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Fromkin et al 2011

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  • Contents

  • Preface

    • Highlights of This Edition

    • Acknowledgments

  • About the Authors

  • PART 1 The Nature of Human Language

    • Introduction: Brain and Language

      • The Human Brain

      • The Autonomy of Language

      • Language and Brain Development

      • Summary

      • References for Further Reading

      • Exercises

  • PART 2 Grammatical Aspects of Language

    • 1 Morphology: The Words of Language

      • Dictionaries

      • Content Words and Function Words

      • Morphemes: The Minimal Units of Meaning

      • Rules of Word Formation

      • Sign Language Morphology

      • Morphological Analysis: Identifying Morphemes

    • 2 Syntax: The Sentence Patterns of Language

      • What the Syntax Rules Do

      • Sentence Structure

      • Sentence Relatedness

      • UG Principles and Parameters

      • Sign Language Syntax

    • 3 The Meaning of Language

      • What Speakers Know about Sentence Meaning

      • Compositional Semantics

      • Lexical Semantics (Word Meanings)

      • Pragmatics

    • 4 Phonetics: The Sounds of Language

      • Sound Segments

      • Articulatory Phonetics

      • Prosodic Features

      • Phonetic Symbols and Spelling Correspondences

      • The “Phonetics” of Signed Languages

    • 5 Phonology: The Sound Patterns of Language

      • The Pronunciation of Morphemes

      • Phonemes: The Phonological Units of Language

      • Distinctive Features of Phonemes

      • The Rules of Phonology

      • Prosodic Phonology

      • Sequential Constraints of Phonemes

      • Why Do Phonological Rules Exist?

      • Phonological Analysis

  • PART 3 The Biology and Psychology of Language

    • 6 What Is Language?

      • Linguistic Knowledge

      • What Is Grammar?

      • Language Universals

      • Animal “Languages”

      • In the Beginning: The Origin of Language

      • Language and Thought

      • What We Know about Human Language

    • 7 Language Acquisition

      • Mechanisms of Language Acquisition

      • Knowing More Than One Language

    • 8 Language Processing: Humans and Computers

      • The Human Mind at Work: Human Language Processing

      • Computer Processing of Human Language

  • PART 4 Language and Society

    • 9 Language in Society

      • Dialects

      • Languages in Contact

      • Language and Education

      • Language in Use

    • 10 Language Change: The Syllables of Time

      • The Regularity of Sound Change

      • Phonological Change

      • Morphological Change

      • Syntactic Change

      • Lexical Change

      • Reconstructing “Dead” Languages

      • Extinct and Endangered Languages

      • The Genetic Classification of Languages

      • Types of Languages

      • Why Do Languages Change?

    • 11 Writing: The ABCs of Language

      • The History of Writing

      • Modern Writing Systems

      • Writing and Speech

  • Glossary

  • Index

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