Ngữ pháp động từ khuyết thiếu và câu gián tiếp

LÝ THUYẾT VỀ ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU Động từ khuyết thiếu Cách sử dụng Mang nghĩa “có thể”, diễn tả khả Diễn tả lời đề nghị, gợi ý hay lời yêu cầu ❖ Phân biệt “ can/could & be able to”: Ví dụ - I can draw well - Could you open the door, • “can” thể khả năng, please? Can/could Ex: I can’t swim • “Be able to” mang nghĩa có khả làm việc ngữ cảnh cụ thể May/might Will/would Ex: I finished my work early, so I was able to go out with her - Diễn tả khả xảy (mang tính chất tình huống) - Diễn đạt xin phép - Diễn tả mong muốn, lời hứa hay - Lời yêu cầu, đề nghị lịch - It might be true - May/Might I put the TV on? - Yes, you may - All right! I will pay you at the rate you ask - Would you please show me the way to Ha Dong Market? - Diễn tả cưỡng bách, bắt buộc ❖ Phân biệt “ Must & Have to”: ➢ “Must” mang ý nghĩa bắt buộc đến từ người nói cịn “have to” mang ý nghĩa bắt buộc đến từ hoàn cảnh bên Must/have to ➢ Trong câu phủ định, khác biệt rõ ràng: I’m putting on weight I must go on a diet If you want to get on the plane, you have to have a valid passport You don’t have to wear uniforms on Tuesdays • Don’t have to (=don’t need to): không You mustn’t smoke here phải • Mustn’t : khơng phép Động từ khuyết thiếu Cách sử dụng Should/Ought to Nghĩa “nên” dùng để diễn đạt lời khuyên /Had better hay mong đợi S + would rather + (not) V-inf (+than)… S + would rather (that) + mệnh đề khứ Would rather đơn Dare – Need – Used to Ví dụ It’s cold today You had better wear a coat when you go out I would rather stay at home (than go to the movie) I would rather you didn’t smoke here - I needn’t/don’t need to Vừa dùng động từ khuyết my homework thiếu, vừa dùng động từ thường - Dare he/ Dose he dare to speak to her? - I didn’t use to go this way Ngoài ra, động từ khuyết thiếu sử dụng nhằm mục đích dự đốn q khứ: • must have PII: hẳn làm khứ Ex: He got really high scores He must have worked hard • can’t have PII: hẳn khơng làm khứ (Lưu ý: không dùng mustn’t have PII) Ex: She can’t have been at the party yesterday She was teaching then • may/might have PII: dự đốn có khả khứ, xảy không Ex: He lost his key He might have come into the house through the window • could have PII: làm q khứ, không xảy Ex: He could have lost his ticket • should have PII: nên làm khứ, thực tế khơng làm Ex: You should have informed me of your arrival • shouldn’t have PII: khơng nên làm q khứ làm Ex: You shouldn’t have told him the truth • needn’t have PII: khơng cần làm q khứ, thực tế làm Ex: You needn’t have arrived so early LUYỆN TẬP Question We are now wet You _the raincoats with you A should bring B should have brought C must bring D have to bring Question The yard is wet It last night A must rain B must have rain C must have rained D had to rain Question I’d rather in the field than home A to work/to stay B work/stay C working/staying D worked/stayed Question He spent all that money last week He _so much A didn’t need spend B shouldn’t spend C needn’t have spent D mustn’t have spent Question You’re having a sore throat You’d better to the doctor A to go B went C go D going Question I would rather poor but happy than become rich without happiness A being B be C to be D was Question She , but luckily, a lifeguard spotted her and rescued her A has drowned B ought to drown C could have drowned D might down Question In 1990, the world had no deaths from rabies Scientists wonderful vaccine A has discovered B discovered C must have discovered D should have discovered Question The computer does not work It _during transportation A must have damaged B should have been damaged C must have been damaged D can be damaging Question 10 You the air pressure in your tires if you not want to get a flat tire on your trip A should be checked B not have to check C mustn’t D ought to check Question 11 She a lot after her husband’s accident That way why her eyes were so red and swollen A must be crying B can have been cried C will have cried D must have cried Question 12 Hiking the trail to the peak be dangerous if you are not well prepared for dramatic weather changes A might B should C had better D mustn’t A must have B must have had C could have had D should have had Question 14 Are you joking? David _ a new car last week I am sure that he did not have money A mustn’t be buying B would be buying C may have bought D can’t have bought Question 15 Andy’s magic performance was amazing You a little bit longer to watch it A has to stay B should have stayed C must have stayed D could have stayed Question 16 - The instructions were in French, and I translated them into English for him – You that He knows French A needn’t have done B oughtn’t to have done C shouldn’t have done D can’t have done Question 17 I think the principal of this school give students more freedom in choosing the courses they want to study A would B would like C might D ought to Question 18 