The differences between present perfect and present perfect progrssive : Present perfect Present perfect progrssive Hành động chấm dứt ở hiện tại do đó có Hành động tiếp tục tiếp diễ[r]
(1)Topic 1: THE DIFFERENCES OF TENSES I The differences between present simple and present progressive: Các động từ trạng thái (stative verb) bảng sau không chia thể tiếp diễn chúng là động từ tĩnh diễn đạt trạng thái cảm giác hoạt động tinh thần tính chất vật, việc know : understand have believe hate need hear love appear see like seem smell want taste wish sound own Present simple Hành động có tính bền vững, luôn luôn đúng theo thói quen, phong tục và khả năng: - I work in New York Nhận thức, tình cảm, tình trạng xảy lúc nói: I know you are busy now Present progressive Hành động có tính tạm thời, không thường xuyên: (today, this week, this year ) - I’m working in New York for a few weeks Không dùng thì này với các hoạt động nhận thức, tình cảm, tình trạng, sở hữu, tồn tại: see, think, believe, feel, look smell, taste, hear, expect, assume… Kế hoạch, xếp cho tương lai gần: - She is arriving at 11 o’clock Thời khoá biểu, lịch trình các chương trình: The train for Hanoi leaves at 7.30 tonight Chân lý hiển nhiên: Dùng kèm với ALWAYS diễn tả phàn - It rains a lot in HCM City nàn: He is always coming to class late Give the correct form of these verbs: (Present simple and present progressive) Please be quiet, I (try) to concentrate I (not/belong) to a political party Hurry! The bus (come) I (not/want) to miss it The River Nile (flow) into the Mediterranean The river (flow) very fast today – much faster than usual (it/ever/snow) in India? We usually (grow) vegetables in our garden but this year we (not.grow) any A: Can you drive? B: No, but I (learn) My father (teach) me 10 You can borrow my umbrella I (not/need) it at the moment 11 (at a party) I usually (enjoy) parties but I (not/enjoy) this one very much 12 George says he’s 80 years old but i (not/believe) him 13 Ron is in London at the moment He (stay) at the Hilton Hotel He usually (stay) at the Hilton Hotel when he’s in London 14 Look! It’s (snow) 15 “Where your father (come) from?” “He (come) from Scotland” 16 If you need money, why you(not/get) a job? (2) 17 I (play) the piano, but i (not/play) very well II The differences between intended future and future simple: Intended future Future simple Ý định đã dự trù, xếp trước Ý định nói hay hành động xảy nói: tương lai không phụ thuộc vào ý định: - I’m going to visit New York this Winter - He will come here tomorrow Sự suy đoán chắn dựa vào tại: - There are a lot of clouds I think it is going to rain Ý kiến, lời hứa, hy vọng, phát biểu hành động tương lai: (think, promise, hope, expect ) - Wait here and I will get you a drink - I think you will pass the exam Give the correct form of these verbs: (Intended future and Future simple) Put the verb into the correct form using will or going to A: I’ve got a terrible headache B: Have you? Wait there and I (get) an aspirin for you A: Why are you filling that bucket with water? B: I (wash) the car A: I’ve decided to repaint this room B: Oh, haven’t you? What colour (you/paint) it A: Look! There’s smoke coming out of that house It’s on fire B: Good heavens! I (call) the fire-brigade immediately A: The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe, does it? B: No, it looks as if it (fall) down A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping? B: Yes, I (buy) something for dinner A: I can’t work out how to use this camera B: It’s quite easy I (show) you A: What would you like to drink - tea or coffee? B: I (have) tea, please A: Has George decided on what to when he leaves school? B: Oh yes Evething is planned He (have) a holiday for few weeks and then he (start) a computer programming course 10 A: Did you post that letter for me? B: Oh, I’m sorry I completely forgot I (do) it now 11 A: What shall we have for dinner? B: I don’t know I can’t make up my mind A: Come on, hurry up Make a decision B: Okay then We (have) chicken 12 Jack: We need some bread for lunch Ben: Oh, we? I (go) to the shop and get some I feel like a walk Before he goes out Ben talk to Jane: Ben: I (get) some bread Do you want anything from the shop? Jane: Yes, I need some envelopes Ben: Okay, i (get) you some 13 John has to go to the airport to catch a plane He hasn’t got a car (3) John: Alan, can you take me to the airport this evening? Alan: Of course I (take) you I’d be delighted III Present simple and Future simple mệnh đề điều kiện và mệnh đề thời gian tương lai: - Mệnh đề thời gian: S +Will + V1+ When/ while/ after/ before/ as/until + S + V (Present simple) When/ while/ after/ before/ as/until + S + V (Present simple), S +Will + V1 When he comes tomorrow, we will welcome him - Mệnh đề điều kiện: S +Will + V1+ if + S + V (Present simple) If + S + V (Present simple),S +Will + V1 If she visits me next week, we will have dinner together Give the correct form of these verbs: A All the sentences