Nghiên cứu chiết xuất phẩm màu củ dền đỏ

ĈҤI HӐ&Ĉ¬1 ҸNG 75Ѭ Ӡ1*Ĉ ҤI HӐ&6Ѭ3+ ҤM KHOA +Ï$ TRN THTHU TRANG 1*+,ầ1& U CHIT XUT 3+00ơ8&'1 +ẽ$/8 ҰN TӔT NGHIӊP CӰ 1+Ỉ1.+2$+ ӐC Ĉj1 ҹng ±1ăP 2017 I H&ơ1 NG 75 1* I H&63+ M +2$+ẽ$ 1*+,ầ1& ӬU CHIӂT XUҨT 3+Ҭ00¬8&Ӫ'ӄ1Ĉ Ӓ +Ï$/8 ҰN TӔT NGHIӊP CӰ 1+Ỉ1.+2$+ ӐC 6LQKYLrQWK ӵc hiӋ n: Trҫn ThӏThu Trang Lӟp : 13CHD 1Jѭ ӡLKѭ ӟng dүn : *676ĈjR+QJ&ѭ ӡng Ĉj1 ҹng ±1ăP Ĉҥ i hӑFĈj1ҹ ng CӝQJKzD[mK ӝi chӫQJKƭD9LӋ t Nam 7UѭӡQJĈҥ i hӑF6ѭ3Kҥ m Ĉӝ c lұp- Tӵ do- Hҥ QKSK~F KRD+yD NHIӊM VӨ.+Ï$/8 ҰN TӔT NGHIӊP HӑYjWrQVLQKYLrQ75 ҪN THӎTHU TRANG Lӟp : 13CHD 7rQÿӅ WjL 1JKLrQF ӭu chiӃ t xuҩ t phҭ PPjXW ӯcӫdӅQÿӓ 1JX\rQOL Ӌ u, dөng cөYjWKL Ӄ t bӏ - 1JX\rQOL Ӌ u: CӫdӅQÿӓÿѭӧ c thu mua tҥ i chӧ+zD.KiQKTX ұ Q/LrQ&KL ӇX73Ĉj Nҹ ng - Dөng cө : BӝWUtFKO\EuQKÿӏ nh mӭFEuQKWDPJLiFSLSHW ӕc, ӕQJÿRQJ« - ThiӃ t bӏ : BӃ SFiFKWK ӫ\OzQXQJW ӫsҩ \Pi\89 - VI6FkQSKkQWtFK phәhҩ p thө$$6Pi\V ҩ\SKXQ« Nӝ LGXQJQJKLrQF ӭu - ;iFÿӏ nh mӝWYjLWK{QJV ӕvұWOêÿӝҭPKjPOѭӧQJWUR ng kim loҥ i nһ ng - Khҧ RViWFiF\ Ӄ u tӕ(tӹlӋrҳ n- lӓng, thӡi gian chiӃ t, nhiӋWÿӝ chiӃ t) cӫ DTXiWUu chiӃ t xuҩ t phҭ PPjXW ӯcӫdӅQÿӓ bҵQJSKѭѫQJSKiSWUtFKO\ - Thu hӗ i phҭ PPjXE ҵQJSKѭѫQJSKiSVҩ y phun ng dү n: *676ĈjR+QJ&ѭӡ ng *LiRYLrQKѭӟ WjL 15/7/2016 1Jj\JLDRÿӅ 27/3/2017 1Jj\KRjQWKjQK ChӫnhiӋ m khoa *LiRY LrQKѭӟ ng dү n 3*676/r7 ӵHҧ i *676ĈjR+QJ& ng 6LQKYLrQÿmKRjQWKjQKYjQӝ SEiRFiRY ӅFKR.KRDQJj\«WKiQJ KӃ t quҧÿLӇPÿiQKJLi«««« Ĉj1ҹQJQJj\«WKiQJ CHӪTӎ CH HӜ,ĈӖ NG LӠI CҦ0Ѫ1 7{L[LQEj\ ӓOzQJ ӃWѫQ EL VkXV E ҳFÿӃ QTXê ҫ\ F{WURQJNKRD+ WK KӃ WOzQJJL ҧ ng dҥ y, truyӅQÿҥ WFKRW{LQK ӳng kiӃ n thӭFFѫEҧ n- OjKjQKWUDQJ JLiFKRW{LY ӳQJEѭӟFYjRÿӡ i 7{LY{FQJEL ӃWѫQVӵJL~Sÿӥ nhiӋ WWuQKF ӫ DTXêWK ҫ \F{SK өWUiFKSKzQJ nghiӋPNKRD+yDÿmWҥ o ÿLӅ u kiӋ QFKRW{LKR jQWKjQKNKyDOX ұ n 7{L[LQFKkQWKjQKF ҧPѫQ*676ĈjR+QJ&ѭӡQJÿ ng dү n, tҥ o mӑLÿLӅ u kiӋ n thuұ n lӧLFKRW{LWURQJVX ӕWTXiWUuQKWK ӵc hiӋQÿӅ WjL Xin cҧPѫQJLDÿuQKYjEҥQEqW{LÿmOX