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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES MA THỊ BÔNG INVESTIGATING VIETNAMESE- ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF EXHIBIT LABELS AT THE MUSEUM OF VIETNAMESE ETHNIC CULTURES, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ CÁCH DỊCH VIỆT- ANH TÊN CÁC HIỆN VẬT TẠI BẢO TÀNG VĂN HÓA CÁC DÂN TỘC VIỆT NAM TỈNH THÁI NGUYÊN Field: English Linguistics Code: 60 22 02 01 MA MINOR THESIS Ha Noi, November, 2017 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES MA THỊ BÔNG INVESTIGATING VIETNAMESE- ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF EXHIBIT LABELS AT THE MUSEUM OF VIETNAMESE ETHNIC CULTURES, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ CÁCH DỊCH VIỆT- ANH TÊN CÁC HIỆN VẬT TẠI BẢO TÀNG VĂN HÓA CÁC DÂN TỘC VIỆT NAM TỈNH THÁI NGUYÊN Field: English Linguistics Code: 60 22 02 01 MA MINOR THESIS Supervisor: Assoc Prof.Lê Hùng Tiến Ha Noi, November, 2017 CANDIDATE’S STATEMENT -***** I hereby certify that the thesis enlabeld Investigating Vietnamese- English translation of exhibit labels at Museum of Vietnamese Ethnics’ Cultures, Thai Nguyen provinceis the result of my own research for the Degree of Master of Arts at Vietnam National University, Hanoi University of Languages and International Studies (ULIS) and that this thesis has not been submitted for any assessment in any other formal courses of study elsewhere Signature: Date: i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the complement of my thesis, I have received generous advice and a great deal of support from a number of people Firstly, I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Assoc Prof Le Hung Tien, for his enthusiastic guidance, constructive critical feedback and generous help in the process of completing my thesis My special thanks approve to all my respected lecturers in the M.A course for their informative and valuable lectures and the administrative staff of the Department of Post Graduate Studies, ULIS, for their help, guidance, enthusiasm and valuable support during my course of study I would like to express my gratefulness to all the staff working at Museum of Vietnamese Ethnics‟ cultures in Thai Nguyen Province for their kind cooperation and valuable support, which considerably contributed to the completion of my work Finally, I would like to acknowledge my dear family for their love, material and spiritual support throughout this research I also wish to thank all my friends who always stand by me with their consideration and encouragement Ma Thị Bông ii ABSTRACT Museum is the place where cultural and historical values are preserved and popularized to the young generation and the foreigners One of the most important issues in propagating Vietnamese culture to the oversea visitors is the translating exhibits‟ names into foreign languages The research aims to investigate the Vietnamese- English translation of exhibit labels at the Museum of Vietnamese Ethnics‟ cultures at Thai Nguyen City In this study qualitative method and observation are applied to find out the most common translation strategies, procedures and methods used in translating exhibit labels with the detail analysis of each strategy‟s advantages and disadvantages From the findings of the study, some suggestions for the translators when dealing with cultural words are given To answer all the research questions, the research supplies readers with a foundational knowledge of translation through literature review section Then the data are analyzed for the conclusion of the study iii TABLE OF CONTENTS CANDIDATE‟S STATEMENT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .1 SL TL : Source language : Target language PART A: INTRODUCTION Statement of the problem and the rationale of the study 2 Significance of the study 3 Aims of the study Scope of the study Research questions Methodology of the study .4 6.1 The current context of translation of exhibit labels at the Vietnamese Ethnics‟ Culture Museum .4 6.2 The data collection criteria 6.3 Research methods .4 6.4 Data collection procedure Organization of the study PART B: DEVELOPMENT .6 CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.1 Previous studies 1.2 Definition of translation .6 1.3 Translation equivalence .7 iv Problems with non-equivalent at word level 10 1.5 Translation strategies 13 Translation procedures 17 1.7 Translation method 23 CHAPTER 2: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 27 2.1 The strategies used in the translation of exhibit labels 27 2.1.1 Translation by a more general word 27 2.1.2 Translation by a more neutral/ less expressive word 28 2.1.3 Translation by cultural substitution .28 2.1.4 Translation using a loan word or loan word plus explanation 29 2.1.5 Translation by paraphrase using related words .30 2.1.6 