ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HỌC KỲ II TIẾNG ANH A LÝ THUYẾT I Trạng từ thể cách : đứng sau động từ thường tính từ Ex: She sings beautifully - Cách thành lập trạng từ : Adj + ly → adverb Ex: slow + ly → slowly Tính từ có “y” đổi y thành “i” sau thêm ly Ex: noisy → noisily + Chú ý : Một số trạng từ đặc biệt good => well số từ khơng đổi hình thức tính từ trạng từ fast, fair, early, late, fast, hard II Adjective + that clause : S + BE + ADJ + THAT + S +V Ex : I am happy that you had a new car Note: Mệnh đề “ that clause” dùng với số tính từ : “Afraid,glad,sorry, sure,eager,anxious,happy,pleased,annoyed, proud, delighted, disappointed,…” III Từ Nối – Liên Từ And (và): dùng để nối hai từ hai mệnh đề có loại (V/A/N/ ) Ex: Lan likes cats and dogs But (nhưng) : Ex: They have a lot of money, but they’re not very happy So (vì thế, vậy):dùng mệnh đề kết , đứng câu Ex: He’s ill so he stays at home Therefore (vì thế) : kết Sau dấu chấm phẩy( chấm) trước dấu phẩy ( đầu câu) * đứng câu, trước sau có dấu phẩy Ex: The weather was too bad Therefore, our plan had been changed However ( nhiên) : sau dấu chấm ( chấm phẩy trước dấu phẩy Ex: I will offer my cat to Hoa However, he may not like it Because, as, since (bởi ) dùng để lý do.Ex: She didn’t go to the zoo because she was ill Or ( hay là, là) Ex: Is your girl tall or short ? IV Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nhượng : Mặc dù Although / Though / Even though + S + V … +, Clause(chính) Ex: Although he had a bad cold , he went to class V Relative clause ( Mệnh đề quan hệ ) Relative pronoun: (Đại từ quan hệ ) : - WHO: Dùng thay cho cụm từ người Ex: I need to meet the boy The boy is my friend’s son. I need to meet the boy who is my friend’s son - WHICH: Dùng thay cho cụm từ đồ vật ,ở vị trí chủ ngữ bổ ngữ - She works for a company It makes cars She works for a company which makes cars - The Passover is very exciting People hold it in late March or early April The Passover which people hold in late March or early April is very exciting - THAT: thay cho who / which 2.Defining and Non-defining Relative Clauses: MĐQH giới hạn MĐQH không giới hạn a Defining Relative Clauses: MĐQH giới hạn ( danh từ chưa xác định =>ko dùng dấu phẩy) Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước chưa xác định rõ Ex: I saw the girl She helped us last week I saw the girl who/that helped us last week b Non-defining Relative Clauses: MĐQH không giới hạn ( danh từ riêng, xác định=> dùng dấu phẩy) Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước xác định rõ, phần giải thích thêm Mệnh đề thường tách khỏi mệnh đề dấu phẩy “,” Ta dùng mệnh đề quan hệ khơng giới hạn khi: - Trước danh từ có: this/that/these/those/my/her/his/… Ex: My father is a doctor He is fifty years old. My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor - Từ quan hệ tên riêng danh từ riêng Ex: Mr Brown is a very nice teacher We studied English with him Mr Brown, who we studied English with, is a very nice teacher * LƯU Ý: KHÔNG dùng that thay cho who, which, whom MĐQH không giới hạn Editor : Thang Pham -1- CÁCH VIẾT LẠI CÂU: B1: Xác định từ đối tượng vế (từ thường danh từ, từ vế thường danh từ lặp lại đại từ nhân xưng) B2: Xác định đại từ quan hệ cần dùng (who :chỉ người, which: vật ) B3: Viết từ đầu tới danh từ + đại từ quan hệ + vế thứ B4: xác định danh từ teen riêng => thêm dấu phẩy trước mệnh đề who / which VI.Câu điều kiện loại 1(có thể xảy & tương lai): If Clause(mệnh đề If ) Main Clause( m.đề ) HTĐ am/is/are will/can/may +Vo Vo/Vs-es (don’t/doesn’t-Vo) Ex : It rains I will stay at home => If it rains, i will stay at home Cách viết lại câu điều kiện: xác định vế Nếu tương lai => điều kiện L1=> áp dụng công thứ viết lại câu Câu điều kiện loại 2: If Clause(mệnh đề If ) Main Clause( m.đề ) QKĐ were/ weren’t Would/Could/Might + Vo V2/V-ed (didn’t+Vo) Ex: the weather is not fine, so we stay at home.=> if the weather were fine, we wouldn’t stay at home Cách viết lại câu điều kiện: B1: xác định vế Nếu vế diễn tả việc ko có thật=> đk L2 B2 : Xác định S, V vế B3: Xác định mệnh đề nguyên nhân ( because/since/as)=> mđề If Kết quả(therefore, so)=> mđề B4:) Xác định thể Nếu KĐ=>PĐ, PĐ=>KĐ B5: viết công thức => viết lại câu VII MAY/ MIGHT: Dùng để diễn tả hành độïng xảy tương lai Form: S + may/ might + Vo (I’m not sure where I spend on Tet holidays,but I may stay in Da Lat) * Dùng “may /might” diễn tả xin phép Ex: May I go out now, sir? VIII.PRONUNCIATION 1.Cách phát âm “ED” / id / /t/ ch, p, f/gh, s/x, k, sh, t,d ( t , p, f, s, gh, k, O,ʃ ) ( tiền đây) (sáng sớm chạy xe sh ghé khắp kả phố fường) wanted, decided stopped, kicked, laughed, missed, watched, washed, fixed 