nhӳQJêNL Ӄ QTXê EiXJL~SW{LKRjQWKL ӋQKѫQOXұQYăQQj\ ;LQFKkQWKjQKF ҧPѫQ Ĉj1ҹQJQJj\WKiQJ 6LQKYLrQ Trҫ n ThӏThu Trang MӨC LӨC MӢĈҪ U 7tQKF ҩ p thiӃ t cӫDÿ ӅWjL MөFWLrXQJKLrQF ӭu ĈӕLWѭӧ QJYjSK ҥ PYLQJKLrQF ӭu 3KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭ u BӕcөFÿӅ WjL éQJKƭDN hoa hӑFYjWK ӵc tiӉ n cӫDÿӅ WjL éQJKƭDNKRDKӑ c éQJKƭDWKӵ c tiӉ n &+ѬѪ1* TӘNG QUAN 1.1 Tә ng quan vӅcӫdӅQÿӓ 7rQJ ӑLYjSKkQOR ҥ i thӵc vұ t ĈһFÿLӇ m thӵc vұ t hӑ c ĈһFÿLӇ PVLQKWKiL &{QJG өng cӫa cӫdӅ n 1.3 Tә ng quan vӅchҩ WPjXWK ӵc phҭ m 1.3.1 Tҫ m quan trӑng cӫa viӋ c sӱdө ng chҩ WPjXWURQJFK ӃbiӃ n thӵc phҭ m 9DLWUzFK ҩ WPjXWK ӵc phҭ m 3KkQOR ҥ i chҩ WPjXWK ӵc phҭ m 1.3.4 1JX\rQW ҳ c sӱdө ng chҩ WPjXWK ӵc phҭ m 1.4 Giӟi thiӋ u vӅchҩ WPjXEHWDF\DQLQ 10 .KiLQL Ӌ m vӅchҩ WPjXEHWDODLQYjEHWDF\DQL 10 &{QJWK ӭFSKkQW ӱYjF ҩ u tҥ o cӫa betacyanin 10 1.4.3 Cҩ XWU~FKyDK ӑc cӫ DFiFEHWDODLQYjEHWDF\DQL .11 7tQKFK ҩ t vұ WOêYjKyDK ӑ c cӫa betacyanin 12 1.4.5 ChӭFQăQJVLQKKӑ FYj ӭng dөng .14 7uQKKuQKNKDLWKiFYj ӭng dөng betacyanin tӵnKLrQOjPFK ҩ WPjXWK ӵc phҭ m 15 1.5 Tә ng quan vӅFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSFKLӃ t .16 &iFNKiLQL ӋPFѫEҧ n vӅTXiWUuQKFKL Ӄ t 16 &iF\ Ӄ u tӕҧQKKѭӣ ng tӟLTXiWUuQKFKL Ӄ t 17 &iFSKѭѫQJSK iSFKL Ӄ t .19 1.6 Mӝ t sӕF{QJWUuQKQJKLrQF ӭu vӅcӫdӅ n 19 &iFF{QJWUuQKQJKLrQF ӭu tҥ i ViӋ t Nam 19 &iFF{QJWUuQKQJKLrQF ӭXWUrQWK Ӄgiӟi 20 &+1* ,71*9ơ3+1*3+ẩ31*+,ầ1 U 21 1JX\rQOL Ӌ u, dө ng cө KyDFK ҩ t .21 1JX\rQOL Ӌ u .21 +yDFK ҩ t, dөng cөYjWKL Ӄ t bӏQJKLrQF ӭu 21 3KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭ u 22 3KѭѫQJSKiS WUӑQJOѭӧ ng 22 3Kѭѫ QJSKiSTXDQJSK ә hҩ p thө QJX\rQW ӱ (AAS) 23 3KѭѫQJSKiSWUtFKO\WKXQKұ n dӏ ch chiӃ t phҭ PPjX .26 3KѭѫQJSKiSÿRTXD ng .26 &{QJQJK Ӌsҩ y phun 28 &iFQJKLrQF ӭu thӵc nghiӋ m 30 6ѫÿӗ thӵc nghiӋ m 30 2.3.2 Khҧ RViWFiF\ Ӄ u tӕҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃ QTXiWUuQKFKL