(Sáng kiến kinh nghiệm) chuyên đề câu bị động và các dạng bài tập

Vinh yen education and training department VINH YEN junior high school The seminar on: PASSIVE VOICE Written by: Vũ Thị Thúy Hải School year: 2011 – 2012 table of contents Items Page A Introduction I The reasons for writing the seminar II Aims of researching III Object of researching IV Scope of researching V Methods of researching B Contents I Definition II Use III Form IV How to change from active to passive 10 V Special passive cases 12 14 VI Kinds of exercises VII Result of researching C Conclusion A INTRODUCTION I Reason for writing the seminar.( Lý chọn đề tài) Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi nhiệm vụ trọng tâm nhà trường đặc biệt trường chất lượng cao Trong chương trình tiếng Anh THCS câu bị động phần kiến thức quan trọng khối khối 9, đăc biệt loại tập sử dụng nhiều kì thi khảo sát thi học sinh giỏi cấp Muốn làm tốt tập câu bị động học sinh cần phải nắm vấn đề liên quan đến câu chủ động , câu bị động tiếng Anh, chuyển từ hình thức làm tập tự luận sang tập trắc nghiệm ngược lại Vì tơi chọn đề tài “ Câu bị động dạng tập ” làm vấn đề nghiên cứu chuyên đề II Aims of researching.( Mục đích nghiên cứu) Khi viết chuyên đề này, tơi mong góp thêm vài ý kiến vấn đề liên quan đến câu chủ động câu bị động tiếng Anh giúp giáo viên tham khảo thêm việc bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi trang bị thêm cho em phần kiến thức quan trọng chương trình tiếng Anh cấp THCS III Object of researching.( Đối tượng nghiên cứu) Trong chương trình tiếng Anh THCS, câu bị động đưa vào giảng dạy khối Trong chun đề mình, tơi tập trung vào số vấn đề lý thuyết câu bị động cấu trúc, cách sử dụng,cách chuyển từ chủ động sang bị động, số dạng đặc biệt câu bị động… số tập viết, tập trắc nghiệm tương ứng để củng cố cho phần kiến thức trên, nhằm giúp học sinh hiểu nắm kiến thức nâng cao câu bị động tiếng Anh để em làm tốt dạng tập trắc nghiệm câu bị động tiếng Anh IV Scope of researching.( Phm vi nghiờn cu) Năm học 2011-2012 V Researching methods.(Cơ sở nghiên cứu) Tôi nghiên cứu đề tài dựa sở sau: - Trên sở thực tế giảng dạy - Một số tài liệu tham khảo câu bị động - Một số ý kiến đóng góp đồng nghiệp B CONTENT I Definition: Each sentence may be performed in both active or passive We often use active when the subject is the person or thing doing the action When the subject is the receiver of the action ( not doing the action) we use passive The use of active or passive depends on the situation or circumstance Therefore students must be mastered some problems II THE USE A The passive is used to describe actions: when we don't know who does, or did the action: Eg: My briefcase was stolen last night (I don't know who stole it) when it is not important to know who does, or did the action: Eg: The cars are taken to Europe every week (It doesn't matter who takes them) These televisions are made in Japan (It doesn't matter who makes them) B The passive and the agent In a passive sentence, we sometimes mention the agent (the person or thing doing the action) We use by with the agent The cheque must be signed by the manager The medals were presented by Nelson Mandela But we mention the agent only if it is important for the meaning of the sentence Sometimes we not mention it We not mention the agent if it does not add any new information All our money and passports were stolen A man was arrested last night We not need to say that the money was stolen 'by a thief or that the man was arrested 'by the police' We not mention the agent if it is not important The streets are cleaned every day Oil has been discovered at the North Pole Who discovered the oil is less important than the fact that it is there It is sometimes difficult to say who the agent is This kind of jacket is considered very fashionable these days A number of attempts have been made to find the Loch Ness monster C Empty subjects (they, people, etc) In the active sentence we can use the 'empty subject' they We sometimes use a sentence with an empty subject instead of the passive, especially in conversation We can also use the empty subjects people, you, one and someone ACTIVE PASSIVE People use this footpath all the time This footpath is used all the time You/One should check the details The details should be checked Someone took my purse My purse was taken We use the passive in both speech and writing, but it is more common in writing We see it especially in textbooks and reports We use it to describe activities in industry, science and technology, and also for