Criteria to classify Vowels

Criteria to classify Vowels Criteria to classify Vowels Criteria to classify Vowels Criteria to classify Vowels Criteria to classify Vowels Criteria to classify Vowels Criteria to classify Vowels Criteria to classify Vowels Criteria to classify Vowels Criteria to classify Vowels Criteria to classify Vowels Criteria to classify Vowels

CL ASSIFICATION OF ENGLISH VOWELS CLASSIFICATION OF ENGLISH VOWELS Vowel sounds are classified according to: the position of the tongue in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels 1) THE POSITION OF THE TONGUE IN THE MOUTH Front vowels are the ones in the production of which the front part of the tongue is raised the highest such as [i:] [i] [e] [æ] [a] When the central part of the tongue maintains its highest position, the vowels thus produced are central vowels such as [3:] [Ə] and [Λ] If the back of the tongue is held the highest, the vowels thus produced are back vowels such as [u:][u] 2)THE OPENNESS OF THE MOUTH Close vowels: [i:] [i] [u:] and [u]; Semi-close vowels: [e] and [3;] Semi-open vowels: [ə] and [Չ :] Open vowels: [æ] [a] [Λ] [Չ ] and [α:] 3) THE SHAPE OF THE LIPS •Rounded vowels: All the back vowels in English are rounded except [ɑ :] •Unrounded vowels: All the front vowels and central vowels in English are unrounded 4) THE LENGTH OF VOWELS Long vowels: They are usually marked with a colon such as[i:] and [ɑ :] Short vowels: other vowels in English are short vowels such as [e],[ə] and [æ] GIVE THE FOLLOWING PHONETIC SYMBOLS: Voiced palatal affricate Voiceless labiodental fricative Voiced alveolar stop Front close short Voiced bilabial stop GIVE THE PHONETIC FEATURES OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SOUNDS [s] [z] [k] Assimilation rules: Word-final alveolar become dental before dental fricatives; not thin ten thumps well thought  Bilabial and alveolar nasals /m, n/ become labio-dental before labiodental fricatives; ten forks come for me  Word-final labio-dental fricatives may become bilabial before bilabial plosives; live bird v ß  Word-final /l/ is non-velarised if followed by an initial vowel; fill it  Word-final /t/ become bilabial before bilabial consonants /p, b,m/; that pen / p pen/ that boy/ p b / that man / p m /  Word-final /d/ become voiced bilabial before bilabial consonants /p, b,m/; good pen /gub pen/  Word-final /t,d/ become velar before velar plosives; that cup / k k that girl / k g / good cup /gug k /  Word-final /n/ becomes bilabial before bilabial consonants; ten pens ten boys ten men  Word-final /n/ becomes velar before velar plosives/k, g/: Ten cups ten girls  Word-final /s,z/ become palato-alveolar before palato-alveolar fricatives and the palatal frictionless continuant/; This ship This year has she  Word-final /t,d,s,z/ alveolar affricates fricatives(/s,z/) become before (/t,d/) /j/ palatoor and /j/disappears; Would you, What you want, As yet, In case you need it  Word-final /d/ becomes a nasal before a nasal, at the place of articulation of the nasal;  Word-final /v/ becomes a nasal before a nasal;  Word-final lenis fricatives become fortis before an initial fortis consonant; ... vowels: All the back vowels in English are rounded except [ɑ :] •Unrounded vowels: All the front vowels and central vowels in English are unrounded 4) THE LENGTH OF VOWELS Long vowels: They are... MOUTH Close vowels: [i:] [i] [u:] and [u]; Semi-close vowels: [e] and [3;] Semi-open vowels: [ə] and [Չ :] Open vowels: [æ] [a] [Λ] [Չ ] and [α:] 3) THE SHAPE OF THE LIPS •Rounded vowels: All... highest position, the vowels thus produced are central vowels such as [3:] [Ə] and [Λ] If the back of the tongue is held the highest, the vowels thus produced are back vowels such as [u:][u]