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Linh muc, Tien si Pham Ba Trflc vdi vd'n tri thflc da dat dfldc trong vdng chfn nam dd ba bang tien si, thau hieu gia tri cua ldi Chua Giesu day nhfl Hd Chf Mmh ndi la "cd flu diem la lo[r]
(1)Nghien ciru Ton giao Sd I - 2010 17 LINH MUC PHAIVI BA TRlTC KINH CHUA, YEU NlTaC, NGirOTl DAI BIEU CHAN CHINH CHO NHAN DAN VIET NAM LE MAU HAN'*' L inh muc P h a m Ba Trflc (11/1898 - b a n g xam Ifldc va thd'ng tri de gianh lai 10/1954), ngfldi ciia mdt va gifl vflng nen ddc lap dan tdc, gia dinh gdc dao Cdng giao thupc tinh Ninh Hd Chf Minh da tdng ket mdt luan de cd Binh, ndi sinh r a ngfldi a n h hflng Dinh gia tri khoa hoc va thflc tien vd cflng quan Bd Linh da dep loan 12 sfl quan, thdng trpng, rang: "tfl ddc lap la quyen trdi cho nha't da't nflde, len ngdi h o a n g de (tflc la ciia mdi dan tdc"'", la quyen thieng lieng Dinh Tien Ploang), la'y qud'c hieu la Dai ciia mpi qud'c gia dan tdc tren the gidi He Cd Viet, ddng d Hoa Lfl, Mdt qud'c gia mdt dan tdc da dflng len kien quyet t r a n h ddc lap cd qudc hieu, cd n h a nflde rieng da'u cho Td qud'c hp thi khdng ai, khdng lflc hoang de dflng d a u da dfldc xac lap (970) Ifldng g] chien t h a n g dfldc hp Qud'c gia dan tdc Viet N a m cd hcin ngan n a m lich sii tfl gay dflng va p h a t trien mdt nen v a n hoa dac sac d tren dai da't ven bien Thai Binh Dfldng hien c h u n g ta La mdt ngfldi ciia mdt dan tdc cd y chl va k h a t vpng ddc lap tfl P h a m Ba True khdng the khdng m a n g minh ddng m a u va y chf cua dan tdc dang sd'ng Khd'i cdng ddng d a n cfl sd'ng tren dai da't Viet N a m cang md rdng sdm cd y thflc ddng t h u a n , dflm bpc lan khdng p h a n biet giai cap xa hdi tdc ngfldi, tdn giao k h a c n h a u , doan ket cang chat che de dflng vflng va phat trien; cd y thflc sau sac ve quyen lam chii da't nflde, chii quyen qud'c gia dan tdc, cung sd'ng va chien da'u ba't khua't de bao ve chii quyen da't nflde da h i n h t h a n h va phat trien nen mdt t r u y e n thdng vd cflng quy b a u lam ddng lflc cho sfl trfldng tdn qud'c gia d a n tdc, Dd la chii nghia dan tdc, cdt loi la y chf ddc lap va k h a t vpng tfl Vao gifla the ki XIX thuc dan P h a p den xam Ifldc va thdng tri, bien Viet N a m t h a n h thudc dia ctia chflng Chi'nh sach thdiig tri t a n bao ciia thflc dan P h a p da lam cho mau t h u a n gifla dan tdc Viet N a m vdl P h a p dien sau sac, dac biet nhflng n a m ciia the chien lan thfl hai Nam 1941, Hd Chf M m h ve nflde true tiep lanh dao cudc each m a n g giai phdng d a n tdc, thflc hien dai doan ket dan tdc, t a p t r u n g lflc Ifldng ciia toan dan, d a n h P h a p va N h a t , de gianh lai ddc lap hoan toan, lap nen mdt n h a nflde dan chii mdi, theo the che cpng hoa dan chii Viet Natn - - ddng chii Iflu