official rules Bananas are exported to Europe The liquid is heated to boiling point Payment can be made at any post office Cars left here will be towed away In these situations, it is often not important to say who is doing the action, or it is difficult to say The passive is also often used in news reports A number of political prisoners have been released Talks will be held in London next week III THE FORM BE + PAST PARTICIPLE The present simple tense: S + am / is/ are + Past Participle Eg: Active: They raise cows in Ba Vi Passive: Cows are raised in Ba Vi The past simple tense: S + was / were + Past Participle Eg: Active : They built this house in 2000 Passive : This house was built in 2000 The present perfect tense: S + have/ has been + Past Participle Eg: Active: They have just finished the project Passive: The project has just been finished The future simple tense: S + will be + Past Participle Eg: Active: They will build a new school for poor children next month Passive: A new school for poor children will be built next month The present progressive tense: S + am / is / are +being + Past Participle Eg: Active: Ann is writing a letter Passive: A letter is being written by Ann The past progressive tense: S + was / were + being + Past Participle Eg: Active: She was cleaning the room at a.m yesterday Passive: The room was being cleaned at a.m yesterday Modal verbs: ( can, may ,must, ought to, should, would, could, might, have to, be going to, used to ) S + Modal Verb + be + Past Participle Eg1: Active : Passive : You can see him now He can be seen (by you) now Eg2: Active : He should his homework Passive : His homework should be done WH- question: Eg: Active: How many languages they speak in Canada? Passive: How many languages are spoken in Canada? Eg: Who wrote this novel ?  Who was this novel written by? Hoặc:  By whom was this novel written? IV How to change from active to passive There are four rules that students should remember when they want to change from active to passive: Take the object of the active to the subject of the passive The verb “ be” according to the new subject must be the same tense with the main verb in active The main verb in passive is in past participle Take the subject of the active to the object of the passive preceded “By” ( When you want to emphasize the agent of the action) Active S Passive + V S + + O Be + V (participle) + O Eg: Active They S Passive will finish V this work tomorrow O This work will be finished (by them) tomorrow S Be + V(ed) O Note:  If subject and object are Nouns , they will stay the same If subject and object are personal pronouns, they will change as follow: Subject: I You He She It We They Object: me you him her It Us Them - Adverbs of manner are often placed before the main verbs in passive Eg: He wrote the book wonderfully  The book was wonderfully written - By +agent comes after adverbs of place and before adverbs of time Eg1: A taxi driver took him home  He was taken home by a taxi driver Eg2: We will receive the gifts on Monday  The gifts will be received by us on Monday Only transitive verbs can be change into passive.( transitive verb needs to have an object) Eg: She is making a cake  A cake is being made by her Transitive verb They run along the beach every morning Intransitive verb - present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, future continuous and future perfect continuous tense rarely used in passive - Some verbs such as HAPPEN, SLEEP, COME, SEEM, FALL, DIE, BECOME, GET can’t be used in passive Eg: We can write: Eg: The tree was fallen by the wind ( incorrect) The tree was blown over by the wind( correct) The deer was died by the hunter( incorrect) The deer was killed by the hunter( correct) If the sentence has two objects, there will have two ways of changing However indirect object is used more often than direct object Eg: We gave him a nice present on his birthday Oi Od -First way: He was given a nice present on his birthday - Second way : need a preposition A nice present was given to him on his birthday - Two prepositions are often used: “ to , for” Some verbs follow by ‘to’: give, bring, send, show, write, post, pass… Some verbs follow by ‘for’ : buy, make, cook, keep, find, get, save, order ……… Eg1 : She didn’t show me this special camera  This camera wasn’t shown to me Eg 2: She is making him a cup of tea  A cup of tea is being made for him V SPECIAL PASSIVE CASES: There are some special passive cases that are not in the same way Causative form : S + have / has + O (person) + V-(infi) + O (thing) Active S + get + O (person ) + V( infi) + O (thing) Passive S have /has /get + O (thing) + P2 (by + O (thing) Eg : A: I had him repair my bike yesterday P: I had my bike repaired yesterday A: I get her to make some coffee P: I get some coffee made I Verbs of perception: see, watch, hear, notice A : S + V (senses) + O + V(infi) / V –ing P : S (o) + be + P2 + V (infi) /V –ing Ex : I saw her come in She was seen to come in I heard him giving order He was heard giving order Verbs of opinions : say , think, know , believe , report, expect, consider, A : S + V (opinion) + that + S + V P : - It + be + P2 + that + S + V - S + be + P2 + V (infi) / to have + P2 Eg1: People say (that ) he is a good doctor →It is said (that) he is a good doctcr →He is said to be a good doctor - People believe (that) she does that work carefully → It is believed (that) she does that work carefully → She is believed to that work carefully Eg: They think( that )Tom is the brightest student in class → It’s thought (that) Tom is the brightest student in class → Tom is thought to be the brightest student in class Eg2: They said (that) Mary was very clever → It was said (that) Mary was very clever → Mary was said to have been very clever People know(that) he was waiting for his friend → It is known (that) he was waiting for his friend → He is known to have been waiting for his friend Eg3: People believe (that) he will win → It is believed (that) he will win → He is believed to win Eg4: -She reported (that) the flowers were killed by frost → It was reported (that) the flowers were killed by frost → The flowers were reported to have been killed by frost Imperative sentence A: V + O P : Let + O + be + P2 Eg: Take off your hat! A: Don’t + V + O  Let your hat be taken off! P: Don’t + let + O + P2 Eg: Don’t pick flowers -> Don’t let flowers be picked Besides, there is another way to change imperative sentence S + am/ is/ are + to be + past participle Hoặc S + should be + past participle Eg: Active: Look after the children please! Passive: The children should be looked after! or : The children are to be looked after! Gerund combination : advise, insist, propose, suggest, recommend 10 A : S + V + V-ing P : S + V + that + S(o) + should + +O be + P2 Eg : He recommended using bullet- proof glass He recommended bullet –proof glass should be used But : A : S + advise / beg / order / recommend / urge + Oi + V(infi) + Od Eg : He urged the council to redue the rate The council was urged to redue the rate He urged that the rate should be reduced A : S+ would like + V (infi) + P : S + would like + Oi + to Oi + Od be + P2 love love Eg : I would like to give Lan a nice prsent I would like Lan to be given a nice present A : S + like + O + V (infi) P : S + like + to be + + P2+ Eg : I don’t like people to ask me stupid questions I don’t like to be asked stupid questions A : S + need + V(infi) P : S + need + to be P2 / V-ing Eg : I need to clean the house because it is very dirty The house needs to be cleaned because it is very dirty A : S + hate/ remember / object to + O + V-ing 11 P : S + hate / remember / object to + being + P2 Eg : She hates people staring at her She hates being stared at 10 A : It is one’s duty + V ( infi) P : S + be + supposed + V(infi) Eg : It is your duty to this work You are supposed to this work 11 A : S + let + O + P : S + be + allowed / V(infi) permitted + V (infi) Eg : He let me go I was allowed / permitted to go VI: Kinds of exercises Exercise 1:Change the following sentences into passive: 1.My father waters this flower every morning ->………………………………………………………… John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night ->………………………………………………………… No one can move the heavy rock in his garden ->………………………………………………………… Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen ->………………………………………………………… 5.We should clean our teeth twice a day ->…………………………………………………………… Did Mary buy this beautiful dress? ->…………………………………………………………… 7.Some people will interview the new president on TV ->……………………………………………………………… 8.We can’t finish our work on time ->…………………………………………………………… 9.Her husband never takes her to the cinema ->……………………………………………………………… 10 He was doing his homework at p.m yesterday ->………………………………………………………………… 12 Exercise2:Choose the best answer a,b,c or d to complete the following sentences: My wedding ring ………… of gold a is made b is making c made d maked If your brother ………………., he would come a invited b were invited c were inviting d invite Mr Wilson is …………… as Wilie to his friend a knowed b knew c known d is known References ………… in the examination room a not are used b is not used c didn’t used d are not used Laura ………… in Boston a are born b were born c was born d born My nother is going …………… this house a sold b to be sold c to sold d to sell 7.There’s somebody hehind us I think we are ……………… a being followed b are followed c follow d following Have you …………… by a dog? a bite b ever been bit c ever been bitten d bit 9.The room is being ………… at the moment a was cleaned b cleaned c cleaning d clean 10 The road to our village ………… widened next year a is b will c can d will be 11 His car needs ……………… a be fixed b fixing c to be fixing d fixed 12 Her watch needs…………… a reparing b to be repaired c repaired d a&b 13 He was said……………….this building a designing b to have designed c to designs d designed 14 Ted………….by a bee while he was sitting in the garden a got sting b got stung c get stung d gets stung 15 Let the children………… taken to the cinema a to b be c to be d being Exercise 3: Choose the best answer a,b,c or d to complete the following sentences: Somebody cleans that room everyday a The room every day is cleaned b The room is everyday cleaned c The room is cleaned every day d The room is cleaned by somebody everyday They cancelled all flights because of fog a All flights because of fog were cancelled b All flights were cancelled because of fog c All flights were cancelled by them because of fog d All flights were because of fog cancelled They are building a new highway around the city a A new highway is being built around the city b A new highway is being built around the city by them 13 c A new highway around the city is being built d Around the city a new highway is being built They have built a new hospital near the airport a A new hospital has been built near the airport by them b A new hospital near the airport has been built c A new hospital has been built near the airport d Near the airport a new hospital has been built by them They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview a You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview b You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview by them c A lot of questions will be asked you at the interview d A lot of questions will be asked at the interview People don’t use this road very often a This road is not used very often b Not very often this road is not used c This road very often is not used d This road not very often is used Somebody accused me of stealing money a I was accused by somebody of stealing money b I was accused of stealing money c I was accused of stealing money by somebody d I was accused stealing money Somebody is using the computer at the moment a The computer is being used at the moment b The computer at the moment is being used c The computer is being used by somebody at the moment d The computer is used at the moment The bill includes service a Service is included by the bill b Service included in the bill c Service is included in the bill d Service is in the bill 10 They have changed the date of the meeting a The date of the meeting has been changed b The date of the meeting has been changed by them c The meeting has been changed the date d The date of the meeting has changed 11 It has been said that UFO sightings are increasing a People say that UFO sightings are increasing b people have said that UFO sightings are increasing c That UFO sightings are increasing is true d UFO has been said to be inreasing 12 He is getting them mend the windows a He’s having the windows to mend b He’s having to mend the windows c He’s having to be mended the windows 14 d He is having the windows mended 13 They made her hand over her passport a She was made to hand over her passport b She was made hand over her passport c She was handed over to make her passport d She was handed over for her passport to make 14 Don’t let the others see you a Don’t let you to be seen b Don’t let yourself be seen c You aren’t to be seen by the others d Both a &c allowed 15 They say that many people are homeless after the storm a They say many people to have been homeless after the storm b They say many piople to bbe homeless after the storm c Many people are said to have been homeless after the storm d Many people are said to be homeless after the storm 16 They know that the Prime Minister is in favour of the new law a The Prime minister is known to have been in favour of the new law b They know the Prime Minister to be in favour of the new law c The Prime Minister is known to be in favour of the new law d They know the Prime Minister