LÝ THUYẾT VỀ ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU Động từ khuyết thiếu Cách sử dụng Mang nghĩa “có thể”, diễn tả khả Diễn tả lời đề nghị, gợi ý hay lời yêu cầu ❖ Phân biệt “ can/could & be able to”: Ví dụ - I can draw well - Could you open the door, • “can” thể khả năng, please? Can/could Ex: I can’t swim • “Be able to” mang nghĩa có khả làm việc ngữ cảnh cụ thể May/might Will/would Ex: I finished my work early, so I was able to go out with her - Diễn tả khả xảy (mang tính chất tình huống) - Diễn đạt xin phép - Diễn tả mong muốn, lời hứa hay - Lời yêu cầu, đề nghị lịch - It might be true - May/Might I put the TV on? - Yes, you may - All right! I will pay you at the rate you ask - Would you please show me the way to Ha Dong Market? - Diễn tả cưỡng bách, bắt buộc ❖ Phân biệt “ Must & Have to”: ➢ “Must” mang ý nghĩa bắt buộc đến từ người nói cịn “have to” mang ý nghĩa bắt buộc đến từ hoàn cảnh bên Must/have to ➢ Trong câu phủ định, khác biệt rõ ràng: I’m putting on weight I must go on a diet If you want to get on the plane, you have to have a valid passport You don’t have to wear uniforms on Tuesdays • Don’t have to (=don’t need to): không You mustn’t smoke here phải • Mustn’t : khơng phép Động từ khuyết thiếu Cách sử dụng Should/Ought to Nghĩa “nên” dùng để diễn đạt lời khuyên /Had better hay mong đợi S + would rather + (not) V-inf (+than)… S + would rather (that) + mệnh đề khứ Would rather đơn Dare – Need – Used to Ví dụ It’s cold today You had better wear a coat when you go out I would rather stay at home (than go to the movie) I would rather you didn’t smoke here - I needn’t/don’t need to Vừa dùng động từ khuyết my homework thiếu, vừa dùng động từ thường - Dare he/ Dose he dare to speak to her? - I didn’t use to go this way Ngoài ra, động từ khuyết thiếu sử dụng nhằm mục đích dự đốn q khứ: • must have PII: hẳn làm khứ Ex: He got really high scores He must have worked hard • can’t have PII: hẳn khơng làm khứ (Lưu ý: không dùng mustn’t have PII) Ex: She can’t have been at the party yesterday She was teaching then • may/might have PII: dự đốn có khả khứ, xảy không Ex: He lost his key He might have come into the house through the window • could have PII: làm q khứ, không xảy Ex: He could have lost his ticket • should have PII: nên làm khứ, thực tế khơng làm Ex: You should have informed me of your arrival • shouldn’t have PII: khơng nên làm q khứ làm Ex: You shouldn’t have told him the truth • needn’t have PII: khơng cần làm q khứ, thực tế làm Ex: You needn’t have arrived so early LUYỆN TẬP Question We are now wet You _the raincoats with you A should bring B should have brought C must bring D have to bring Question The yard is wet It last night A must rain B must have rain C must have rained D had to rain Question I’d rather in the field than home A to work/to stay B work/stay C working/staying D worked/stayed Question He spent all that money last week He _so much A didn’t need spend B shouldn’t spend C needn’t have spent D mustn’t have spent Question You’re having a sore throat You’d better to the doctor A to go B went C go D going Question I would rather poor but happy than become rich without happiness A being B be C to be D was Question She , but luckily, a lifeguard spotted her and rescued her A has drowned B ought to drown C could have drowned D might down Question In 1990, the world had no deaths from rabies Scientists wonderful vaccine A has discovered B discovered C must have discovered D should have discovered Question The computer does not work It _during transportation A must have damaged B should have been damaged C must have been damaged D can be damaging Question 10 You the air pressure in your tires if you not want to get a flat tire on your trip A should be checked B not have to check C mustn’t D ought to check Question 11 She a lot after her husband’s accident That way why her eyes were so red and swollen A must be crying B can have been cried C will have cried D must have cried Question 12 Hiking the trail to the peak be dangerous if you are not well prepared for dramatic weather changes A might B should C had better D mustn’t A must have B must have had C could have had D should have had Question 14 Are you joking? David _ a new car last week I am sure that he did not have money A mustn’t be buying B would be buying C may have bought D can’t have bought Question 15 Andy’s magic performance was amazing You a little bit longer to watch it A has to stay B should have stayed C must have stayed D could have stayed Question 16 - The instructions were in French, and I translated them into English for him – You that He knows French A needn’t have done B oughtn’t to have done C shouldn’t have done D can’t have done Question 17 I think the principal of this school give students more freedom in choosing the courses they want to study A would B would like C might D ought to Question 18 It’s getting cold I turn