2.Cách phát âm “-S”, “-ES”: / iz / /s/ - s ,-ss, -ch, -sh, -x, -z ,-o, -ge, -ce “t,gh, th, p, k, f, t, “ (sẵn-sàng-chung-shức-xin-z-ơ-góp- (O, p, k, f, t ) cơm) (tớ ghét thời phong kiến fương tây) boxes , misses , quizzes , practices lamps , laughs , books , Editor : Thang Pham /d/ /b/,/g/,/v/,/z/,/m/, /n/,/l/,/r/ nguyên âm Còn lại loved, delivered /z/ /b/,/d/,/g/,/v/,/m/,/n/,/l/… nguyên âm Còn lại teachers , studies , explains -2- changes , watches , washes sits , months schools IX Phrasal verbs ( Động từ ghép) động từ với giới từ Look at: nhìn Look after : chăm soc Look for: tìm kiếm Look up : tra cứu Turn on: mở >< turn off Turn up: vặn lớn Turn down : vặn nhỏ lại Go on: tiếp tục Look forward to : trông mong X Making Suggestion: ( Cách nói câu đề nghị ) a S + Suggest + V-ing Ex: I suggest going to the restaurant b S Suggest + that + S + should + Vo Ex: I suggest that we should go to the restaurant c Why don’t we + Vo…? Ex: Why don’t we go to the restaurant ? d Shall we / Let’s + Vo Ex: Shall we go to the restaurant ? = Let’s go to the restaurant e What about / How about + V- ing ? Ex : What about going to the restaurant ? = How about going to the restaurant ? B BÀI TẬP Exercise 1: Relative Pronouns( Who/ which/ that) Neil Armstrong, _ walked on the moon, lived in the USA Judy really likes the full-moon festival _happens in mid- Fall Family members _live apart try to be together at Tet The men and animals _ you saw on TV last night are in Africa I like reading books _ tell about peoples and their cultures We all like the sticky rice cakes are made by our grandmother The boy, _ give you my book, is my student Auld Lang Syne is a song _ is sung on New Year’s Eve Exercise 2: Connectors ( because / since/ as/ so/ therefore/ and/ or/but/ however/ although ) Bill got wet he forgot his umbrella =>……………………………………………………………… _ she finds English is difficult, she enjoys learning it =>……………………………………………………… _ she was tired, she helped him with his homework => There is too much traffic , the air is polluted Minh failed the test , he has to the test again We decided not to go out for a meal _ we were too tired Passover is in late March _early April We are saving money we want to buy a new house He didn't have much money, _ he bought a lot of things at the shop for Tet 10 It was hot, _ I turned on the air conditioner 11 Two students are absent to day _ they are ill 12 _ Mrs Mai was very tired , she help her children with their homework 13 Would you like green tea _ milk tea? 14 Yesterday we bought potatoes, carrots _ cabbages at the market 15 The weather was very nice, _ we decided to go out for a walk Fill in the blank with given words in the brackets a Mrs Quyen bought corn, potatoes cabbages at the market (and / or) b I'd love to play volleyball I have to complete an assignment (and/ but) c Nam got wet he forgot his umbrella (so / because) Editor : Thang Pham -3- d Hoa failed her math test she has to the test again.(However / Therefore), e Do you want Vietnamese tea milk tea? (and/or) f It's raining, I can't go to the beach (so / however) g Ba's hobbies are playing football collecting stamps (and/or) h Na is very tired she has to finish her homework before she goes to bed (However / Therefore) Exercise3: Prepositions I turned _ the TV to see the weather forecast If you _ down the trees in the forest, there will be big floods She forgot to turn _ the faucet when she left for work It’s very nice _ you to say so! Linh didn't come to the party because he had to look _her younger sister –“What are you doing Lan?” –“ I’m _ my pencil” Mrs Ha is worried _ her recent water bill It’s enormous Fill in the blank with given words in the box turn on turn off look for look after go on a Hanh can't go to the movies with us tonight She will have to her little sister b If we wasting water, there will be a shortage of fresh water in a few decades c “ the TV for me, will you? I want to watch the weather forecast." d "I think I've lost my new pen I've it everywhere and I can't find it anywhere." e Mrs Yen forgot to the faucet when she left for work Exercise 4: vocabulary plumber parades typhoon forecast volcano Tornadoes On Easter Day people crowd the street to watch colorful _ My father never misses the weather _ on TV You should get a _to check the water pipes In north and south America, the stropical storm is called _ _are funnel-shaped storms which pass overland below thunderstorms Mount Pinatubo,which is a _ in the Philippines, erupted in 1991 electricty although between because celebration celebrate 0 Qui Nhon will be sunny tomorrow and the temperature will be 25 C and 30 C The most important for Vietnamese