' We can use these forms to be more specific about which time of a number of times something happened PART B: EXERCISES A CHOOSE THE BEST CHOICE: Lan has learnt English since she _ a small girl A is B was C has been D had been Don’t go anywhere until I _ back A come B came C will come D am coming Before cars _, people _ horses and bicycles A were discovered/ had used B discovering/ had used C had discovered/ used D discovered/ had used I am going to speak with the boss when the meeting _ A will end B ends C is ending D would end When we _ him tomorrow, we will remind him of that A will see B see C am seeing D saw When he comes, I _ her the news A tell B will tell C would tell D would have told When the police came, they _ A are fighting B fought C would be fighting D were fighting Before she came to England, she _ English A studied B will study C had studied D was studying I have lost touch with him _ He left for London A as soon as B after C before D since 10 My mother is washing the dishes _ my father is watching television A when B while C as D since 11 _, I will give him the report A When he will return B When he returns (19) C Until he will return D No sooner he returns 12 _ the firemen arrived to help, we had already put out the fire A Until B No sooner C By the time D After 13 I have earned my own living _ I was seven A since B when C while D as soon as 14 We saw many beautiful birds _ in the lake A when we are fishing B while fishing C while fished D fishing 15 _, Peter came to see me A While having dinner B While I was having dinner C When having dinner D When lam having dinner 16 _ my homework, I went to bed A After I had finished B After finished C Finished D After had finished 17 _ the dance, Jerry said good-bye to his girlfriend A Before left B Before he leaves C Before leaving D Before he will leave 18 Jones _ after everyone _ A speaks / will eat B will speak / has eaten C is speaking / eats D has spoken / will have eaten 19 _, Joe stays in bed and reads magazines A Whenever raining B As it will be raining C When it will rain D Whenever it rains 20 _ in Rome than he was kidnapped A No sooner he arrived B Had he no sooner arrived C No sooner had he arrived D No sooner he had arrived 21 _ Peter gets here, we will congratulate him A As soon as B After C No sooner D Since 22 Mrs Pike _ the door before the customers arrived A had opened B will open C would open D has open 23 After Mariana _ her exam, I _ her out to eat A was finishing / would take B finished / had taken C will finish / have taken D has finished / will take 24 Mary will have finished all her work _ A as soon as her boss returned B until her boss will return C by the time her boss returns D when he-r boss will return 25 She went on crying, with her head sunk into a pillow, and cried and cried _ the pillow was wet through A before B after C until D while 26 _ you finish typing that report make five copies of it and give it to aloof the officers A While B When C But D Although 27 When the passenger , will you please give him this package? A will arrive B arrives C would arrives D arriving 28 They were playing in the garden when _ A they have heard a scream B they were hearing a scream C they heard a scream D they had heard a scream 29 He cleaned his shoes _ they shone A when B after C while D until 30 I had no sooner lit the barbecue _ it started to rain (20) A as B while C than D that 31 When the paint _ it'll change from a light to a deep red A dry B dries C dried D will dry 32 When _ older I'd love to be an artist A I'm B I'll be C was D have been 33 By the time he retires, he _ $20,000 A will save B has saved C had saved D will have saved 34 When I _ here for fifteen years I'll be entitled to a pension A work B am working C have worked D had worked B Rewrite using the words in brackets: As soon as he went into the bank, one of the robbers attacked him (No sooner… than .) _ She fell asleep as soon as she lay down (Hardly when .) _ As soon as he stepped into the bathroom, the cell phone rang (No sooner …than .) _ He read the reading passage first Immediately after that he answered the questions (Hardly/when) _ As soon as he saw her, he recognised her (No sooner… than…) _ Answers: No sooner had he gone into the bank than one of the robbers attacked him Hardly had she lain down when she fell asleep No sooner has she stepped into the bathroom than the cell phone rang Hardly had he read the reading passage when he answered the questions No sooner had he seen her than he recognised her C Put the verbs in brackets into correct tense How long you want me to heat the oil? –heat it till it (begin) to smoke (begins) How long are you going to stay here? - I’m going to stay here until my brother (finish) his exams (has finished/ finishes) When I (get) to the cinema, the film (start) (got / had started) By the time you (read) this book, your meal will get cold (read) Please