ciia qua t r i n h lich sii dan tdc Viet N a m , Nhd y chi ddc lap va k h a t vpng tfl ma d a n tdc ta da lap nen biet bao chien cdng t r o n g lich sii chdng ngoai * PCTS, N G N D , Dai hpc Khoa hpc Xa hpi va Nhan \m Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi Hd Chi Minh Todn tap Nxb Chinh tri Qu(5c gia, H 1995, tap 5, tr (2) 18 mdt nha nflde chung ciia ca dan tde chfl khdng phai rieng cua mdt dang phai, mdt giai ca'p nao Chii trfldng danh dudi Phap - Nhat ciia Hd Chf Minh da phat huy dfldc sflc manh ciia toan dan, chdp thdi cd thuan ldi ngan nam cd mdt, tien hanh cupc tdng khdi nghia thang Tam nam 1945 - cupc khdi nghia dan tdc thang ldi toan qud'c, lap Chfnh phti lam thdi nflde Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng hoa Day la mdt dien hinh cdng ciia mdt cudc each mang giai phdng dan tdc, the hien mdt chii nghia dan tpc sang sudt Hd Chf Minh da ndi: "Cach mang d dau cdng cung dd mau nhieu Cd nflde phai chat dau vua Cd nflde ddng bao chia dang phai, chem giet lien tiep nhieu nam Nflde ta vua tfl thoai vi, cac dang phai khdng cd ma'y Trong mdt thdi gian ngan, cae giai cap dean ket mdt khdi, mudn dan doan ket mflu hanh phuc chung la nflde dfldc hoan toan ddc lap va chd'ng dfldc giac xam lang, dudi bon thflc dan tham ac ngoai bd cdi"'"' Theo hpc d La Ma chfn nam, Pham Ba Trflc da dd tien si triet hpc, luat hpc (giao luat) va than hpe Ve nflde Tie'n si Pham Ba Trflc dfldc cii di trcng nom nhieu nha thd Nam 1929, Tie'n si, Linh muc dfldc cii di lam linh muc chfnh xfl Khoan Vi (nay thudc xa Nhan Chfnh, huyen Ly Nhan, ti'nh Ha Nam), Sdng ldng dan tdc, Lmh muc Pham Ba Trflc da chflng kien tfl nam 1930 trd di dfldi ngpn cd ddc lap tfl ciia Hd Chi Mmh, phong trao da'u t r a n h cua nhan dan Viet Nam da didn cang cd tfnh cha't dan tpc sau rpng dan den cupc each mang thang Tam vi dai, ldi cud'n toan dan tham gia dd cd nhieu ngfldi dan thupc cac t h a n h phan Nghien ciJu Ton giao Sd - 2010 tde ngfldi, ton giao chfla kip tham gia cac td chflc cflu qud'c cung da ddng hanh tren dfldng each mang giai phdng eua dan tdc va dflng xay nen Dan chii Cpng hda Viet Nam dd cd nhieu trf thflc, nhflng linh muc nhfl Pham Ba Trflc, Chfnh phii nflde Viet Nam Dan chii Cpng hoa thflc sfl la mdt Chinh phu ciia dan tdc, dan tdc va vi dan tdc, Hoat ddng ctia Chi'nh phii, tfl dau da td ro mpt y mud'n nha't, lam dem lai cho dan chung dfldc tfl dc, ddc lap hoan toan va de cho tat ca mgi phan tii qud'c dan dfldc "hfldng tfl dgc lap nhfl mudn vat dfldc hfldng anh sang mat trdi"'^', Ve mat phap If, sau mdi t h a n h lap, Chinh phii da ban hanh nhieu sac lenh de thflc hien quyen tfl dan chii ciia nhan dan, Ve quyen tfl tfn ngfldng, 20-9-1945, Chfnh phii da Sac lenh sd' 35/SL, neu rd quyen tfl tin ngfldng la mdt nguyen tac ciia chfnh