people is Tet We decided not to go out for a meal _ we were too tired We should take a shower instead of a bath to save _ Ba ate a lot of food _ he wasn’t hungry Mai is going to _ her birthday party tonight Excited Who pollution Musician Energy Nguyen Du was famous _ in Viet Nam They feft when Tet was coming near My friend Nigel, works in the City Bank , earn much more than I All member in her family are aware of saving _ Environmental _ is a serious problem facing mankind today Exercise 5: verbs form If it rains this evening, I (not, go) I suggest some money for poor children (raise) Kobe in Japan was completely in 1995 by a huge earthquake (destroy) If people _energy, there will be no shortage of electricity (save) Trung likes sports (watch) If Ba here tomorrow, I will phone you (come) Editor : Thang Pham -4- My sister enjoys to music.(listen) If the rice paddies are polluted, the rice plants (die) If he leaves now, he might (catch ) the last train to town 10 Mrs Mi suggests _ showers to save water 11 I suggest that we should _ money for the poor people in our neighborhood (save) 12 Let me congratulate you on _ the final exam (pass) 13 I would buy that house if I _ you 14 How about out for a walk.? (go) 15 If I had free time , I ( go) to the cinema with you 16 Shall we ( take) a picnic this weekend? 17 I (have) these cards since my birthday 18 The last time I (go) to Bristain was in August 19 Look! It (Snow) outside 20 I ( come) home late last night 21 I ( learn) ……………… English for four years Exercise 6: Adj / adverbs Mai is talking _ because she has done her test perfectly (happy) I’m _that I can go to Dalat this time.(excite) He loves his parents very much and wants them to be _ ( happy) You must listen to the tape _ before answering the questions (careful) Run _ or you'll not catch the ball (fast) We were very _ that you won’t the first prize (amaze) Hurry up! Don’t walk we’ll be late for class Lan is _ that you are working hard Fill in the blank with given words in the box happily, slowly, well, extremely, sadly a Hoa was _ pleased that she got an A for her assignment b The old man walked _ to the park c Tuan sighed _ when he heard that he failed the test d The baby laughed _ as she played with her toys e Mrs Nga speaks English quite _ Exercise 7: Match the sentences in column A with the suitable one in column B A We are very tired We want to buy a new house, If we are late again, We couldn’t meet you A I have passed the exam I think we should turn off the lights to save energy How about cleaning the beach? Your dress is beautiful! Editor : Thang Pham B a so we are saving money b we will lose the job c Because we were very busy d but we has to finish our homework” …… …… …… …… B a That’s a good idea b It’s nice of you to say so c well done d Great.Let’s that 3, -5- Exercise 8: Join the sentences Relative clauses My Aunt Judy is the woman she is holding Jack (who) => ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… This watch is a gift The watch was given to me by my aunt on my 14th birthday (which) => ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… The man was a famous expert He was giving a talk on saving energy.(who) I like reading books Books tell about different peoples and their cultures (which) I'll go to the airport to meet my friends They come to stay with us this Christmas (who) Auld Lang Syne is a song Auld Lang Syne is sung on New Year's Eve (which) Judy liked the full-moon festival very much The festival is celebrated in mid-fall (which) Tet is a festival Tet occurs in late January or early February.(which) Ba lives on Trang Tien Street He likes playing the guitar 10 Do you understand the word ? The teacher wrote it on the board (which) Exercise 9: combine the sentences 1.I'm hungry I haven't eaten all day.(because) => ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Ha is not satisfied with her preparations for Tet She has made plenty of cakes (even though) Mrs Thoa was tired, she helped Tuan with his homework.(Although) I have a broken leg I fell over while I was playing basketball.(as) Ba ate a lot of food, he wasn't very hungry (though) It rained yesterday, the weather forcaster predicted it was fine (although) I want to go home I feel sick (because) Ba is tired he stayed up late watching TV.(because) Because the weather was bad,We didn’t go camping (so) 10 I am studying very hard I want to get good marks (because) 11 The traffic was bad I arrived on time.