tell me how to get to the hospital? - Go till you (come) to a square with a statue in the middle; then turn left and you (find) it on your right (come/ will find) I (read) book while my sister (do) her homework (was reading / was doing) When he (come), I (watch) a football match on TV (came/ was watching) When I (walk) down the street, I (see) her (was walking / saw) We will go with him as soon as we (finish) the task (have finished) 10 I (learn) English since I (be) six years old (have learned / was) 11 When we (see) them last night, they (sing) They (say) they (sing) since o'clock 12 I hope it (not rain) when the bride (leave) the church tomorrow 13 In a few minutes' time, when the clock (strike) six, I (wait) here for hours 14 John (do) the test again at the moment because he (not pass) it the first time 15 I wish I (listen) to your advice last night When I (be) able to leave hospital, doctor? 16 I will stay with you until your mother (come) home 17 After he had got the money, he (leave) home immediately 18 When he (arrive), he will tell us the truth 19 Mary was dancing while John (sing) 20 The train left as we (arrive) (21) ANSWERS 11 When we saw them last night, they were singing They said they had sung since o'clock 12 I hope it won't rain when the bride leaves the church tomorrow 13 In a few minutes' time, when the clock strikes six, I will be waiting here for hours 14 John is doing the test again at the moment because he didn't pass it the first time 15 I wish I had listened to your advice last night When I was able to leave hospital, doctor? 16 I will stay with you until your mother comes home 17 After he had got the money, he left home immediately 18 When he arrives, he will tell us the truth 19 Mary was dancing while John was singing 20 The train left as we arrived -II PHRASES OF REASON: BECAUSE OF: vì, bởi vì - He doesn't go to shool because of his toothache: Anh ta không học vì đau - They are here because of us: Họ ở đây là vì chúng tôi - He walked slowly because of his bad leg: Anh ta chậm vì đau chân - Because of his wife ('s) being there, I said nothing about it Vì có vợ ở đó, nên tôi chẳng nói gì chuyện đó DUE TO: vì, bởi, tại, nhờ có - It is due to him: Tại ta - Due to one's negligence: cẩu thả, lơ đễnh - Due to fog, the boat arrived late: Do sương mù nên tàu đến chậm - The discovery is due to Newton: Nhờ Niu-tơn mà có phát minh OWING TO: vì, bởi vì - Owing to the drought, crops are short: Vì hạn hán nên mùa màng thất bát - Owing to the rain, the match was cancelled: Do trời mưa, trận đấu đã bị hủy bỏ ON ACCOUNT OF: ( on account of something; on this/that account); cái gì; vì lý này/nọ On no account; not on any account: Không vì bất kỳ lý nào - Don't on any account leave the prisoner unguarded: Không vì bất cứ lý nào mà bỏ canh gác tù nhân * After “ because of/ due to/ owing to/ on account of + the fact that ” Eg: He doesn’t go to school because of the fact that he has a toothache IN VIEW OF: (in view of something) : xét thấy, bởi vì - In view of the weather, we will cancel the outing Do tình hình thời tiết, chúng ta huỷ bỏ chơi này THANKS TO: (Thanks to somebody/something): nhờ có ai/cái gì - The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast Vở kịch thành công nhờ diễn xuất giỏi tất các vai - Thanks to your help: Nhờ có giúp đỡ anh - Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled Do thời tiết xấu mà trận đấu đã bị hủy bỏ FOR: vì, bởi vì (22) - For want of money: vì thiếu tiền/ - To live for each other: sống vì - Please it for my sake: Mong anh làm điều đó vì tôi - To avoid something for fear of accidents: Tránh cái gì vì sợ tai nạn - For many reasons: vì nhiều lẽ II CLAUSES OF REASON: BECAUSE: [bi'kɔz], liên từ: vì, bởi vì - He doesn't go to shool because he has a toothache - I did it because he told me to: Tôi làm vì ông ta bảo tôi làm - Just because I don't complain, people think I'm satisfied Chỉ vì tôi không than phiền, nên người ta cứ tưởng tôi hài lòng SINCE: vì, vì lẽ rằng, bởi - Since there is no more to be said, the meeting ends Vì không còn gì nói nữa, họp bế mạc - Since we've no money, we can't buy a new car Vì không có tiền, nên chúng tôi không mua xe ô tô AS: (đặt ở đầu câu) do, bởi vì - As Peter is late for school, his mother has to apologize to his teacher - As you weren't there, I left a message: Vì anh không có ở đấy, tôi đã để lại chữ SEEING ( THAT/ AS): ['si:iη] - xét thấy thật là; do, bởi vì - Seeing (that) the weather is bad, we'll stay at home Bởi vì thời tiết xấu, chúng mình ở nhà IN THAT: / /: lý là, vì - Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that it promotes competition ( Người ta cho việc tư nhân hóa là có lợi vì nó thúc đẩy cạnh tranh.) NOW (THAT) : vì rằng, bởi vì - Now (that) you mention it , I remember the incident ( Vì anh nói đến điều đó, tôi nhớ việc xảy ra) - Now (that) you have passed your test, you can drive on your own ( Anh có thể tự mình lái xe vì anh đã đổ kỳ sát hạch.) IN AS MUCH AS: / / (formal): lý là, vì - He is a Dane in as much as he was born in Denemark ( Ông ta là người Đan Mạch vì ông ta sinh ở Đan Mạch.) FOR: liên từ (không đặt ở đầu câu): vì, bởi vì, vì - They don't go to the movies, for it rains cats and dogs Họ không xem phim, vì trời mưa trút nước BECAUSE AS/ SINCE SEEING (THAT) NOW THAT BECAUSE OF S + V + ( O/ C/ A) (23) DUE TO/ OWING TO THAT THANKS TO PHRASE ON ACCOUNT OF NOUN PHRASE + THE FACT GERUND EXERCISES: Change clauses of reason to phrases: Mary didn't go to school yesterday because she was sick She went to bed early because she felt tired 3.Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold J o h n s u c c e e d e d i n h i s e x a m b e c a u s e h e w o r k e d h a r d a n d methodically _ Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick I like him because his father is kind to me 7.1 can't eat these fruits because they are green I couldn’t the test because it was difficult _ I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark _ 10 He came late because it rained heavily _ 11 I can’t study because it is noisy 12 The train came late because it was foggy 13 All tile teachers love him because his conduct is good _ 14 The train was late because the fog was thick 15 We stopped our car because the traffic lights turned red 16 The plane couldn't take off because the weather was had _ 17 Rice plants grow well because the climate is warm and damp 18 He couldn't drive fast because the street was crowded and narrow _ (24) 19 I can't sleep because the weather is hot Combine sentences, using clause or phrase of reason: It's raining, so we stay at home Most people hear jogging is a good exercise, so they begin to jog The climate in the country is healthy, so people like to live here A computer can be used for various purposes, so it becomes very popular nowadays _ Tomorrow is a public holiday, so all the shops will be shut Period 8: ADVERBIAL CLAUSE (MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ ) Preparing date:15/04/2016 Teaching date : 23/04/2016 Week I Objectives: Educational aim: By the end of this lesson, students can understand & use correct adverbial clause in English Knowledge: - General knowledge: Students learn about adverbial clause - Language: knowledge grammar about adverbial clause - New words: words related adverbial clause Skills: Pronoucing adverbial clause II Method: integrated, mainly communicative III Teaching aids:, coppied papers I Cụmtừchỉmục đích (Phrases of purpose) Để diễn đạt mục đích khẳng định, ta dùng cụm từ bắt đầu to-infinitive, in order to/so as to+to infinitive To – infinitive In order to So as to + Vinfinitive Eg: - I try to study to pass my next exam - We worked very hard in order to complete the project in time - He does morning exercises regularly so as to improve his health Đểdiễntảmụcđíchphủđịnh ta dung mộtcụmtừbắtđầubằngso as not to hoặcin order not to Eg: - She got up early so as not to miss the bus - He studies hard so as not to fail in the exam (25) II Mệnhđềtrạngngữchỉmụcđích (Adverbial clauses of purpose) - Mệnhđềchỉmụcđíchthườngđượcbắtđầubằngso that, in order that - Mệnhđềchỉmụcđíchcócấutrúcsau: S+ V + mệnhđềchính so that in order that + S + will/would + V (bare-inf) can/could may/might ngữ chỉEnglish mục đích Eg: - I mệnh try all đềt my rạng best to study in order that I can find a better job - He hurried so that he wouldn’t miss the train Note: Nếu chủ ngữ mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề mục đích khác ta không dùng cụm từ mục đích (phrase of purpose) Eg: I worked hard in order tomy family had a better life Câusai I worked hard in order that my family had a better life Exercises I Use a phrase or clause of purpose to combine in each pair of sentences below The boy stood on the benches They wanted to get a better view ……………………………………………………………………………………………… We lower the volume of the radio We don’t want to bother our neighbors ……………………………………………………………………………………………… I’ll write to you I want to you know my decision soon ……………………………………………………………………………………………… These men were talking in whispers They didn’t want to hear their conversation ……………………………………………………………………………………………… The boy feigned to be sick He hoped we didn’t make him work ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Doris often goes home as soon as the class is over She doesn’t want her mother wait for her ……………………………………………………………………………………………… The man spoke loudly He wanted everybody to hear him clearly ……………………………………………………………………………………………… John gets up early He doesn’t want to be late for class ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Mary hid the novel under the pillow She didn’t want her father to see it ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Alice prepares her lesson carefully She wants to get high marks in class ……………………………………………………………………………………………… II Rewrite the following sentences, using