NGU PHAP VA BAI TAP VE DONG TU TO BE

Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or Doesn't with all verbs EXCEPT To Beand Modal verbs can, might, should etc..[r]

: 'Be' Verbs A verb shows action or a state of being I go home Home is my place to rest I like the smell of my house I feel totally relaxed Home refreshes me At home, I get ready for a new day "Be" verbs indicate a state of being Verbs must match subjects  I am a doctor  He is sleepy  We are here Negative sentences need ‘not' after the verb  I am not a doctor  He is not sleepy  We are not there The verb comes first in interrogative sentences  Am I a doctor?  Is he sleepy?  Are we there? "Are not" (is not) can be shortened to "aren't" (isn't)  He isn't sleepy  We aren't there Remember the variations of "be" verbs: Present Negative Interrogative I am I am not Am I? You are You are not (aren't) Are you? He is He is not (isn't) Is he? She is She is not (isn't) Is she? It is It is not (isn't) Isn't it? We are We are not (aren't) Are we? You are You are not (aren't) Are you? They are They are not (aren't) Are they? ĐỘNG TỪ "TO BE" -THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN VỚI TO BE Đây là động từ tiếng Anh, lại là động từ đặc biệt Học xong động từ TO BE, bạn bắt đầu biết cách đặt vô số câu nói với gì ta đã học từ đầu đến Đại Từ Nhân Xưng, Tính Từ Sở Hữu, Đại Từ Sở Hữu, Danh Từ Số Ít, Danh Từ Số Nhiều, Mạo Từ Bất Định A và AN cùng với số tính từ bạn cung cấp cuối bài này Trong thì đơn, động từ TO BE có tất biến thể là AM, IS và ARE Ta dùng các biến thể đó tương ứng với chủ ngữ định , sau: * AM: Dùng cho chủ ngữ là I I AM (viết tắt = I'M ) * IS: Dùng cho chủ ngữ là ngôi thứ ba số ít, bao gồm HE, SHE, IT và danh từ số ít nào SHE IS (viết tắt = SHE'S ) HE IS (viết tắt = HE'S ) IT IS (viết tắt = IT'S ) THE DOG IS… PETER IS… THE TABLE IS … * ARE: Dùng cho chủ ngữ là YOU, WE, THEY, và chủ ngữ số nhiều nào YOU ARE (viết tắt =YOU'RE ) WE ARE (viết tắt = WE'RE ) THEY ARE (viết tắt = THEY'RE ) YOU AND I ARE… HE AND I ARE … THE DOG AND THE CAT ARE * Khi nào ta phải dùng thì đơn động từ TO BE? - Khi ta muốn giới thiệu tên địa điểm, tính chất, trạng thái người, vật kiện * Với Thì Hiện Tại Đơn động từ TO BE, ta có thể đặt câu nào? - Vốn từ càng nhiều, bạn càng đặt nhiều câu Về kiểu câu, bạn đặt câu vài thí dụ sau: Tôi là bác sĩ Cô là sinh viên Bà tôi già Cái cây viết trên bàn Em mệt không? Nó không thành thật Con gái bạn đẹp *Công thức Thì Hiện Tại Đơn động từ TO BE: Từ trở bạn hãy nhớ, học công thức thì nào, ta luôn học thể nó: Thể khẳng định: là câu nói xác định, không có chữ “KHÔNG” đó Chủ ngữ + AM / IS / ARE + Bổ ngữ Thí dụ: I AM A TEACHER (Tôi là giáo viên) HE IS A STUDENT (Anh là sinh viên) SHE IS A SINGER (Cô ta là ca sĩ) Thể phủ định: là câu nói phủ nhận điều gì đó, có chữ “KHÔNG” sau chủ ngữ Chủ ngữ + AM / IS / ARE + NOT + Bổ ngữ +Cách viết tắt: I AM NOT = I'M NOT IS NOT = ISN'T ARE NOT = AREN'T Thí dụ: HE IS NOT HANDSOME (Anhấy khôngđẹp trai) YOU ARE NOT STUPID (Bạn không có ngu) Thể nghi vấn: là câu hỏi : AM / IS / ARE + Chủ ngữ + Bổ ngữ ? Thí dụ: IS HE HANDSOME = Anh đẹp trai không? AM I TOO FAT? = Tôi có quá mập không vậy? IS SHE PRETTY? = Cô đẹp không hả? IS HE RICH? = Ông ta giàu không vậy? ARE YOU OK? = Bạn có không vậy? Lưu ý: Bổ ngữ có thể là ngữ danh từ, có thể là tính từ, có thể là trạng ngữ Thí dụ: Bổ ngữ là danh từ: I AM A YOUNG TEACHER = tôi là giáo viên trẻ (A YOUNG TEACHER là ngữ danh từ) Bổ ngữ là tính từ: I AM YOUNG = tôi trẻ (YOUNG là tính từ) Bổ ngữ là trạng ngữ: I AM AT HOME = tôi nhà (AT HOME là trạng ngữ, nơi chốn) EXERCISE 1: Chose the correct form of the verb to be - am/is/are It cold today I at home now They Korean There a pen on the desk My name Nikita We from Ukraine That right I OK, thanks Clara and Steve 10 She married an English teacher Fill in the blanks with the right subject / personal pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, they): Angelina Joli is American Brad Pitt is American, too isn't French isn't German Brad and Angelina aren't French are American My friend and I are high school students The Statue of Liberty is in New York aren't primary school students isn't in Washington Fill in the blanks with the right form of to be ( am, are or is): you the new student? Yes, I Leila and Nancy Nancy students Australian My sister and I The girls students tired These women The tea beautiful delicious Nadia and Leila friends 10 The newspaper cheap Choose the correct answer (negative or affirmative form of to be): Is Julia Robert French? No, she What about Robert de Nero? Is he an American actor? Yes, he French Are New York and Los Angeles Spanish Cities? No, they Spanish cities Is Big Ben in Paris? No, it in Paris Is Mount Everest in Africa? No, it It is in Asia in Africa Fill in the blanks with the right subject / personal pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, they): Angelina Joli is American She isn't French Brad Pitt is American, too He isn't German Brad and Angelina aren't French They are American My friend and I are high school students We The Statue of Liberty is in New York It aren't primary school students isn't in Washington Fill in the blanks with the right form of to be (am, are or is): Are you the new student? Yes, I am Leila and Nancy are Nancy is students Australian My sister and I are The girls are tired These women are