Use of landsat satellite image for mapping land cover change case study at yen bai commune ba vi district ha noi city

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY o0o STUDENT THESIS USE OF LANDSAT SATELLITE IMAGE FOR MAPPING LAND COVER CHANGE: CASE STUDY AT YEN BAI COMMUNE, BA VI DISTRICT , HA NOI CITY Major: Natural Resources Management Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resource and Environmental Management Student: Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen Student ID: 1453092352 Class: K59B - Natural Resources Management Course: 2014 - 2018 Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Assoc Prof Tran Quang Bao Hanoi, 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis would not have been possible without the support and help from my teachers, friends, families and several people I would like to express my special appreciation of following people who supported with my sincere gratitude: I would like to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to my supervisor Assoc.Prof Tran Quang Bao for is untiring and excellent guidance, valuable suggestion in my dilemmas His comment and advices have helped me to finish my thesis Further, I would like to thank the People’s Committee of Yen Bai for support and giving me the chance to study in here I also thank the local authorities and farmers in Yen Bai Commune for providing valuable information and data of the area I wish to thank the Center of Laboratory and Practice of Vietnam Forestry University for providing me with survey instrument (GPS Garmin) for field survey I also thank my friends for their enthusiastic help in the process collected data in field survey Last but not least, my everlasting gratitude goes to my parents who always encouraged and supporting me all the time Ha Noi, 08, October 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF TABLE LIST OF FIGURE ABSTRACTS Chapter I Introduction Chapter II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Geographic Information system 2.1.1 Definitions 2.1.2 Origins and evolutions of GIS 2.1.3 Function of GIS 2.2 Remote sensing technology (RS) 2.2.1 Definition 2.2.2 The basic principal of Remote sensing 2.2.3 Applications of Remote Sensing 2.3 Features and specifications of the Landsat image 2.4 Studies of application of Remote sensing and GIS to detect land use and land cover 10 2.4.1 In the world 10 2.4.2 In Viet Nam 11 Chapter III 12 GOAL, OBJECTIVES AND METHODLOGY 12 3.1 Goal and objectives 12 3.1.1 Goal 12 3.1.2 Specific objectives 12 3.2 Methodology 12 3.2.1 Interview data 13 3.2.2 Reference materials 14 3.2.3 Integration multi-temporal Landsat data and GIS 14 CHAPTER IV 21 NATURAL CONDITION, THE RESOURCES, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 21 4.1 Natural condition 21 4.1.1 Geographic location 21 4.1.2 Topography, geomorphology 22 4.1.3 Climate and weather 22 4.1.4 Hydrology 23 4.2 The resources 23 4.2.1 Land resources 23 4.2.2 Forest resources 24 4.3 Social and economic conditions 24 4.3.1 Ethnic composition and population distribution 24 4.3.2 Health and education 24 4.3.3 Traffic 25 4.4 The situation of production development of Yen Bai Commune 25 4.4.1 Manufacturing industry, handicraft 27 4.4.2 Services – Trade 27 CHAPTER 28 RESULT AND DISSCUSSION 28 5.1 Current status and management of land use in Yen Bai Commune, Ba Vi District 28 5.1.1 Status of land use in Yen Bai commune, Ba Vi District 28 5.1.2 Land use management 29 5.2 Construct thematic maps over time and evaluate the accuracy of maps 31 5.2.1 Thematic map for the period of 2004 – 2017 31 5.2.2 Evaluate the accuracy of the map 34 5.3 Changes in land use area, causes and factors affecting the management of land use in Yen Bai commune, Ba Vi district, Hanoi 37 5.4 The driven force effect to change activity using the land in Yen Bai Commune 41 5.5 Solutions to improve the management