phrases of purpose Leave early so that you may get home before dark ……………………………………………………………………………………………… This man changed his address constantly so that he could avoid the police (26) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… I shouted in order that I could warn everyone of danger ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Banks are developed so that they can keep people’s money safe …………………………………………………………………………………………… Mary went to the library in order that she could borrow some books ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Yesterday, my father went to the bank so that he would open a checking account ……………………………………………………………………………………………… I went to see him so that I could find out what had happened ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Tom is saving up so that he can buy a new bicycle ……………………………………………………………………………………………… He hurried so that he could catch the train ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 She is learning French so that she will be able to speak it when she comes to Paris ……………………………………………………………………………………………… II Phrases of result: * Cụm từ kết thờng có "TOO" (quá) "ENOUGH" (đủ) a TOO: ( qu¸ kh«ng thÓ) S +be (look, seem, become, get ) + too + adj (+ for O) + to + Verb-inf S + V(ordinary ) + too + adv ( + for + O) + to + V-inf + He is too short to play basketball + Tom ran too slowly to become the winner of the race + This book is too dull for you to read Note: "TOO" thờng đợc dùng câu mang nghĩa phủ định (tiêu cực) b Enough: (đủ , có thể) S + be + adj + enough ( + for + O) + to + Verb-inf S + V (ordinary) + adv + enough (+ for + O) + to +Verb-inf + Mary isn't old enough to drive a car + She speaks Spanish well enough to be an interpreter + It's cold enough to wear a heavy jacket Clauses of result: Adverbial clauses of result (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ kết quả) * Mệnh đề trạng ngữ kết là mệnh đề phụ kết hành động mệnh đề chính g©y * Cấu trúc cảu câu có mệnh đề trạng ngữ kết nh sau: S + be + so + adj + that + S + V S + V (ordinary) + so + adv + that + S +V + It was so dark that I couldn't see anything + The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class (27) * Note: Nếu "V" mệnh đề chính là các 'V" tri giác nh: " look, appear, seem, feel, taste, smell, sound" ta dùng công thức nh "V" to be + so + adj + The little girl looks so unhappy that we all feel sorry for her + The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more * NÕu tríc "SO" cã "MANY", "MUCH", "FEW", "LITTLE" th× ta dïng cÊu tróc: S + V + so + many/few + plural countable Noun + that + S +V + The Smiths has so many children that they formed their own basketball team + I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one + There are so many people in the room that I feel tired S + V + so + much/ little + uncountable Noun + that + S +V + He has invested so much money in the project that he can abandon it now + The glass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat Such that ( quá đến nỗi) S + V + such+ a (an) + adj + Noun + that + S +V + It was such a hot day that we decided to stay at home + She had such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her + There are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want to + It is such an intelligent boy that we all admire him + This is such difficult home work that I will never finish it A Rewrite as indicated below The first is already done as an example Pam was not felling well, however she went to school Although Pam was not feeling well, she went to school In spite of not feeling well, Pam went to school Tom was seriously advised by his teacher, but he insisted in disturbing the class a Although b In spite of Mary tried several times, but she couldn’t find a taxi a Although, b In spite of Although he felt tired, he stayed up to keep us company Despite They didn’t have much time, however they came to visit us In spite of He is too old, but he still does his gymnastics every morning a Although b Despite Although the shirts are very expensive, people buy them because they are trendy In spite of Although he had no qualifications for it, he got the job In spite of I didn’t like the CD you have recommended me, but I bought it all the same a Although b In spite of 10 I told her all the truth However she didn’t believe me a) Although b) In spite of 11 They didn’t play well, but they won the game a) Although b) Despite 12 They felt very cold but they didn’t turn on the heater (28) Despite 13 Bill had a terrible headache However he kept working a) Although b) In spite of 14 He has all the necessary books but he doesn’t use them to study Despite 15 She works very hard but she doesn’t deserve a raise a) Although b) In spite of 16 She is not prepared for the test, but she has to it Despite 17 She was ill but she had to go to school Although 18 It was a nice sunny but there was nobody at the