Ӄ WWiFK 33 2.3.3 KhҧRViWÿӝ bӅ QPj u cӫa dӏ ch chiӃ t tӯcӫdӅQÿӓWURQJFiFÿ u kiӋ n bҧ o quҧ QNKiFQKDX 33 &+ѬѪ1* KӂT QUҦ9¬7+ ҦO LUҰN 35 3.1 KӃ t quҧ[iF ÿӏ QKFiFWK{QJV ӕvұ WOê 35 Ĉӝҭ m .35 +jPOѭӧ ng tro 35 +jPOѭӧ ng kim loҥ i 35 3.2 KӃ t quҧQJKLrQF ӭu chiӃ t phҭ PPjXW ӯcӫdӅQÿӓ bҵQJQѭӟ c cҩ t 36 ;iFÿӏQKEѭӟ FVyQJK ҩ p thө cӵFÿҥ i 36 3.2.2 Khҧ RViWFiF\ Ӄ u tӕҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃ QTXiWUuQKFKL Ӄ t bҵQJQѭӟ c cҩ t 37 3.3 KӃ t quҧkhҧRViWÿӝ bӅ QPjXF ӫ a dӏ ch chiӃ t cӫdӅ n troQJFiFÿLӅ u kiӋ n bҧ o quҧ n NKiFQKDX .43 ĈӅ xuҩ WTX\WUuQKWKXQK ұ n bӝWPjXW ӯ dӏ ch chiӃ t cӫ dӅQÿӓ 45 3.5 Sҧ n xuҩ t thӵc nghiӋPYjÿiQKJLiFKҩWOѭӧ ng phҭ PPjXW ӯcӫdӅQÿӓ 45 &iFFK ӍWLrXF ҧ m quan 46 3.5.2 KhҧRViWEѭӟ FVyQJF ӫ a bӝWPjXVDXNKLV ҩ y phun 47 3.5.3 Khҧ RViWP ӝt yӃ u tӕcӫa bӝWPjXVDXNKLV ҩ y phun 47 KӂT LUҰ19¬., ӂN NGHӎ 7¬,/, ӊU THAM KHҦO DANH MӨ&&È&% ҦNG SӕhiӋ u 7rQE ҧng bҧng 1.1 Trang LiӅ u sӱdө QJFKRSKpSF ӫ a mӝt sӕchҩ WPjXK ӳXFѫWә ng hӧp 1.2 Mӝt sӕchҩ WPjXW ӵQKLrQWK{QJG өng 8, 3.1 KӃ t quҧ[iFÿӏQKÿӝҭ m cӫ a cӫdӅQWѭѫL 35 3.2 KӃ t quҧ[iFÿӏQKKjPOѭӧ ng tro cӫdӅQÿӓ 35 3.3 +jPOѭӧ ng kim loҥ i cӫ dӅQÿӓ 36 3.4 KӃ t quҧkhҧ RViWQKL ӋWÿӝ chiӃ t theo mұWÿӝ quang 38 3.5 KӃ t quҧkhҧ RViWWK ӡi gian chiӃ t theo mұWÿӝ quang 40 3.6 KӃ t quҧkhҧ RViWW ӹlӋchiӃ t theo mұWÿӝ quang 42 3.7 KӃ t quҧkhҧRViWÿӝ bӅ QPjXF ӫ a dӏ ch chiӃ t betacyanin 3.8 &iFFK ӍWLrXF ҧ m quan cӫa bӝWPjX 46 3.9 KӃ t quҧÿӝ WDQYjNK ҧQăQJPҩ WPjXF ӫa bӝ WPjX 48 3.10 ҦQKKѭӣ ng cӫDS+ÿӃ QPjXF ӫa bӝWPjX 49 43, 44 DANH MӨ&&È&+Ỵ1+ SӕhiӋ u 7rQKuQK KuQK Trang 1.1 &k\F ӫdӅQÿӓ 1.2 CӫdӅQÿӓ 1.3 Canh cӫdӅ n 1.4 Salad cӫdӅ n 1.5 1ѭӟ FpSF ӫ dӅ n 1.6 6~SF ӫdӅ n 1.7 0jXV ҳ c cӫ DFiFOR ҥLKRD[ѭѫQJUӗQJWKD\ÿә i theo tӹlӋ 10 EHWD[DQWKLQYjEHWDF\DQLQ 1.8 &{QJWK ӭc cҩ u tҥ o cӫa betacyanin 1.9 Cҩ XWU~FSKkQW ӱD[LWEHWDODPLFYj vjLEHWDF\DQLQWKѭӡ ng 12 11 gһ p 1.10 ҦQKKѭӣ ng cӫDS+ÿӃ QPjXV ҳ c cӫa