The policies currentlybeing implemented there include tourism development policies ingeneral, such as: Policy on conservation and embellishment oftourism resources and environment; Polic
Trang 1MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY -
DUONG THI HONG NHUNG
POLICIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL TOURIST AREAS IN THE TOURIST ZONE OF THE RED RIVER DELTA AND NORTHEAST COAST OF
Trang 2The thesis was completed at the Thuongmai University
Full name of Instructors:
Assoc Prof PhD Nguyen Thi Nguyen Hong
PhD Tran Thi Bich Hang
Reviewer 1: ………
Reviewer 2: ……….
Reviewer 3: ……….
The thesis will be defended under the evaluation of the
School-level Thesis Evaluation Council
at the Thuongmai University
At hour day month year
The thesis can be found at:
National Library
Library, Thuongmai University
Trang 31 Rationale of the study
National tourist areas (NTA) which have diverse and attractivetourism resources with advantages in natural landscapes or culturalvalues, with definite boundaries, with infrastructure and technicalfacilities, high-quality and synchronous services to meet the needs ofaccommodation, F&B and others of tourists, need the strict controland management from the government to ensure long-term andeffective development
Currently, the NTA in the tourist zone of the Red River Deltaand the North East Coast (RRD&NEC) still have no their owntourism policy of the zone, as well as NTA The policies currentlybeing implemented there include tourism development policies ingeneral, such as: Policy on conservation and embellishment oftourism resources and environment; Policy on tourism productdevelopment; Policy on training and development of humanresource; Policy on investment in infrastructure and technicalfacilities in tourism; Policy on finance; Policy on tourism promotionand publicity; Policy on linkage and cooperation in tourismdevelopment, However, the implementation of some policies hasnot been really effective, such as: Policy on investment ininfrastructure and technical facilities in tourism is not appropriate;Policy on training and development of human resource is still weak;Policy on promotion and publicity has not been paid attention interms of both professional qualifications and financial resources tosupport tourism promotion; Policy on tourism investment has notstimulated tourism business investment; Policy on tourism productdevelopment has not yet encouraged the exploitation of potentialtourism, has not yet developed the tourism market of the regioncommensurate with the position and tourism potential, has not yet
Trang 4promoted the development of the local tourism industry, .Therefore, the development of tourism in the NTA in RRD&NEChas not really effective For that, I have chosen the topic "Policy forthe development of national tourist areas in the tourist zone of theRed River Delta and Northeastern Coast of Vietnam" for mydoctoral thesis.
2 Research goal, tasks and questions
The research goal and tasks
The research goal of the thesis is to propose solutions andrecommendations to improve the policy for the development ofNTAs in the tourist zone of RRD&NEC
In order to reach that goal, the tasks of the thesis include:
- Overview of the research situation and determine the researchmethod of the thesis
- Systematize and supplement the theoretical basis for policy forthe development of NTAs in the tourist zone; Researchingexperiences on policy for development a number of NTAs in theworld and in Vietnam in order to draw lessons for the improvement
of the policy for the development of NTAs in the tourist zone ofRRD&NEC
- To survey, analyze and evaluate comprehensively the policyand its procedure for the development of NTAs in the tourist zone ofRRD&NEC and the influencing factors, drawing successes,limitations and their causes from the current situation
- Proposing a number of solutions and recommendations toimprove policy for the development of NTAs in the tourist zone ofRRD&NEC
Research questions
Based on research goal and tasks, the research questions include:Firstly, What is the theoretical basis for the policy for thedevelopment of NTAs in the tourist zone? What experience on the
Trang 5policy for the development of NTAs in the world and in Vietnamthat NTAs of the RRD & RRD can apply?
Secondly, What are the policies for the development of NTAs
in the tourist zone of RRD&NEC? How are their procedure? Whichfactors affecting the policy for the development of NTAs in thetourist zone of RRD&NEC?
Thirdly, what are the views and directions for improving thepolicy for the development of NTAs in the tourist zone ofRRD&NEC and what are the solutions and recommendations toimprove the policy for the development of NTAs in the tourist zone
of RRD&NEC?
3 Object and scope of the study
The object of the research is a number of theoretical and
practical issues on the policy for the development of NTAs in thetourist zone
Research scope
- About the research content
There are many groups of policy for the development of NTAssuch as economic policies, cultural policies, tourism policies, etc.However, from my survey and by practical observations at plannedNTAs, I has limited to 8 tourism policies, such as: Policy onconservation and embellishment of tourism resources andenvironment, Policy on finance, Policy on tourism stimulus, Policy
on training and development of human resource, Policy oninvestment in infrastructure and technical facilities in tourism,Policy on tourism product development, Policy on tourismpromotion and publicity and Policy on linkage and cooperation intourism development
The tourism policies in the thesis scope include the policies ofthe State and the policies of the locality
Trang 6Beside researching the content of the tourism policies, the thesisalso studies the policy procedure to develop tourism in the NTAs inRRD&NEC.