beach a) Although b) Is spite of 19 He arrived later but he finished work earlier than the others Although 20 The new waitress seems honest and diligent However the boss doesn’t like her a) Although b) In spite of Exercise 1 The car isn’t very nice, but it serves its purpose Although Betty isn’t very tall, but she can run very fast Although He doesn’t have much money, but he wants to buy car Although There wasn’t much food at the party However, everybody had a good time Although He’s a hard worker However he van newer save enough to buy a car Although Examples: They were boring, (even) though well-educated Though they were well-educated, they were boring Educated though they were, they were very boring They were well-educated Nevertheless they were boring They were well-educated All the same they were boring Exercise He didn’t tell me why he’d been late, but I knew it all the same He didn’t tell me why he’d been late, but I knew it It’s rather cold, but I think I’ll go for a walk Even though She was unattractive but still had many friends Even though She was unattractive but still had many friends Unattractive Though they’d lived in London for years, they always spoke German They’d lived in London for years Note: Grant and concede are rarely used in current English Examples: He may have been brought up in Poland, but he has a perfect English accent I admit that he was brought up in Poland, but he has a perfect English accent I grant that he was brought up in Poland, but he has a perfect English accent I concede that he was brought up in Poland, but he has a perfect English accent Exercise Although he was brought up in Poland, he has a perfect English accent (29) He may Although she’s a girl, she plays football as well as any boy She may Although she’s very rich, she never gives a penny to the poor She may Although my sister’s very intelligent and pretty, she doesn’t have a boyfriend I concede Although he sometimes behaves like a fool, he’s really very intelligent I grand Note: When we use however in clauses of concession, it must be followed by an adjective or an adverb Examples: However hard he studies, he won’t pass the exam Whatever happens, I will always love you Exercise Although I tried hard, I couldn’t find the book you lent me However Although he may have some strong points, intelligence is one of them Whatever Although he loves Joan very much, he isn’t going to marry her However Although she buys a lot of new dresses every month, she always dresses shabbily However Even if our new house is very nice, we’ll still miss our old flat However Examples: No matter how hard I try, I will never pass the exam It doesn’t matter how hard I try, I will never pass the exam Exercise Although he makes a lot of money, he can’t save anything No matter No matter what she said, no one paid any attention Whatever However hard she tried, she couldn’t lift the suitcase No Although he loves Joan very much, he isn’t going to marry her No It doesn’t matter how much you earn, you shouldn’t waste money Although Exercise Although Betty is attractive, she can’t find herself a boyfriend Attractive Although it seems incredible, my grandma is getting married again Incredible Although I love travelling very much, I can’t afford to go to Japan Much However rich he may be, I wouldn’t like to be in his shoes Rich No matter how nice she may be, I don’t like her Nice Examples: In spite of all her money, she always wears old clothes Despite the fact that she has all that money, she always wear old clothes Despite having all that money, she always wears old clothes Exercise He doesn’t have much money, but he wants to buy a car He wants to buy a car despite We all enjoyed the walk even though it rained (30) In We managed to talk seriously although there were a lot of people around In The bag was heavy but she managed to carry it herself Despite His mother refused to let him go to the party but he went anyway He went to the party in spite Examples : For all my money, I feel very poor In spite of all my money, I feel very poor Exercise Whatever you may promise, I don’t believe a word For all In spite of his hard work, he hasn’t been promoted for five years For all Whatever you may say about Mary, I will not change my opinion about her For all Say what you will about her husband, I not like him For all For all the help of their friends, they were unable to cope with all the problems In spite Exercise I couldn’t love Betty less, even though she may have had another boyfriend I couldn’t love Betty less, even It might be cold, but we’ll still go for a walk Even if I’m not going to accept their offer, although they might give me a big salary Even if She is beautiful and intelligent, but I’m not going to marry her Even though She is beautiful and intelligent, but I’m not going to marry her I’m not going to marry her Duyệt tổ phó Tân an ,ngày 11 tháng năm 2016 Nguyễn Duy Tuấn (31)