Translation by omission 31 2.2 Translation procedures and methods used in translating exhibit labels .31 2.2.1 Transference 31 2.2.2 Literal translation 32 2.2.3 Transposition 33 2.2.4 Cultural equivalent 33 2.2.5 Descriptive equivalent .34 2.2.6 Reduction 34 2.2.7 Couplets 35 2.3 Some suggestions for translating cultural words .35 PART C: CONCLUSION 37 REFERENCES 41 APPENDIX v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS SL : Source language TL : Target language PART A: INTRODUCTION This part presents the rationale for the study which consists of sections: (1) States the problem and the rationale of the study (2) and (3): Clarify the significance, aims, and objectives of study as well (4): Provides the scope and limitation of study (5): Proposes the research questions (6) Methodology of the study (7): Brief organization of study Statement of the problem and the rationale of the study In Vietnam as well as every country in the world, museum is considered as the place where cultural values are preserved and exhibited It collects and conserves cultural exhibits and the record of humanity which deepen people‟s understanding and appreciation of their history and culture Museum of Vietnamese Ethnics‟ Culturesbuilt in 1960 and situated at Thai Nguyen City center is the cultural site which exhibiting and preserving cultural and historical values of all ethnic groups in Vietnam People visiting the museum not only amuse themselves but also study Vietnamese culture Among the visitors of the museum, there are a lot of foreigners, scientists and students In order to welcome foreigners and better their knowledge about Vietnamese culture, all the exhibit labels are written in Vietnamese and then translated into English and French There is no doubt that the translation process of exhibit labels is not easy because many Vietnamese cultural concepts not have equivalents in English The translators have to apply numerous translation strategies to make all the concepts comprehensible to the visitors So far, translation aspects have always been a noteworthy field for many researchers; however, little investigation on the Vietnamese- English translation of exhibit labels has been conducted Therefore a study on this aspect is really essential With the hope of investigating the most popular translation strategies, procedure and method used in exhibit labels translation as well as giving some useful suggestions in translating cultural concepts, the author would like to carry out this minor thesis 2 Significance of the study Theoretically, investigating of Vietnamese- English translation of exhibit labels at Vietnamese ethnics‟ culture museum in Thai Nguyen city can be a theoretical foundation for the latter studies related to this field The outcome of this investigation raises the interest and curiosity of other researchers to deal with the Vietnamese- English translation of exhibit labels in other museums Practically, this study helps to determine the most common translation strategies, procedures and methods used by translators in translating exhibit labels from Vietnamese into English It also points out the benefits and drawbacks when applying each strategy in translating exhibit labels Furthermore, the research gives some suggestions and implication that would be useful for cultural concepts translation Aims of the study The study aims at:  Analyzing the most common translation strategies, procedures and methods used in the Vietnamese-English translation of exhibit labels  Analyzing the advantages and the shortcomings of each strategy in the translation  Giving some suggestions for translators when dealing with cultural concepts Scope of the study Each label of exhibit consists of the label and a description telling about its age, material, collector, and artist The study limits itself to the analysis of Vietnamese- English translation of exhibit labels Research questions  What are the most common translation strategies in the Vietnamese- English translation of exhibit labels? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy used?  What translation procedures and methods are widely used in translating exhibit labels from Vietnamese into English? What are their benefits and ... LABELS AT THE MUSEUM OF VIETNAMESE ETHNIC CULTURES, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ CÁCH DỊCH VIỆT- ANH TÊN CÁC HIỆN VẬT TẠI BẢO TÀNG VĂN HÓA CÁC DÂN TỘC VIỆT NAM TỈNH THÁI NGUYÊN Field: English... The SL word is semantically complex This is a fairly common problem in translation A single word which consists of a single morpheme can sometimes express a more complex set of meanings than a... procedures and methods applied in the Vietnamese- English translation of exhibit labels at Museum of Vietnamese Ethnics‟ cultures and finding out the most common and suitable method to deal with