betacyanin 1.11 &iFG ҥ ng sҧ n phҭ m chҩ WPjXEHWDF\DQLQW ӯcӫcҧLÿѭӡ ng 16 2.1 1JX\rQOL Ӌ u cӫdӅ n WѭѫL 21 2.2 0i\V ҩ y phun mini ±B290 ±Standard mini spray dryver 29 2.3 6ѫÿӗ chiӃ WWiFKF ӫ dӅQÿӓ bҵQJGXQJP{LQѭӟ c cҩ t 31 2.4 6ѫÿӗ TX\WUuQKG ӵ kiӃ n sҧ n xuҩ t chҩ WPjXEHWDF\DQLQW ӯ 32 13 cӫdӅQÿӓ 2.5 6ѫÿӗ bӕ WUtWKtQJKL ӋPÿiQKJLiÿӝ bӅ QPjXF ӫ a dӏ ch 34 chiӃ t betacyanin 3.1 %ѭӟ FVyQJ hҩ p thu cӵFÿҥ i cӫa dӏ ch chiӃ t tӯ cӫ dӅQÿӓ 37 3.2 +uQK ҧ nh cӫ a dӏ ch chiӃ t 38 3.3 ҦQKKѭӣ ng cӫ a nhiӋWÿӝ chiӃWÿӃ n mұWÿӝ quang 38 3.4 PhәUV ±VIS khҧ RViWQKL ӋWÿӝ chiӃ t tӯcӫdӅQÿӓ 39 3.5 +uQK ҧ nh cӫ DFiFG ӏ ch chiӃ t 40 3.6 ҦQKKѭӣ ng cӫ a thӡi gian chiӃWÿӃ n mұWÿӝ quang 40 3.7 PhәUV- VIS khҧ RViWWK ӡi gian chiӃ t tӯcӫdӅQÿӓ 41 3.8 +uQK ҧ QKFiFG ӏ ch chiӃ t 42 3.9 PhәUV- VIS khҧ RViWW ӹlӋchiӃ t tӯcӫdӅ n 42 3.10 Mү u bҧ o quҧ n ӣnhiӋWÿӝ SKzQJ 43 3.11 3.12 Mү u bҧ o quҧ n ӣ4oC Ĉӝ bӅ QPjXF ӫa betacyanin 43 44 3.13 6ѫÿӗ thu nhұ n bӝWPjXW ӯ dӏ ch chiӃ t cӫ dӅQÿӓ 45 3.14 Bӝ t phҭ PPjXVDXNKLV ҩ y phun 46 3.15 PhәUV- 9,6Eѭӟ FVyQJK ҩ p thөcӵFÿҥ i cӫ a phҭ PPjX 47 3.16 +uQK ҧQKÿӝ WDQYjNK ҧQăQJPҩ WPjXF ӫa bӝ WPjX 48 3.17 0jXWKD\ÿә i theo pH 49 .KyDOX ұn tӕ t nghiӋ p GVHD: *676ĈjR+QJ ng E7iFG ͭQJG˱ͫ c h͕ c NhӳQJQJKLrQF ӭu gҫQÿk\ÿmFKRWKҩ y cӫcҧLÿѭӡ QJOjP ӝ t 10 loҥ i rau quҧFyWiFG өQJR[\KyDP ҥ nh nhҩ W+DQYRUVHQYjFWY dӏ ch chiӃ t cӫcҧLÿѭӡ QJFyWK Ӈÿѭӧ c sӱdөQJQKѭOjPӝ WSKѭѫQJWKXӕF a ung WKѭYjFKӕQJ[ѫYӳDÿӝ ng mҥFKĈLӅXQj\ÿѭӧ c giҧ LWKtFKOjGRF ӫ cҧLÿѭӡ ng chӭa mӝWKjPOѭӧ QJNKiO ӟn betacyanin (300-PJNJ %HWDF\DQ өQJ QKѭOj mӝ t chҩ t chӕ QJR[\KyDQK ӡkhҧQăQJEҳ t giӳFiFJ ӕc tӵGRFyWK ӇOj Pÿӝ t biӃ n tӃEjRYjJk\UDQK ӳng rӕ i loҥ n sӵWUDRÿә i chҩ W7iFG өng chӕQJR[\Ky rҩ t tӕ t cӫDEHWDF\DQLQFNJQJÿѭӧ c giҧ LWKtFKE ӣi khҧQăQJKҩ p thөtӕt betacyanin bӣi WKjQKUX ӝ WQRQYjV ӵgҳ n kӃ t dӉGjQJF ӫ a betacyanin vӟLPjQJW ӃEjRGRV ӵFyP һ t cӫ a QKyPÿӏ nh chӭc cationic (-NH+) 7uQKKuQKNKDLWKiFYj ӭng