(although) 12 I’m hungry I haven’t eaten all day (because) 13 Huong was tired She has to finish her homework ( However) Editor : Thang Pham -6- 14 Donna got the job, but she didn’t have the qualifications ( Although) Exercise 10: Conditional sentences Mrs Nga will join us, she finishes her work early (If) => ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… It rains this evening, I won’t go out.(If) => ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Lan will miss the bus, she doesn’t hurry => If => Unless………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Ha isn’t careful, he will drop the cup (If) => ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Mrs Binh writes a shopping list, she won’t forget what to buy (If) => ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Minh isn’t here, so he can’t help me => If……………………………………………………… I’m tired, so I can’t go to school =>…………………………………… Lan is late because she gets up late Exercise 11: Cau de nghi Shall we go to the cinema tonight? => what about ……………………… => Let’s …………………………………………… => Hung suggested ………………………………… Hoang suggested that we should clean the beach => Let’s…………………………… => Hoang suggested…………………………… => How about……………………………… I think it would be a good idea to take the train => Lan suggested…………………………… Exercise 12: Rearrange the words suggest/ some/ collecting/ I / money /./ =>………………….…………………… should/ suggest/ I / you/ work/ on/ harder/ your pronunciation/./ => I / you/ if/ would/ were/ that/ bike/ buy/./ 4.congratulated/ me/Minh/ passing/ on/ the exam/./ 5.raining/ it’s/ can’t / to the beach/ go / we/ so/./ Exercise 13: although => in spite of/ despite , because => because of Although it was a bad day, we went out for a picnic In spite of .………………………………………………………………… Although his leg was broken, he managed to get out of the car In spite of She went to bed early because she was sick => because of ………………………… Lan is late because she gets up late => because of…………………………… Editor : Thang Pham -7- Exercise 14: Reading Read the text then answer the following questions Tet or Lunar New Year is the main holiday for Vietnamese people It is the most important celebration in the year which falls sometimes beween January 19 and February 20 Tet marks the beginning of spring and it’s a time for family members who live apart try to be together The preparations and celebrations used to be spread over months but nowadays the holiday is much shorter However, there is great excitement building up well before Tet Streets are decorated with colored lights and red banners Shops are full of goods People buy gifts, clean and decorate their house and cook traditional foods On the first days of Tet people try to be nice and polite to others They visit their relatives or friends and exchange New Year’s wishes Children receive the “lucky money” inside red envelopes Many people go to the pagoda to pray for a happy new year for themselves and their family.Tet is really a time of fun and festivals throughout the country When is the Tet holiday in Vietnam?………………………………………………………………………………… What are streets decorated with? …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… What Vietnamese people often to prepare for the Tet? …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… Why people go to the pagoda? …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… True or False : Tet isn’t the main holiday of Vietnam. _ Lunar New year marks the beginning of spring. children receive lucky money inside the yellow envelopes. A lot of people go to the pagoda to pray for New Year. Exercise 15: pronunciation A parked A established A books A cuts .A piece A worked A hour .A scholar .A chronic 10 .A village 11 .A skin 12 A family 13 A tease 14 A phone 15 A where 16 .A bus 17 A listened Editor : Thang Pham B watched B belonged B students B lives B peas B played B here B.school B chemistry B forget B key B library B leader B orphan B dear B sat B worked C endangered C stationed C things C business C songs C stopped C hello C choral C character C bridge C chain C my C instead C Stephen C here C sure C lived D stopped D studied D delights D roles D prize D contain D house D chicken D.cheque D.edge D Christmas D seventy D peace D photo D clear D seek D played -8- ... now, sir? VIII.PRONUNCIATION 1.Cách phát âm “ED” / id / /t/ ch, p, f/gh, s/x, k, sh, t,d ( t , p, f, s, gh, k, O,ʃ ) ( tiền đây) (sáng sớm chạy xe sh ghé khắp kả phố fường) wanted, decided stopped,... =>………………….…………………… should/ suggest/ I / you/ work/ on/ harder/ your pronunciation/./ => I / you/ if/ would/ were/ that/ bike/ buy/./ 4.congratulated/ me/Minh/ passing/ on/ the exam/./ 5.raining/ it’s/ can’t... house He didn't have much money, _ he bought a lot of things at the shop for Tet 10 It was hot, _ I turned on the air conditioner 11 Two students are absent to day _ they are ill 12 _ Mrs