- About the research geographical scope:
The thesis studies at the localities which have NTA asdetermined by the Prime Minister's Decision No 2163/QD-TTgapproving the "Master plan for tourism development in theRRD&NEC until 2020, with a vision to 2030”
According to it, the RRD&NEC includes 9 NTAs: VietnamEthnic Culture and Tourism Village (Hanoi), Ba Vi - Suoi Hai(Hanoi), Tam Dao (Vinh Phuc), Tam Chuc (Ha Nam), Con Son -Kiep Bac (Hai Duong), Ha Long - Cat Ba (Quang Ninh - HaiPhong), Van Don (Quang Ninh), Tra Co (Quang Ninh) and Trang
An (Ninh Binh)
- About the research time: The thesis is limited to studying the
current situation in the period of 2015 - 2019, and some issues areconsidered in the context of 2020 and proposed solutions to 2025,with a vision to 2030
4 New findings of the thesis:
- New academic and theoretical findings: The thesis has
systematized and focused on clarifying the theoretical bases ofpolicies for the development of National tourist areas in the touristzone, including defining the policies for tourism development ofNational tourist areas, defining policy content and process for thedevelopment of National tourist areas, researching and assessing theimpact of factors affecting policies for the development of Nationaltourist areas in the tourist zone
- New findings in practical evaluation: The thesis has
systematized 8 lessons learned that can be applied to improve thepolicies for development of national tourist areas in the tourist zone ofthe Red River Delta and Northeast Coast of Vietnam on the basis of
Trang 7studying the experience of some typical national tourist areas inVietnam and a number of national tourist areas in China and Korea;
The thesis has analyzed and evaluated objectively andcomprehensively the successes and limitations of the currentsituation of 8 tourism development policies in the national touristareas; of the policy procedure for the development of national touristareas in the RRD&NEC The thesis also explains clearly the causes
of limitations in tourism development policy in the national touristareas, in the policy procedure of developing national tourist areas inRRD&NEC
- New recommended solutions: The thesis has proposed 3
groups of solutions that are systematic and have practical scientificbasis to improve policies for development of national tourist areas inthe tourist zone of RRD&NEC of Vietnam; they are: a group ofsolutions to improve the policy procedure, a group of solutions toimprove policies and a group of solution for specific policy todevelop tourism of national tourist areas;
The thesis has also proposed a number of recommendations
on policy for relevant ministries, departments and branches, atcentral and local levels, in order to create a perfect environment forpolicies for development of national tourist areas in the tourist zone
of the RRD&NEC of Vietnam
5 Structure of the thesis
The thesis is structured with 4 chapters
Trang 8CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW
AND RESEARCH METHODS OF THE THESIS
1 Literature review and research gap
1.1.1 Literature review
In the literature review, I summarized the works related to theresearch scope of the thesis including 4 issues: (1) Tourist areas(TAs), NTA; (2) State management on tourism, (3) Policy ontourism development, policy on tourism development at TAs (4)Research on tourism in the tourist zone of RRD&NEC
From the summary of previous studies, I found out that thesestudies had not studied and approached systematically andcomprehensively on the policy for the development of NTAs in thetourist zone of RRD&NEC Not pointed out fully the tourismpolicies to develop tourism as well as the factors affecting theimplementation and improvement the policy for the development ofNTAs in the tourist zone of RRD&NEC
From the literatureview of previous studies, the I explore thatthe research gaps include:
- Tourism policies are being applied in the NTAs
- The implementing procedure of tourism policies to developtourism in NTAs
- Factors affecting the policy procedure for developing tourism
at NTAs
- Current situation of implementing policies for the development
of NTAs in the tourist zone of RRD&NEC
- Solutions and recommendations proposed to improve thepolicy for the development of NTAs in the tourist zone ofRRD&NEC
1.2 Research methodology
Trang 9The thesis has used data collection methods including primaryand secondary data for analysis, comparison, synthesis and statistics.Using a combination of many different research methods to bettermeet the research goal.
CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS ABOUT POLICY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL
TOURIST AREA
2.1 Some basic concepts on the policy for developing national tourist areas
2.1.1 National tourist area
In Vietnam, Article 6 – Vietnam Tourism Law 2017, a tourist
area (TA) is defined as “an area with an advantage in tourism resources, which is planned, invested and developed to meet the diverse needs of tourists TA includes provincial tourism and national tourism”.