dөng betacyanin tӵQKLrQOjPFK ҩWPjX thӵc phҭm Nguӗ n betacyanin tӵQKLrQFK ӫyӃXÿѭӧFNKDLWKiFWKѭѫQJ i hiӋ QQD\OjF ӫcҧL ÿѭӡ QJ+uQK ' ӏ ch chiӃ t betacyanin tӯnguӗ QQJX\rQO LrXQj\FK ӭa khoҧ ng  EHWDF\DQLQ 1JRjL ng nhӓ UD sҳ c tӕ FNJQJ EHWD[DQWKLQ Fy PӝW YjQJ WX\QKLrQPjXQj\E ӏPjXWtPÿӓ cӫa betacyanin lҩ WiW>@1JRj ҩ WPjX betacyanin, dӏ ch chiӃ t cӫcҧLÿѭӡ QJFzQFyFK ӭDFiFÿѭӡ ng, muӕ i hoһ FFiFSURW in tӵQKLrQ'RY ұ\VDXNKLF{ÿһ c, sҧ n phҭPWK{ÿѭӧ c tinh chӃÿӇ loҥ i bӓFiFW ҥ p chҩ t Qj\1JRjLUDFiFD[LWWK ӵc phҭ PYtG ө: axit citric, lactic, L-DVFRUELF Fy Ӈÿѭӧ c WKrPYjROjPWiFQKkQNK ӕ ng chӃS+YjFK ҩ t әQÿӏ nh Sҧ n phҭPEHWDF\DQLQ mҥ LFyWK ӇӣGѭӟ i dҥ ng dӏ ch chiӃWF{ÿһ c hay ӣdҥ ng bӝWNK{E ҵ QJFiFKWU ӝ n chҩ t PDQJWKtFKK ӧp vӟi dӏ ch chiӃWF{ÿһ c rӗi sҩ \SKXQ &iFV ҧ n phҭ PEHWDF\DQLQ tinh chӃÿmYjÿDQJÿѭӧ c sӱdөng rӝQJUmLOjPSK өgia tҥ RPjXY ӟi sҧQOѭӧ QJKjQJ QăPӣ(8FyO ~FOrQÿӃ n gҫ n 4000 tҩQYjÿDQJFy[XKѭӟQJQ HiӋQQD\FNJQJFy t sӕQJKLrQF ӭu sinh Pӝ tәng hӧp betacyanin bҵQJSKѭѫQJ SKiSQX{LF ҩ \P{V ҽ o tӃEjRF ӫcҧLÿѭӡ QJ0XNXQGDQYjFWY ctv., 2002) Tuy vұ y, sҧ n phҭ m chҩWPj XWKXÿѭӧ FFyJLiWKjQKTXi thӇӭ ng dөQJWKѭѫQJPҥ i Do dӏ ch chiӃ t cӫcҧLÿѭӡQJFyPLÿҩ WYjQ ӗQJÿӝ QLWULWHYjQLWUD SVTH: Trҫ n ThӏThuTrang 15 .KyDOX ұn tӕ t nghiӋ p *9+'*676ĈjR+ ng NK{QJK ҩ p dүQQJѭӡ LWLrXGQ JQrQJ ҫ n ÿk\ÿm[Xҩ t hiӋQ[XKѭӟ QJQJKLrQF ӭu chiӃ t betacyanin tӯcӫdӅQÿӓ thay thӃcho cӫcҧLÿѭӡ ng [8], [9], [10] KӃ t quҧQJKLrQF ӭu cho thҩ\ ÿk\ FNJQJ n betacyanin Oj tiӅPQăQJ QJXӗ NKDLWKiF FyWKӇ ӭng dөQJOjP chҩ WPjXWK ӵc phҭ m +uQK &iFG ̩ng s̫n pẖm ch̭ WPjXEHWDF\DQLQW ͳcͯc̫Lÿ˱ͥ ng 1.5 Tәng quan vӅFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSFKLӃ t &iFNKiLQL ӋPFѫEҧ n vӅTXiWUuQKFKL Ӄ t ChiӃ WOjTXiWUuQKFKX\ Ӈ n chҩ t cҫ n chiӃ WU~WWURQJQJX\rQOL Ӌ XYjRGXQJP ÿѭӧ c thӵc hiӋ n bҵ ng khuӃ cKWiQSKkQW ӱ YjNKX ӃFKWiQÿӕLOѭX [1] a Khu͇ FKWiQSKkQW ͵ /j ӵchuyӇ V n vұ t chҩ t cҫ n chiӃ W U~W ӯSKD W Qj\ VDQJ ӵchuyӇQ SKD NKi ÿӝ ng nhiӋ t hӛn loҥQWURQJP{LWUѭӡQJWƭQK KhuӃ FKWiQSKkQW ӱWKHRÿӏ nh luұ t Fick I: = DS 7URQJÿy dm dt : tӕFÿӝ KzDWDQFK ҩ t cҫ n chiӃ t S: diӋ QWtFKWL Ӄ S[~FJL ӳa chҩ t cҩ n chiӃ WYjGXQJP{L dC dt : gradient nӗQJÿӝ D: hӋsӕkhuӃ FKWiQSKkQW ӱ, phөthuӝ FYjRQKL ӋWÿӝ7 ÿӝ nhӟt cӫ DGXQJP{L YjEiQNtQKSKkQW ӱchҩ t cҫ n chiӃ WU WKHRF{QJWK ӭc Einstein: k.T D= SVTH: Trҫ n ThӏThuTrang 6.ʌ.r.M 16 .KyDOX ұn tӕ t nghiӋ p *9+'*676ĈjR+ ng (k: hҵ ng sӕBoltzmann) 1KѭYұ y, tӕFÿӝ khuӃ FKWiQSKkQW ӱ FjQJP ҥ QKNKLFKrQKO Ӌ ch nӗQJÿӝ chҩ t cҫ n chiӃ t giӳa pha tiӃ S[~FQKDXGL Ӌ QWtFKE Ӆmһ t tiӃ p [~FJL ӳQJX\rQOL Ӌ XYjGXQJP FjQJO ӟn, nhiӋWÿӝ FjQJFDRY jNtFKWKѭӟ FSKkQW ӱchҩ t cҫ n chiӃ WFjQJQK ӓ b Khu͇FKWiQÿ͙LO˱X /jV ӵvұ n chuyӇ n vұ t chҩ t tӯP{LWUѭӡQJQj\VDQJP{L QJNKiFWURQJ chuyӇQÿӝ ng cӫa chҩ t lӓ ng ӣchӃÿӝ chҧ \[Ri\.KX ӃFKWiQÿӕLOѭXO chuyӃ n vұ t chҩ t dung dӏ ch ӣphҥ m vi nhӓ KhuӃFKWiQÿӕLOѭXWKHRÿӏ nh luұ t Sucarep: = B.S.dC 7URQJÿy GPGWG&Yj6FyêQJKƭDJLӕQJQKѭ c khuӃ FKWiQSKkQW ӱӣ WUrQ B: hҵ ng sӕtӕFÿӝ khuӃFKWiQÿӕLOѭX Trong khuӃ FKWiQSKkQW ӱsӵdi chuyӇ n vұ t chҩ t nhӡYjR ÿӝQJQăQJFӫ a chuyӇ n ÿӝ ng nhiӋ WSKkQW ӱ Trong khuӃFKWiQÿӕLOѭXGLFKX\Ӈ n vұ t chҩ t nhӡYjRQăQJO ng ErQQJRjLG ү n tӟi KhuӃ FKWiQSKkQW ӱYjӃFKWiQÿӕLOѭXÿѭӧ NKX c gӑ LOjNKX Ӄ FKWiQ nӗQJÿӝYu ÿӝ ng lӵc cӫDTXiWUuQKNKX ӃFKWiQÿӅ XOjGRFKrQKO Ӌ ch nӗ nJÿӝ &iF\ Ӄ u tӕҧQKKѭӣ ng tӟLTXiWUuQKFKL Ӄ t 7URQJTXiWUuQKFKL ӃWÿӇÿҥWÿѭӧ c vұ n tӕc chiӃ WYjKL Ӌ u suҩ t chiӃ t cao, cҫ n cҫ n OѭXêFiF\Ӄ u tӕ sau [2] &KrQKO Ӌ ch nӗQJÿӝ chҩ t cҫ n chiӃ t ӣWURQJQJX\rQOL Ӌ XYjGXQJP{LS ҧ i cao ÿӇ TXiWUuQKNKX Ӄ FKWiQFiFSKkQW ӱ cҫ n chiӃ WFjQJP ҥ nh Muӕ n vұ \ Fy Ӈlӧi dө WK QJ QJX\rQ ӃW QJѭӧFGzQJ Oê FKL tҥ o sӵFKrQK ÿӇ lӋ ch nӗQJÿӝ lӟn (trong chiӃ WOLrQW өc) hay thay mӟLGXQJP{LFKL Ӄ t nhiӅ u lҫ n (trong chiӃ t JLiQÿRҥ n) TӹlӋGXQJP{LQJX\rQOL Ӌ u phҧLÿӫ lӟQ7X\QKLrQFK Ӎlӟn ӣmӭFÿӝ hӧSOê nhҩWÿӏ nh: nӃ u tӹlӋQj\TXiO ӟn