effectiveness of land use in the study area 43 CHAPTER 45 CONCLUSION, LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 45 6.1 Conclusion 45 6.2 Limitations 46 6.3 Recommendation 46 REFERENCES APPENDICES ABBREVIATIONS ETM +: Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus IR: Infrared GIS: Geographic Information System LULC: Landuse/landcover MSS: Multi-Spectral Scanner NIR: Near Infrared SWIR: Shortwave Infrared TM: Thematic Mapper LIST OF TABLE Table 2.1 ETM + sensor characteristic parameters………………………………………… Table 2.2 Table of the main application of Landsat………………………………………… Table 2.3 OLI, TIRS sensors characteristic parameters of Landsat 8………………………….9 Table 3.1 Satellite images used for the study…………………………………………… 16 Table 3.2 Ground control points (GCPs) and land cover classes……………………………16 Table 3.3 Description of land cover classification………………………………………… 18 Table 5.1 The area of land use types in Yen Bai Commune in 2015……………………… 29 Table 5.2 Assess the accuracy of land cover change mapping in 2017…………………… 34 Table 5.3 Assess the accuracy of land cover change mapping in 2013…………………… 34 Table 5.4 Assess the accuracy of land cover change mapping in 2010…………………… 34 Table 5.5 Assess the accuracy of land cover change mapping in 2007…………………… 35 Table 5.6 Assess the accuracy of land cover change mapping in 2004…………………… 35 Table 5.7 The area of cover in Yen Bai Commune from 2004 to 2017………………… 36 Table 5.8 The change of land cover in period of 2004 – 2017… ………………………… 46 LIST OF FIGURE Figure 3.1 Overview flowchart of study objects 13 Figure 3.2 Flowchart of methodology for image classification and change mapping 15 Figure 3.3 The distribution of sample points in the study area… ………………………….19 Figure Location of study site 21 Figure 5.1 The main land use in Yen Bai Commune in 2015 Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 5.2 Map of land cover in Yen Bai Commune from 2004 to 2017Error! Bookmark not defined Figure 5.3 The area of land cover type in Yen Bai Commune from 2004 - 2017 36 Figure 5.4 Map of land used changed in period 2004 – 2017……………………… …… 38 Figure 5.5 Map of land cover change between period 39 Figure 5.6 The reason cause the land use change .40 ABSTRACTS The aim of this thesis was to monitor land cover change in period of time from 2005 to 2017 in Yen Bai Commune, Ba Vi District Beside that, investigating the current land use and management, identifying the key drivers of land cover change and proposing better solution for land management in this study site are the specific object This thesis was applied GIS to deal with the data from the current map 2004 - 2017 with focus on types: forest, agricultural land and other land (residential, bareland, water, etc) In order to construct the map of landuse/landcover change, the landsat images from 2004 – 2017 is downloaded In this thesis the Iso cluster unsupervised classification to identify the land cover change is used by using the Images Classification tool in ArcGis on is a method of identifying, grouping, and labeling features in an imagine according to their spectral values The statistic indicates that from 2005 to 2017, the area of forest decreased by 451.17 The agricultural also decreased but slightly, only 69.39 In the contrast, the other land increased by 520.66 The reasons for the change in land use types are mostly by urbanization, population growth, different purpose of land use, etc In Yen Bai, there has some problem such as deforestation for personal aim, awareness of people, loose in management, etc that cause bad affect Some suggestions should be proposed to solve this problem Keywords: GIS, landuse/land cover change, unsupervised classification, remote sensing Chapter I Introduction Landuse/landcover (LULC) changes plays a major role in study of global change Landuse/land cover and human/ natural modifications have largely resulted in deforestation, biodiversity