The tea is students beautiful delicious Nadia and Leila are 10 The newspaper is friends cheap Choose the correct answer (negative or affirmative form of to be): Is Julia Robert French? No, she is not French What about Robert de Nero? Is he an American actor? Yes, he is Are New York and Los Angeles Spanish Cities? No, they are not Spanish cities Is Big Ben in Paris? No, it is not in Paris Is Mount Everest in Africa? No, it is not in Africa It is in Asia LESSON 6: SIMPLE PRESENT The simple present tense in English is used to describe an action that is regular, true or normal We use the present tense: For repeated or regular actions in the present time period    I take the train to the office The train to Berlin leaves every hour John sleeps eight hours every night during the week For facts    The President of The USA lives in The White House A dog has four legs We come from Switzerland For habits    I get up early every day Carol brushes her teeth twice a day They travel to their country house every weekend For things that are always / generally true    It rains a lot in winter The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace They speak English at work Verb Conjugation & Spelling We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (without the TO) In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person Subject Verb The Rest of the sentence I / you / we / they speak / learn English at home he / she / it speaks / learns English at home The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb: For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person       go – goes catch – catches wash – washes kiss – kisses fix – fixes buzz – buzzes For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES     marry – marries study – studies carry – carries worry – worries NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S    play – plays enjoy – enjoys say – says Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or Doesn't with all verbs EXCEPT To Beand Modal verbs (can, might, should etc.)  Affirmative: You speak French Negative: You don't speak French You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb We use Don't when the subject is I, you,we or they  Affirmative: He speaks German Negative: He doesn't speak German When the subject is he, she or it, we add doesn't between the subject and the verb to make a negative sentence Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the negative sentence We will see the reason why below Negative Contractions Don't = Do not Doesn't = Does not I don't like meat = I not like meat There is no difference in meaning though we normally use contractions in spoken English Word Order of Negative Sentences The following is the word order to construct a basic negative sentence in English in the Present Tense using Don't or Doesn't Subject don't/doesn't I / you / we / they don't he / she / it doesn't Verb* The Rest of the sentence have / buy cereal for breakfast eat / like etc * Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc Examples of Negative Sentences with Don't and Doesn't:       You don't speak Arabic John doesn't speak Italian We don't have time for a rest It doesn't move They don't want to go to the party She doesn't like fish Questions in the Simple Present Tense To make a question in English we normally use Do or Does It has no translation in Spanish though it is essential to show we are making a question It is normally put at the beginning of the question  Affirmative: You speak English Question: Do you speak English? You will see that we add DO at the beginning of the affirmative sentence to make it a question We use Dowhen the subject is I, you, we or they  Affirmative: He speaks French Question: Does he speak French? When the subject is he, she or it, we add DOES at the beginning to make the affirmative sentence a question Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the question We will see the reason why below We DON'T use Do or Does in questions that have the verb To Be or Modal Verbs (can, must, might, should etc.) Word Order of Questions with Do and Does The following is the word order to construct a basic question in English using Do or Does Do/Does Subject Verb* The Rest of the sentence Do I / you / we / they Does he / she / it have / need a new bike? want etc *Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before the verb Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc Examples of Questions with Do and Does:       Do you need a dictionary? Does Mary need a dictionary? Do we have a meeting now? Does it rain a lot in winter? Do they want to go to the party? Does he like pizza? Short Answers with Do and Does In questions that use do/does it is possible to give short answers to direct questions as follows: Sample Questions Short Answer (Affirmative) Short Answer (Negative) Do you like chocolate? Yes, I No, I don't Do I need a pencil? Yes, you No, you don't Do you both like chocolate? Yes, we No, we don't Do they like chocolate? Yes, they No, they don't Does he like chocolate? Yes, he does No, he doesn't Does she like chocolate? Yes, she does No, she doesn't Does it have four wheels? Yes, it does No, it doesn't However, if a question word such as who, when, where, why, which or how is used in the question, you can not use the short answers above to respond to the question