in this exercise are about the future Put the verbs into the correct form: will/won’t or the simple present (I do) Before you (leave), don’t forget to shut the windows I (phone) you as soon as I (arrive) in London Please don’t touch anything before the police (come) Everyone (be) very surprised if he (pass) the exams When you (see) Brian again, you (not/recognise) him We (not/start) dinner until Jack (arrive) (you/be) lonely without me while i (be) away? If I (need) any help, I (ask) you Come on! Hurry up! Ann (be) annoyed if we (be) late B Make one sentence from two sentences: I’ll find some where to live Then I’ll give you my address I when It’s going to start raining Let’s go out before that Let’s before I’m going to the shopping Then i’ll come straight back home after You’ll be in London next month You must come and see me then when We’ll make our decision Then we ‘ll let you know as soon as C Put in When or if: I’m going to Paris next week I’m there, I hope to visit a friend of mine Tom might phone this evening he does, can you take a message? I think he’ll get the job I’ll be very surprised he doesn’t get it I hope to be there by 10.30 But i’m not there, don’t wait for me I’m going shopping you want anything, i can get it for you I think i’ll go home now I’m feeling very tired I think i’ll go straight to bed I get home I’m going away for a few days I’ll phone you I get back (4) I want you to come to the party but you don’t want to come, you needn’t We’ll go out when the rain (stop) ………………………… 10 Miss Helen (help) …………… you if she (finish) …………… that letter tomorrow IV The differences between simple past and past progressive : simple past past progressive Hành động đã xảy biết rõ thời gian hay Sự chuyển biến dần việc hay trạng thái: hỏi thời gian quá khứ: - It was getting dark - I visited New York last Winter - She was becoming fatter and fatter - When did you meet him? Nhiều hành động xảy nhau: Nhiều hành động xảy song song: - When he arived home, opened the door, - Ann was writing a letter in her room while her and entered the house mother was watching T.V Hành động đã xảy khoảng thời gian quá khứ: - He worked here for four years Hành động đã xảy thời điểm quá khứ: - He worked here at pm yesterday Dùng kèm với when: Hành động bất ngờ xen vào hành động diễn ra, xảy sau và kết thúc trước: - When he came , we were talking - He had an accident while he was crossing the street Dùng kèm với when và while: Hành động xảy trước, liên tục và kết thúc sau chấm dứt bị hành động khác xen vào: - When he came , we were talking - He had an accident while he was crossing the street Use the simple past or the past continuous/ progressive tense: George (fall) off the ladder while he (paint) the ceiling Last night I (read) in bed when suddenly I (hear) a scream She (come) into the room, (open) the window, (turn) on the light, and (begin) to read a newspaper Ann (wait) for me when I (arrive) I (not/drive) very fast when the accident (happen) I (break) a plate last night I (do) the washing-up when it (slip) out of my hand Tom (take) a photograph of me while I (not/look) We (not/go) out because it (rain) What (you/do) at this time yesterday? 10 I (see) Carol at the party She (wear) a really beautiful dress 11 Tom’s father (teach) him how to drive when he was 17 12 Tom (not/shave) this morning because he (not/have) time 13 We (not/eat) anything because we (not/be) hungry 14 I (not/rush) because I (not/be) in a hurry 15 She (not/be) interested in the book because she (not/understand) it 16 Martha (watch) TV at seven o’clock last night 17 What you (do) at one o’clock this afternoon? 18 Henry (eat) a snack at midnight last night 19 He (eat) dinner at P.M Last night (5) 20 Somebody (hit) him on the head while he (go) to his car 21 He (read) newspaper while his wife (prepare) the dinner in the kitchen 22 Jose (write) a letter to his family when his pencil (break) IV The differences between simple past and present perfect: Present perfect Simple past Hành động đã xảy không biết rõ thời Hành động đã xảy biết rõ thời gian gian: - I visited New York last Winter I have visited New York twice Hỏi thời gian quá khứ dùng kèm với Hỏi thời gian quá khứ dùng kèm với when, how long ago: since when, how long : - When did you started school? - Since when have you started school? Tiếp tục tình đó: Bắt đầu tình huống: - When did you meet him? - Have you met Tom recently? Three days ago Yes, I have Dùng kèm với for: Hành động đã xảy Dùng kèm for: Hành động đã xảy và và hoàn toàn kết thúc quá khứ: còn lưu lại tại: John has lived in that house for 20 years (He still lives there.) Dùng kèm since mệnh đề chính: He has played tennis since he was 11 John lived in that house for 20 years Then hen moved to a new one Dùng kèm since mệnh đề phụ: He has played tennis since he was 11 Use the simple past or the present perfect tense Jill (buy) a new car two weeks ago His hair is very short He (have) a haircut Last night I (arrive) home at half