loss, global warming and increase of natural disaster – flooding (Dwivedi et al, 2004) These environmental problems are often related to LULC changes Therefore, available data on LULC changes can provide critical input to decision – making of environmental management and planning the future (Prenzel, 2004) The growing population and increasing socio-economic necessities creates a pressure on landuse/landcover This pressure result in unplanted and uncontrolled changes in LULC (Seto, 2002) The LULC alterations are generally caused by mismanagement of agricultural, urban, range and forest lands which lead to severe environmental problems such as landslides, floods etc Remote sensing and GIS are powerful tools to derive accurate and timely information on the spatial distribution of landuse/landcover changes over large area (Rogana, 2004) GIS provides a flexible environment for collecting, storing, displaying and analyzing digital data necessary for change detection (Demers, 2005) Remote sensing imagery is the most important data sources of GIS Satellite imagery is used for recognition of synoptic data of Earth’s surface (Ulbricht, 1998) Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS), Thematic Mapper (TM), and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data have been broadly employed in studies towards the determination of land cover since 1972, the staring year of Landsat program, mainly in forest and agriculture areas (Campell, 2007) Yen Bai Commune is a mountainous commune, in the southeast of Ba Vi District Interacting between hills and slopes and ladders This terrain is favorable for growing fruit Code Lattitude Longtitude Class 83 21.01613 105.42755 FOREST 84 21.02227 105.41552 FOREST 85 21.01988 105.40085 FOREST 86 21.01950 105.39642 FOREST 87 21.02617 105.39460 FOREST 88 21.02373 105.43024 FOREST 89 21.02125 105.41120 FOREST 90 21.02009 105.42239 FOREST 91 21.01926 105.43801 FOREST 92 21.01599 105.43123 FOREST 93 21.01943 105.44361 FOREST 94 21.02107 105.44883 FOREST 95 21.01597 105.44780 FOREST 96 21.01562 105.45156 FOREST 97 21.02250 105.45335 FOREST 98 21.02058 105.44934 FOREST 99 21.01944 105.44689 FOREST 100 21.01822 105.44929 FOREST 101 21.01753 105.45426 FOREST 102 21.02600 105.45487 FOREST 103 21.04571 105.45423 FOREST 104 21.04423 105.45339 FOREST 105 21.04571 105.45213 FOREST 106 21.04753 105.45607 FOREST 107 21.05050 105.45328 FOREST 108 21.06000 105.44860 FOREST 109 21.05121 105.42619 FOREST 110 21.05224 105.43160 FOREST Code Lattitude Longtitude Class 112 21.05362 105.42716 FOREST 113 21.06257 105.42695 FOREST 114 21.06194 105.42822 FOREST 115 21.06229 105.42742 FOREST 116 21.06818 105.43138 FOREST 117 21.06707 105.43446 FOREST 118 21.07352 105.43381 FOREST 119 21.07124 105.43371 FOREST 120 21.07388 105.43875 FOREST 121 21.07042 105.43960 FOREST 122 21.05414 105.41908 FOREST 123 21.05419 105.41908 FOREST 124 21.06928 105.46191 FOREST 125 21.05944 105.44677 FOREST 126 21.05496 105.44760 FOREST 127 21.05100 105.44579 FOREST 128 21.04813 105.45341 FOREST 129 21.04306 105.41859 OTHER LAND 130 21.05489 105.41674 OTHER LAND 131 21.05610 105.41745 OTHER LAND 132 21.05508 105.41795 OTHER LAND 133 21.05542 105.41734 OTHER LAND 134 21.05408 105.41851 OTHER LAND 135 21.05392 105.41737 OTHER LAND 134 21.05386 105.41779 OTHER LAND 135 21.05560 105.41918 OTHER LAND 136 21.05582 105.42013 OTHER LAND 137 21.05654 105.41974 OTHER LAND Code Lattitude Longtitude Class 138 21.05692 105.42019 OTHER LAND 140 21.05735 105.42087 OTHER LAND 141 21.06181 105.42239 OTHER LAND 142 21.06226 105.42310 OTHER LAND 143 21.06508 105.42480 OTHER LAND 144 21.06521 105.42501 OTHER LAND 145 21.06554 105.42508 OTHER LAND 146 21.06653 105.42641 OTHER LAND 147 21.06661 105.42716 OTHER LAND 148 21.06698 105.42764 OTHER LAND 149 21.06735 105.42817 OTHER LAND 150 21.06633 105.42762 OTHER LAND 151 21.06372 105.42790 OTHER LAND 152 21.04769 