sӁOjPFKRQ ӗQJÿӝ chҩ t cҫ n chiӃ t dung dӏ ch chiӃWU~WÿXӧ c thҩSJk\NKyNKăQYjKLӋ u quҧkinh tӃNpPW ӕQQăQJOѭӧ QJYjWK ӡi JLDQÿXә LGXQJP{L SVTH: Trҫ n ThӏThuTrang 17 .KyDOX ұn tӕ t nghiӋ p *9+'*676ĈjR+ ng +uQKWKiLWtQKFK ҩ WYjF ҩ u tҥ o cӫa tәchӭFQJX\rQOL Ӌ u: - MӭFÿӝ SKiY ӥcҩ XWU~FW ӃEjRFjQJQKL Ӆ XWKuV ӵtiӃ S[~FJL ӳa chҩ t cҫ n chiӃ t YjGXQJP{LFj QJWăQJQrQU~WQJҳ n thӡi gian chiӃ WYjFKL Ӄ t triӋWÿӇKѫQ - tFK F WKѭӟ FjQJ ӓWKu Ӌ QK Q GL WtFK Ӄ S [~F WL ӳD QJX\rQ JL Ӌ X Yj OL GXQJ P FjQJ WăQ g, hiӋ u suҩ t chiӃW WăQJ 7X\ QrQ QKLrQ ӓ tӟ QK i mӭc nhҩW FNJQJ QK ÿӏ FKӍ Yu TXiQK ӓ QJX\rQOL Ӌ u dӉbӏYyQO ҥ LFiFK ҥ t mӏ n lҳQJÿӑ QJWUrQFiFO ӟSQJX\rQOL Ӌ u Mһ WNKiFQJX\rQOL Ӌ XTXiQK ӓsӁbӏcuӕQYjRG ӏ ch chiӃWJk\NKyNKăQF [ӱ OêG ӏ ch chiӃ t sau chiӃ t - 7tQKFK ҩ t cӫ DQJX\rQOL ӋXFNJQJҧQKKѭӣ ng lӟQÿӃ n hiӋ u suҩ t chiӃ t Khi chiӃ t bҵ QJGXQJP{LK ӳXFѫ ÿӝҭ PQJX\rQOL Ӌ u giҧ PWKuW ӕFÿӝ chiӃWWăQJOrQ ҦQKKѭӣ ng cӫa thӡLJLDQYjQKL ӋWÿӝ chiӃ t - ThӡLJLDQFjQJGjLWKuOѭӧ ng chҩ t khuӃ FKWiQW ăQJQKѭQJWKӡ i gian phҧ LFy giӟi hҥQ.KLÿҥWÿѭӧ c mӭFÿӝ WUtFKO\FDRQK ҩ t nӃ XNpRGjLWK ӡLJLDQWKuV ӁNK{QJ mang lҥ i hiӋ u quҧkinh tӃ - NhiӋWÿӝ FyWiFG өQJWăQJWӕFÿӝ khuӃ FKWiQYjJL ҧPÿӝ nhӟWGRÿySK chҩ WKzDWDQFKX\ ӇQÿӝ ng dӉGjQJNKLNKX Ӄ FKWiQJL ӳDFiFSKkQW ӱGXQJP{L7 QKLrQQKL ӋWÿӝWăQJFyJLӟ i hҥ QYuQKL ӋWÿӝ TXiFDRV ӁFyWK ӇSKkQK ӫy pKkQW ӱcҫ n chiӃWYjJk\NKyNKăQFKRTXiWUuQKF{QJ 'XQJP{LFKL Ӄ t 'XQJP{LFKL Ӄ t cҫ n thӓDPmQFiFÿLӅ u kiӋ n sau: - +zDWDQFK ҩ t cҫ n chiӃ t ӣbҩ WNuW ӹlӋQjR - &yQKL ӋWÿӝ V{LWK ҩSÿӇ dӉGjQJWiFKGXQJP{LUDNK ӓi dӏ ch chiӃ t - &yWKjQKSK ҫ QKyDK ӑc әQÿӏ QKNK{QJSK ҧ n ӭng phөvӟLQJX\rQOL Ӌ u - K{QJÿӝ c hҥ LNK{QJ ҧQKKѭӣ ng sӭc khӓHYjFK ҩWOѭӧ ng sҧ n phҭ m - KyFKi\Q ә DQWRjQFKRTXiWUuQKV ҧ n xuҩ t - K{QJăQPzQWKLӃ t bӏ - RҿtiӅ n, dӉkiӃ PFyNK ҧQăQJVӱ dөng sҧ n xuҩ t 7X\QKLrQKL ӋQQD\F KѭDFyORҥLGXQJP{LQjRÿiS nhӳQJÿLӅ u kiӋ n WUrQ'RÿyW\WUѭӡ ng hӧp chiӃ t cө thӇÿӇ chӑ QGXQJP{LFKRK ӧSOê SVTH: Trҫ n ThӏThuTrang 18 .KyDOX ұn tӕ t nghiӋ p *9+'*676ĈjR+ ng 1.5.3 CiFSKѭѫQJSKiSFKLӃ t DӵDYjRFiFKWL Ӄ QKjQKFyWK ӇFKLDWKjQKFiFSKѭѫQJS t sau: a Chi͇WJLiQÿR̩ n 7KHR SKѭѫQJ SKiS Qj\ X YjR WDGXQJ QJkP ӝ t thӡ P{L QJX\rQ i gian 6DX O nhҩWÿӏ nh, giӳDGXQJP{LYjQJX\rQOL ӋXÿҥ t nӗQJÿӝ chҩ t cҫ n thiӃ t ӣmӭFÿӝ FkQ bҵ ng, tiӃQ KjQK P{L ÿә GXQJ FNJ UD WKD\ L YjR ӭ GXQJ QKѭ & P{L WKӃ n Pӟ FKR chiӃ t hӃ t chҩ t cҫ n chiӃW3KѭѫQJSKiSQj\FyѭXÿLӇPO n, dӉthӵc hiӋQ1Kѭӧ c ÿLӇ P Oj ӕ Q F{QJ W ӕn thӡL WJLDQ FNJQJ Q GXQJ QKѭ Ӄ W P{L QrQ Wӕ FKL NK{QJ Ӄ , N NK{QJ SKK ӧp vӟLTX\P{V ҧ n xuҩ t lӟn b Chi͇ WEiQOLrQW ͭc 1JX\rQOêF ӫDSKѭѫQJSKiSQj\OjGQJQKLӅ u thiӃ t bӏchiӃWJLiQÿRҥ n bӕWUt WKjQKP ӝt hӋthӕ QJOLrQK ӧp tuҫ QKRjQQK ҵ m mөFÿtFKJLҧ m thӡi gian chiӃ WtWW ӕn F{QJKѫQWLӃ t kiӋPÿѭӧ c nhiӅ XGXQJP{ LKѫQĈӕ i vӟLSKѭѫQJSKiSQj TXiWUuQ chiӃ t thӵc hiӋ QWKHRQJX\rQW ҳFGXQJ P{LÿLWӯQѫLFyQ chҩ t chiӃWFDRÿӃ n nӗQJÿӝ chҩ t chiӃ t thҩ p c Chi͇ WOLrQW ͭc 1JX\rQ Oê Oj QJkP GXQJ ӇQ QJ ÿӝ P{L FQJ ӅX WURQJ KD\ FKL c GzQJ QJѭ chiӅ u cӫ DGXQJP{L ѬXÿLӇ m cӫDSKѭѫQJSKiSQj\O jFKRKLӋ u quҧkinh tӃFDRWKtF hӧp cho sҧ n xuҩ WF{QJVX ҩ t lӟQiSG ө QJFKRTX\P{F{QJQJKL ӋS7X\QKLrQ c ÿLӇ POjWKL Ӄ t bӏ NKiSK ӭc tҥSFKLSKtÿҫXWѭOӟ n 1.6 Mӝ t sӕF{QJWUuQKQJKLrQF ӭu vӅcӫdӅ n 1.6.1 &iFF{QJWUuQKQJKLrQF ӭu tҥi ViӋ t Nam Mһ FGF ӫdӅ QOjP ӝWGѭӧ c thҧRÿѭӧ c biӃWÿӃ n tӯrҩ WOkXW ҥ i ViӋW1DPQKѭQ FKRÿӃ QQD\FyU ҩ WtWF{QJWUuQKQJKLrQF ӭu vӅ Qy+L Ӌ n nay, ӣ ViӋ t Nam chӍ FyU ҩ WtW ÿӅ WjLQJKLrQF ӭu vӅ cӫ dӅ QYjSK ҭ PPjXEHWDF\DQLQ 1ăP1J uyӉ n Thӏ'kX ³1JKLrQFӭ u chiӃ t xuҩ t chҩ WPjXEHWDF\DQ ӯ vӓ quҧthanh long Hylocereus spp´.Ӄ t quҧcho thҩ y rҵ QJWURQJTX\P{QK ӓ: chiӃ t bҵ ng SKѭѫQJ SKiS VLrX n chiӃ t ӣ kP 45oC)  hay bҵQJ PLQOҫ SKѭѫQJ SKiS t Q (6h/lҫ n chiӃ t, nhiӋW SKzQJ  ÿӝ ӱdө QJ V GXQJ Ӄ W P{L OjFKL HWKDQRO /v) trӝ n vӟi  vitamin C 0.01% (w/v), tӹlӋGXQJP{LWUrQQJX\rQOL Ӌ XOjZY V ӕlҫ n chiӃ WOj SVTH: Trҫ n ThӏThuTrang 19