past twelve I (have) a bath and then I (go) to bed (you/visit) many museums when you were in Paris? My bicycle isn’t here anymore Somebody (take) it? I They just (decide) to buy a new house They (do) nothing since they (get) up My brother (join) the army when he (be) 18 He (serve) in the army for years and then (go) to university My sister (finish) school in 1997 and (be) a student at the National University since then 10.I (not/eat) anything yesterday because I (not/feel) hungry 11 “Gone With the Wind” is the most interesting film we (see) recently 12 - A: You (see) Nam last Sunday? - B: Oh, no I (not to see) him for many days now 13 - A: Since when you (learn) English? - B:I (learn) it since I (be) a girl of twelve 14 - A: you ever (be) to Ho Chi Minh City? - B: No, I (not to be) there yet But my parents (be) there twice this year 15 - A: How long you (live) in this town? - B: I (live) in this town for ten years (6) 16 - A :Have you some more rice? - B: No Thanks I (eat) 17 - A: your hair look different (you.have) a haircut? - B:Yes 18 - A: Did you hear about Ben? He (break) his leg - B: Really? How (that/happen?) - A: He (fall) off a ladder IV The differences between present perfect and present perfect progrssive : Present perfect Present perfect progrssive Hành động chấm dứt đó có Hành động tiếp tục tiếp diễn kết rỏ rệt không có kết rõ rệt I have been waiting for you for half an hour I have waited for you for half an hour (and continue waiting hoping that you will (now I stop waiting) come) Đi với các hành động có tính liên tục, kết hợp với Since, For live (sống), learn (học), stay (ở lại), wait for (chờ đợi), play (chơi), watch (xem), walk (đi boä), drive (laùi xe) … Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the present perfect continuous tense (In some cases either could be used.) The students (work) very well this term I only (hear) from him twice since he went away I (hear) from her regularly She is a very good correspondent I (grease) my car That's why my hands are so dirty I (polish) this table all the morning and she isn't satisfied with it yet I (work) for him for ten years and he never once (say) 'Good morning' to me He (teach) in this school for five years I (teach) hundreds of students but I never (meet) such a hopeless class as this Why you (be) so long in the garage? ~ The tyres were flat; I (pump) them up 10 I (pump) up three tyres Would you like to the fourth? 11 I (look) for mushrooms but I (not find) any 12 He (cough) a lot lately He ought to give up smoking 13 You (hear) the news? Tom and Ann are engaged! ~That's not new; I (know) it for ages! 14 I (try) to finish this letter for the last half-hour I wish you'd go away or stop talking ~ I hardly (say) anything 15 The driver of that car (sound) his horn for the last ten minutes 16 It (rain) for two hours and the ground is too wet to play on, so the match (be) postponed 17 He (hope) for a rise in salary for six months but he (not dare) to ask for it yet 18 Mr Smith, you (whisper) to the student on your right for the last five minutes You (help) him with his exam paper or he (help) you? 19 Why you (make) such a horrible noise? ~ I (lose) my key and I (try) to wake my wife by throwing stones at he window ~ You (throw) stones at the wrong window You live next door IV The differences between simple past and past perfect: (7) Simple past Past perfect Hành động xảy sau hành động Hành động xảy trước hành động quá khứ quá khứ BEFORE/ BY THE TIME/ UNTILL+ S THAT/ AFTER/ AS SOON AS + S + HAD + +V2 Dùng mệnh đề (if – type 2, wishtype 2, if only, as if, as though) diễn tả trái ngược thật V3 Dùng mệnh đề (if – type 3, wish- type 3, if only, as if, as though) diễn tả trái ngược thật quá khứ 1.S + HAD +V3 + WHEN/BEFORE/ BY THE TIME/ UNTILL+ S +V2 S + V2 + WHEN/ THAT/ AFTER/ AS SOON AS + S + HAD + V3 S + HAD + NO SOONER + V3 + THEN + S +V2 S + HAD + HARDLY + V3 + WHEN + S + V2 - He had already gone before I arrived (A trước B) - They went to bet just after they had finished it (A sau B) - When I came there, he had just left an hour before - He said that he had already given it to her - He had no sooner opened the door, the dog ran out (Ngay A thì B) = No sooner had he opened the door, the dog ran out Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done) or simple past (I did) The house was very quiet when I got home Everybody (go) to bed My best friend, Kevin, was no longer there He (go) away The local cinema was no longer open It (close) down Mr Johnson was no longer alive He (die) I felt very tired when I got home, so I (go) straight to bed Sorry I’m late The car (break) down on my way here There was a car by the side of the road It (break) down and the driver was trying to repair it So we (stop) to see if we could help I didn’t recognise Mrs Johnson She (change) a lot Bill no longer had his car he (sell) it 10 If I (be) you, I nev er (tell) him 11 He talks as if he (know) the truth 12 If ,onlly my friends (come) here now (8)