105.45043 OTHER LAND 153 21.04799 105.45212 OTHER LAND 154 21.04257 105.45040 OTHER LAND 155 21.05102 105.45533 OTHER LAND 156 21.04964 105.45397 OTHER LAND 157 21.06092 105.45372 OTHER LAND 158 21.05985 105.45369 OTHER LAND 159 21.06194 105.45529 OTHER LAND 160 21.06235 105.45522 OTHER LAND 161 21.06133 105.45428 OTHER LAND 162 21.06452 105.45654 OTHER LAND 163 21.06437 105.45694 OTHER LAND 164 21.02111 105.46227 OTHER LAND 165 21.01950 105.46311 OTHER LAND 166 21.01984 105.46247 OTHER LAND Code Lattitude Longtitude Class 167 21.02118 105.46236 OTHER LAND 168 21.02114 105.46232 OTHER LAND 169 21.02120 105.46299 OTHER LAND 170 21.05641 105.45267 OTHER LAND 171 21.05682 105.45316 OTHER LAND 172 21.05691 105.45430 OTHER LAND 173 21.05693 105.45435 OTHER LAND 174 21.05534 105.44886 OTHER LAND 175 21.06288 105.42126 AGRICULTURAL LAND 176 21.06177 105.42150 AGRICULTURAL LAND 177 21.06021 105.41988 AGRICULTURAL LAND 178 21.05895 105.42081 AGRICULTURAL LAND 179 21.05927 105.42307 AGRICULTURAL LAND 180 21.05831 105.42158 AGRICULTURAL LAND 181 21.05856 105.41930 AGRICULTURAL LAND 182 21.05396 105.41430 AGRICULTURAL LAND 183 21.05146 105.41356 AGRICULTURAL LAND 184 21.05159 105.41615 AGRICULTURAL LAND 185 21.05228 105.41756 AGRICULTURAL LAND 186 21.05060 105.41599 AGRICULTURAL LAND 187 21.05176 105.42172 AGRICULTURAL LAND 188 21.05139 105.42098 AGRICULTURAL LAND 189 21.05342 105.42042 AGRICULTURAL LAND 190 21.05445 105.42042 AGRICULTURAL LAND 191 21.05606 105.42187 AGRICULTURAL LAND 192 21.05839 105.42152 AGRICULTURAL LAND 193 21.05918 105.42311 AGRICULTURAL LAND 194 21.05946 105.42067 AGRICULTURAL LAND Code Lattitude Longtitude Class 195 21.06228 105.42041 AGRICULTURAL LAND 196 21.06303 105.42129 AGRICULTURAL LAND 197 21.06443 105.43527 AGRICULTURAL LAND 198 21.06166 105.43528 AGRICULTURAL LAND 199 21.06082 105.43560 AGRICULTURAL LAND 200 21.05950 105.43724 AGRICULTURAL LAND 201 21.06004 105.43887 AGRICULTURAL LAND 202 21.06019 105.43980 AGRICULTURAL LAND 203 21.05830 105.44055 AGRICULTURAL LAND 204 21.06027 105.44001 AGRICULTURAL LAND 205 21.05765 105.44090 AGRICULTURAL LAND 206 21.05784 105.44086 AGRICULTURAL LAND 207 21.05894 105.44384 AGRICULTURAL LAND 208 21.04927 105.44140 AGRICULTURAL LAND 209 21.04820 105.44167 AGRICULTURAL LAND 210 21.04824 105.43851 AGRICULTURAL LAND 211 21.04952 105.44128 AGRICULTURAL LAND 213 21.05201 105.44132 AGRICULTURAL LAND 212 21.04820 105.44170 AGRICULTURAL LAND 214 21.05312 105.44012 AGRICULTURAL LAND 215 21.05175 105.45440 AGRICULTURAL LAND 216 21.05271 105.45701 AGRICULTURAL LAND 217 21.05225 105.45606 AGRICULTURAL LAND 218 21.02785 105.45613 AGRICULTURAL LAND 219 21.02641 105.45516 AGRICULTURAL LAND 220 21.02940 105.45567 AGRICULTURAL LAND 221 21.03003 105.45510 AGRICULTURAL LAND 222 21.02712 105.45731 AGRICULTURAL LAND Code Lattitude Longtitude Class 223 21.02332 105.40410 OTHER LAND 224 21.03839 105.41577 OTHER LAND 225 21.03821 105.41564 OTHER LAND 226 21.04018 105.41550 OTHER LAND 227 21.03997 105.41821 OTHER LAND 228 21.03885 105.41828 OTHER LAND 229 21.04002 105.41821 OTHER LAND 230 21.03811 105.41881 OTHER LAND 231 21.04705 105.42075 OTHER LAND 232 21.04834 105.42050 OTHER LAND 233 21.04766 105.42066 OTHER LAND 234 21.05592 105.42483 OTHER LAND 235 21.05523 105.42526 OTHER LAND 236 21.06358 105.42921 OTHER LAND 237 21.06324 105.42932 OTHER LAND 238 21.05934 105.45155 OTHER LAND 239 21.05862 105.45178 OTHER LAND 240 21.05393 105.45430 OTHER LAND 241 21.05412 105.45482 OTHER LAND 242 21.04921 105.45568 OTHER LAND 243 21.04873 105.45591 OTHER LAND 244 21.04845 105.45529 OTHER LAND 245 21.04005 105.45137 OTHER LAND 246 21.02921 105.45109 OTHER LAND 247 21.02836 105.45101 OTHER LAND 248 21.02736 105.41166 OTHER LAND 249 21.03349 105.40787 OTHER LAND 250 21.03525 105.41330 OTHER LAND Code Lattitude Longtitude Class 251 21.03509 105.41997 OTHER LAND 252 21.03510 105.42116 OTHER LAND 251 21.03438 105.41972 