to have been in favour of the new law 17 They expect that the government will lose the election a The government is expected to have lost the election b The government is expected to lose the election c They expect the government to lose the election d They expect the government have lost election 18 I didn’t realize that somebody was recording our conversation a I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded b I didn’t realize that our conversation was being recorded c I didn’t realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone d Our conversation wasn’t realized to be recorded 19 They never made us anything we didn’t want to a We are never made to anything we didn’t want to b We were never made to anything we didn’t want to c We have never made to anything we didn’t want to d We had never made to anything we didn’t want to 20 Brian told me that somebody had attacked him in the street a I was told by Brian that soebody had attacked him in the street b I was told by Brian that he had been attacked in the street c Brian told me to have been attacked in the street d Brian told me that he had been attacked in the street Exercise 4: Give the correct forms of the verbs I am not going to the party I (not invite) English ( speak) all over the world 15 This jacket is rather dirty It needs (clean) The music for “ The Marriage of Figaro” (write) by Mozart The Statue (break) while it ( move) to another room in the museum Why you keep looking back? Are you afraid of (follow)? These are toys (make) in Japan The results ( announce) tomorrow morning I am having my house (paint ) That is why there is all this mess 10.The children made their bed without ( tell) 11.Ten people (kill) in a train crash in Sweden two days ago 12.Her new novel will (translate) into Vietnamese 13.The classroom is still very dirty I don’t think it (clean) 14.If we don’t hurry, all the tickets (sell) by the time we get there 15 We ( tell) not to go out at nights recently 16 We don’t want to ( pay ) low wages 17 The hotel we stayed at was quite good.The rooms (clean) every day 18 I wonder why Mary(not invite) to the wedding party last night 19 If I (tell) before, I would come to your wedding 20 She gets used to (take) to the zoo on weekends VII Result of researching: (KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU) Với đề tài qua năm học 2010-2011 thân vừa nghiên cứu thử nghiệm học sinh hai khối khối , thấy học sinh nắm vấn đề câu bị động Các em bớt lo sợ phải tiếp xúc với dạng tập câu bị động Đặc biệt học sinh giỏi học sinh đội tuyển , em hào hứng tiếp xúc với loại tập mang lại kết cao kì thi học sinh giỏi tỉnh huyện vừa tổ chức Bản thân thấy để truyền tải tất dạng câu bị động cho học sinh tiết học điều mà ta đưa mẫu câu Chính giáo viên cần phải tận dụng học tự chọn , tiết dạy bồi dưỡng để truyền đạt tới học sinh , nhiên phải quan tâm tới vấn đề luyện tập có luyện tập thật nhiều học sinh có khả vận dụng tốt kiến thức học vào thực tiễn 16 C CONCLUSION: ( KẾT LUẬN) Trong trình giảng dạy tiếng Anh khối khối 9, giới thiệu cho em học sinh kiến thức câu bị động tiếng Anh Đối với đối tượng học sinh khác nhau, yêu cầu kiến thức khác Đối với đối tượng học sinh yếu, phục vụ loại tập bình thường chương trình tơi giới thiệu phần cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động, câu bị động số tiếng Anh học chương trình, với động từ khuyết thiếu Còn đối tượng học sinh khá, giỏi, học sinh học đội tuyển tơi giới thiệu thêm phần số dạng đặc biệt câu bị động Trong q trình giảng dạy, tơi nhận thấy học sinh phần lớn nắm kiến thức áp dụng làm dạng tập trắc nghiệm phục vụ cho kiểm tra môn học Tuy nhiên, đối tượng học sinh yếu, em cịn gặp nhiều khó khăn phần kiến thức liên quan chặt chẽ với phần kiến thức khác đặc biệt tiếng Anh.Vì vậy, dạy phần kiến thức này, yêu cầu học sinh nhắc lại kiến thức học phần tiếng Anh kiến thức có liên quan khác Xin chân thành cảm ơn! , ngày 24 tháng 11 năm 2011 Người viết Vũ Thị Thúy Hải 17 18 ... THCS, câu bị động đưa vào giảng dạy khối Trong chuyên đề mình, tập trung vào số vấn đề lý thuyết câu bị động cấu trúc, cách sử dụng,cách chuyển từ chủ động sang bị động, số dạng đặc biệt câu bị động? ??... tập trắc nghiệm ngược lại Vì tơi chọn đề tài “ Câu bị động dạng tập ” làm vấn đề nghiên cứu chuyên đề II Aims of researching.( Mục đích nghiên cứu) Khi viết chuyên đề này, tơi mong góp thêm vài... tập sử dụng nhiều kì thi khảo sát thi học sinh giỏi cấp Muốn làm tốt tập câu bị động học sinh cần phải nắm vấn đề liên quan đến câu chủ động , câu bị động tiếng Anh, chuyển từ hình thức làm tập