It’s getting cold I turn on the heater for you? A Do B Must C Have D Shall Question 19 It’s really a good movie You _ and see it this evening A should have gone B should go C don’t need to go D must have gone Question 20 Look at all the tools on the floor He somewhere around here A couldn’t be working B could have worked C couldn’t have worked D must be working Question 21 I would like you the plants for me while I’m away A water B to water C watering D watered Question 22 Minh passed the exam with flying colours He very hard to get such a good result A could be studying B may be studying C must have studied D should have studied Question 23 My motorbike broke down in the middle of nowhere, but luckily I it on my own A could have fixed B must have fixed C was able to fix D should have fixed Question 24 My purse at the station while I was waiting for the train A must have been stolen C can be stolen B should have been stolen D should be stolen Question 25 Mom and Dad an argument They’re not talking to each other A must have had B must have C might have had D might have LUYỆN TẬP Ngữ pháp câu gián tiếp Question The students asked if I was going to give them the tests A the next day B next day C day next D the day next Question John asked the teacher in Spanish A what does this word mean B what that word means C what did this word mean D what that word meant Question He said he at the Daewoo Hotel A is staying B has stayed C was staying D will stay Question She asked me I liked country music A should teach A if B whether C that D A&B teach C had taught D will teach uestion He asked me with whom I French A studied B study C am studying D have studied Question John asked me fond of any kind of sports A if I am B if I was C if was I D if I were Question “How are you?” he asked A He asked me how are you B He asked me how I am C He asked me how was I D He asked me how I was A Joe asked Adele where was she going B Joe asked Adele where she was going C Joe asked Adele where is she going D Joe asked Adele where she is going Question 10 “Go home,” said the teacher to the kids A The teacher told the kids to go home B The teacher said the kids to go home C The teacher told the kids go home D The teacher told to the kids to go home Question 11 “I didn’t meet Susan last week”, he said A He said he didn’t meet Susan the week before B He said he hasn’t met Susan last week C He said he hadn’t met Susan last week B D He said he hadn’t met Susan the week before Question 12 “We are ready to start a new project”, they said to us A They told us they are ready to start a new project B They told us they will ready to start a new project C They told us we were ready to start a new project D They told us they were ready to start a new project Question 13 “I have finished the test”, Orla said to me A She told me she has finished the test B She told me she finished the test C She told me she had finished the test D She told me she has been finished the test Question 14 “Please bring me some chicken soup,” he said to the waitress A He asked the waitress bring him some chicken soup B He asked the waitress to bring her some chicken soup C He asked the waitress to bring him some chicken soup D He asked the waitress bring her some chicken soup Question 15 “Don’t shout”, she said to me A She told me don’t shout B She told to me not to shout C She told me not to shout D She said to me don’t shout Question 16 “I wrote to a friend yesterday”, she said A She told me she had written to her friend the day before B She said to me I wrote to a friend the day before C She told me she had written to a friend yesterday D She told me she wrote to a friend yesterday Question 17 “Can you lend me some money?”, he asked me A He asked me can you lend him some money B He asked me could you lend him some money C He asked me if I can lend him some money D He asked me if I could lend him some money Question 18 Charlie said, “I’ll see you tomorrow” A Charlie said he’ll see me tomorrow B Charlie said he would see me tomorrow C Charlie said he would see me the next day D Charlie said he’ll see me the next day Question 19 They said, “Your father is in the office” A They said that my father is in the office B They said that his father was in the office C They said that his father is in the office D They said that my father was in the office Question 20 “Can you open the door for me, Patrick?” Donna asked A Donna asked to open the door for her, Patrick B Donna asked Patrick to open the door for her C Donna asked Patrick open the door for her D Donna asked Patrick to open the door for me ... talking to each other A must have had B must have C might have had D might have LUYỆN TẬP Ngữ pháp câu gián tiếp Question The students asked if I was going to give them the tests A the next...- I didn’t use to go this way Ngoài ra, động từ khuyết thiếu sử dụng nhằm mục đích dự đốn q khứ: • must have PII: hẳn làm khứ Ex: He got really