OTHER LAND 252 21.03290 105.41932 OTHER LAND 253 21.03241 105.41920 OTHER LAND 254 21.03285 105.42047 OTHER LAND 255 21.03246 105.42107 OTHER LAND 256 21.03219 105.42310 OTHER LAND 257 21.03184 105.42321 OTHER LAND 256 21.02544 105.42024 OTHER LAND 257 21.02451 105.42058 OTHER LAND 258 21.02294 105.42244 OTHER LAND 259 21.02198 105.42319 OTHER LAND 260 21.02296 105.42338 OTHER LAND 261 21.02416 105.42566 OTHER LAND 262 21.02316 105.42824 OTHER LAND 263 21.02149 105.42424 OTHER LAND 268 21.02241 105.42633 OTHER LAND 269 21.02310 105.42825 OTHER LAND 270 21.02366 105.43737 OTHER LAND 271 21.02733 105.43991 OTHER LAND 272 21.03260 105.44242 OTHER LAND 273 21.03736 105.44349 OTHER LAND 274 21.03845 105.44323 OTHER LAND 275 21.04471 105.43932 OTHER LAND Appendix Households (people) interviewing form I General information Name: Age: Gender: Male/Female Job: II Content What is the main livelihood of farmer? How is organizational structure management and infrastructure in the area? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… What are the policies and plans of land management implemented current in Yen Bai Commune? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Do policies and plans support for farmer? Why a Yes b No ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… What are the current land use problems in this local? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… The trend of to change of land cover in recent years increase or decrease? a Increase b Decrease What are the reason leading to trend of land cover? a Unmanageable status b Impacts of climate change (rainfall, temperature, etc.) c Dry land, flooded d Due to terrain e Land management and use of people f Population growth rapidly g Urbanization h Other (…) Solution for land cover (Mức độ ưu tiên ) Proposed measures to attract, encourage and assist investors to participate in development projects locality Promote propaganda, raise awareness of the people on management and land use efficiency Strengthen supervision and management of land use, strict handling of the offense Develop and update the database on land resource management, applying advanced technology to improve the quality of land survey and planning Develop short-term training programs on the basis of training thematic priority for staff of trainers establish, implement and monitor land use planning at the local Appendix Picture for field trip Number of Field survey image Description point The natural forest status, 17 medium quality forest is around Name : Forest Coordinate X: 21.03173 Y: 105.39238 Appendix Field survey points Number Field survey image Description of point The agricultural land status, 49 surrounded by rice and fruit trees Name : Agricultural land Coordinate Number X: 21.05534 Y: 105.44886 Field survey image Description of point The residential area, surrounded 120 by the area like housing, construction, buildings Name: Yen Bai A Kintergarten Coordinate Number of X: 21.055679 Y: 105.43600 Field survey image Description point The whole area is bare land with 140 weeds sparse Name : Bareland Coordinate Number of point Field survey image X: 21.025461 Y: 105.438707 Description Water surface status, surrounded by trees, farm land, housing 256 Name: Water Coordinate X: 21.01566 Y: 105.26511 ... mapping land cover change: Case study at Yen Bai Commune, Ba Vi District , Ha Noi City? ?? to use remote sensing technology in the establishment of land use change map to serve the local land use management... land cover change in Yen Bai Commune from 2004- 2017 To have an overview of land cover change in Yen Bai Commune during 13 years, the study firstly constructed of land covers in Yen Bai Commune. .. commercial services 27 CHAPTER RESULT AND DISSCUSSION 5.1 Current status and management of land use in Yen Bai Commune, Ba Vi District 5.1.1 Status of land use in Yen Bai commune, Ba Vi District In