Potential TAs will be considered for plan to develop as NTA.When this TA fully meets the conditions as prescribed by VietnamTourism Law 2017 and Decree 168/2017/ND-CP, it will berecognized as an official NTA This is the only view in Vietnamabout the NTA and also my approach when researching the thesis.The characteristics of the NTA are summarized as follows:
- To organize for exploitation of business according to theprovisions of law, under the management of ministries, departmentsand branches at the national level
- Capable of expanding, including many tourist attractionslinked together
- Having a special attraction, built and operated to meet theneeds of tourists
Trang 10- Having enough value and large scale in terms of naturalresources and exploitation value in tourism according to theregulations of each country, bringing economic, social andenvironmental benefits to the locality and the country.
- Having specific characteristics of the region (historical,cultural, natural, man-made) that make a difference and competewith other NTAs
- Be planned and invested to meet the needs of sustainabletourism development
- The NTAs can be built self-contained or non-closed, in whichthere may or may not be local population living
2.1.2 Developing a NTA
There are many different views on the development of NTA.Within the scope of the thesis, I identifies the development of NTAs
as tourism development in NTAs
Thus, tourism development in NTAs is an increase in quantity, ensuring a reasonable structure of tourism services and improving the quality of tourism services in NTAs in order to provide better services to tourists and bring increasing benefits to other stakeholders (such as local authorities, travel companies and residential communities), thereby ensuring economic efficiency and sustainable development for the NTAs and the locality where the NTA is located.
2.1.3 Policy for development NTA
Policy for development NTA is a synthesis of views, guidelines, measures, programs and modes of action on tourism of the State (central and local), affecting socio-economic objects in NTAs, in order to achieve the tourism development goals.
2.2 Research content on policy for development of national tourist areas
2.2.1 Policy for development of national tourist areas
Trang 11Through the results of expert interviews, I found out that, inorder to develop tourism, it is necessary to focus on the following 8tourism policies: Policy on conservation and embellishment oftourism resources and environment, Policy on finance, Policy ontourism stimulus, Policy on training and development of humanresource, Policy on investment in infrastructure and technicalfacilities in tourism, Policy on tourism product development, Policy
on tourism promotion and publicity and Policy on linkage andcooperation in tourism development
2.2.2 The policy procedure for development of national tourist areas
The policy procedure usually includes the main stages, withchronological order as: Policy formulation, policy promulgation,policy implementation, policy check, inspection and policyadjustment Beside, it can be divided into smaller phases, depending
on the size and nature of the policy being enacted Based on that, it
is possible to summarize the main stages in the policy procedure forthe development of national tourist areas as follows:
Step 1 Formulate and promulgate policy
Step 2 Organize the implementation of the policy
Step 3 Check and inspect the implementation of the policyStep 4 Assess and adjustment policy
2.3 Factors affecting the policy for developing of national tourist areas
2.3.1 National macro-scale factors
Policy for developing of NTAs is influenced by the followingmajor national macro factors: Political security and social safety;Level of awareness and capacity of state management agencies; Thedevelopment of tourism demand to the NTAs
2.3.2 Provincial scale factors
Trang 12At the local level, policy for developing of NTAs is influenced
by a number of key factors as follows: Socio-economic developmentpolicy of the locality that has the NTA; Policy and orientation fortourism development of locality that has the NTA; Local budgets forthe development of NTAs; The development of infrastructure andtourism technical facilities in the locality that has the NTA; Tourismhuman resources of the locality that has the NTA; Perception oflocal people and tourism resources at the locality
Thus, policy for the development of NTAs in the tourist zoneare affected by many different factors Identification and analysis ofinfluencing factors will help to build up and implement policy forthe development of NTAs effectively and successfully
2.4 Experiences on policy for tourism development in some national tourist areas and lessons learned for the Red River Delta and Northeast Coast
I has selected and studied experiences on policy for tourismdevelopment in some NTAs, including:
- In Vietnam: Tuyen Lam Lake (Da Lat City, Lam DongProvince, in the Central Highlands tourist zone), Sapa (Lao Cai City,
in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous Tourist Zone), Nui Sam(An Giang, in the tourist area of the Mekong Delta Zone)
- Around the world: Goseokjeong National Park (Korea) andTam Thanh Mountain Resort (China)
From that, 8 lessons have been drawn for the NTAs in theRRD&NEC, Vietnam
CHAPTER 3 SITUATION OF POLICY FOR
DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL TOURIST AREAS IN THE RED RIVER DELTA AND NORTHEAST COAST