on the heater for you? A Do B Must C Have D Shall Question 19 It’s really a good movie You _ and see it this evening A should have gone B should go C don’t need to go D must have gone Question 20 Look at all the tools on the floor He somewhere around here A couldn’t be working B could have worked C couldn’t have worked D must be working Question 21 I would like you the plants for me while I’m away A water B to water C watering D watered Question 22 Minh passed the exam with flying colours He very hard to get such a good result A could be studying B may be studying C must have studied D should have studied Question 23 My motorbike broke down in the middle of nowhere, but luckily I it on my own A could have fixed B must have fixed C was able to fix D should have fixed Question 24 My purse at the station while I was waiting for the train A must have been stolen C can be stolen B should have been stolen D should be stolen Question 25 Mom and Dad an argument They’re not talking to each other A must have had B must have C might have had D might have LUYỆN TẬP Ngữ pháp câu gián tiếp Question The students asked if I was going to give them the tests A the next day B next day C day next D the day next Question John asked the teacher in Spanish A what does this word mean B what that word means C what did this word mean D what that word meant Question He said he at the Daewoo Hotel A is staying B has stayed C was staying D will stay Question She asked me I liked country music A should teach A if B whether C that D A&B teach C had taught D will teach uestion He asked me with whom I French A studied B study C am studying D have studied Question John asked me fond of any kind of sports A if I am B if I was C if was I D if I were Question “How are you?” he asked A He asked me how are you B He asked me how I am C He asked me how was I D He asked me how I was A Joe asked Adele where was she going B Joe asked Adele where she was going C Joe asked Adele where is she going D Joe asked Adele where she is going Question 10 “Go home,” said the teacher to the kids A The teacher told the kids to go home B The teacher said the kids to go home C The teacher told the kids go home D The teacher told to the kids to go home Question 11 “I didn’t meet Susan last week”, he said A He said he didn’t meet Susan the week before B He said he hasn’t met Susan last week C He said he hadn’t met Susan last week B D He said he hadn’t met Susan the week before Question 12 “We are ready to start a new project”, they said to us A They told us they are ready to start a new project B They told us they will ready to start a new project C They told us we were ready to start a new project D They told us they were ready to start a new project Question 13 “I have finished the test”, Orla said to me A She told me she has finished the test B She told me she finished the test C She told me she had finished the test D She told me she has been finished the test Question 14 “Please bring me some chicken soup,” he said to the waitress A He asked the waitress bring him some chicken soup B He asked the waitress to bring her some chicken soup C He asked the waitress to bring him some chicken soup D He asked the waitress bring her some chicken soup Question 15 “Don’t shout”, she said to me A She told me don’t shout B She told to me not to shout C She told me not to shout D She said to me don’t shout Question 16 “I wrote to a friend yesterday”, she said A She told me she had written to her friend the day before B She said to me I wrote to a friend the day before C She told me she had written to a friend yesterday D She told me she wrote to a friend yesterday Question 17 “Can you lend me some money?”, he asked me A He asked me can you lend him some money B He asked me could you lend him some money C He asked me if I can lend him some money D He asked me if I could lend him some money Question 18 Charlie said, “I’ll see you tomorrow” A Charlie said he’ll see me tomorrow B Charlie said he would see me tomorrow C Charlie said he would see me the next day D Charlie said he’ll see me the next day Question 19 They said, “Your father is in the office” A They said that my father is in the office B They said that his father was in the office C They said that his father is in the office D They said that my father was in the office Question 20 “Can you open the door for me, Patrick?” Donna asked A Donna asked to open the door for her, Patrick B Donna asked Patrick to open the door for her C Donna asked Patrick open the door for her D Donna asked Patrick to open the door for me ... talking to each other A must have had B must have C might have had D might have LUYỆN TẬP Ngữ pháp câu gián tiếp Question The students asked if I was going to give them the tests A the next...- I didn’t use to go this way Ngoài ra, động từ khuyết thiếu sử dụng nhằm mục đích dự đốn q khứ: • must have PII: hẳn làm khứ Ex: He got really