the dan chii cpng hda, Vi vay Sac lenh neu ro: "Den chfla, lang tam, nha thd, ta't ca cac ndi cd tfnh each tdn giao ba't cfl tdn giao nao, nhan dan deu phai tdn trpng khdng dfldc xam pham" Ve quyen cua cdng dan Viet Nam dfldc ghi Hien phap nam 1946 dd cd quyen tiC tin ngUdng Nflde Viet Nam ddc lap tfl mdi gianh lai da gap nhflng khd khan ldn, Chfnh quyen each mang dflng trfldc mpt tinh the "ngan can treo sdi tdc"! Cudc each mang giai phdng dan tdc ciia chung ta edn phai tie'p dien vi nd chfla hoan 2, Ho Chi Minh Todn tap Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia H, 1995,tap4 tr,43, 44 Hd Chi Minh, Todn tdp Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia, H, 1995, tap4, tr, 45 (3) Le Mau Han Linh miic Phgm Bd Tn/c Khau hieu ciia chung ta luc van la: "Dan tdc tren het", "To qud'c tren het" Bao ve va cung cd' Chfnh quyen la nhiem vu bao trflm, khd khan va nang ne nha't luc Vi vay, phai tang cfldng va md rpng khdi dai doan ket toan dan, hoa hdp dan tdc, xay dflng va ciing cd' da't nflde ve mpi mat De thflc hien dai doan ket dan tdc phai Cling cd' Viet Minh, tiep tuc td chflc mdt so' doan the cflu qudc mdi nhfl Cdng thfldng cflu qud'c, Cong giao cflu qudc, Vien chflc cflu qud'c, Hfldng dao cflu qud'c, Hdi lien hiep Qud'c dan Viet Nam da ddi (29-5-1946), Day la mdt td chflc rdng rai ciia mat tran thdi ky mdi, mdt sfl kien chfnh tri quan trpng nham doan ket tat ca cac dang phai yeu nflde va ddng bao yeu nflde khdng dang phai, khdng phan biet giai ca'p, tdn giao, xu hfldng chfnh tri, ddng bao cac tdc ngfldi, pha'n da'u cho nflde Viet Nam dfldc Ddc lap, Thdng nha't, Dan chu, Phu cfldng Luc nay, hdn bao gid he't "bao nhieu kien giai ca'p, bao nhieu phan tranh dang phai, bao nhieu dd' ki ve tdn giao va ndi gid'ng phai ba't khdi dfldng tie'n trien ctia dan tdc Viet Nam Tfl qud'c dan Viet Nam da lien hiep, khdng phai chi lien hiep d Chi'nh phii, ma cdn lien hiep d quang dai qudn chung nhan dan Thd'ng nha't dan tdc la mdt vu khf sac ben chd'ng lai ke thu dan tdc Vu khf a'y, ta phai gifl mdt ciia bau Luc bf quye't ciia sfl cdng d chd tinh than doan ke't"''" Lmh muc Phan Ba Trflc da tham gia tfch cflc Ban van dpng lap Hdi Lien hiep Quoc dan, gpi tat la Hdi Lien Viet Thang 3-1951, Dai hpi toan qud'c thd'ng nha't Viet Minh va Lien Viet Mat tran Lien hiep Qud'c dan Viet Nam, Dai hdi da tdn vinh Hd Chf Minh la Chu tich danh dfl ciia Mat tran, Tdn Dflc Thang lam Chii tich; Linh muc Pham Ba Trflc la mdt vien bay Phd Chii tich ciia Mat tran Thflc hien khdi doan ket dan tdc, Pham Ba Trflc dac biet quan tam tuyen truyen, van ddng ddng bao Cdng giao phai kfnh Chfla, yeu nflde, doan ket chat che cflng toan dan day manh khang chien va kien qud'c, dfla khang chien de'n thang ldi, Khdi dai doan ket dan tdc la chd dfla nha nflde ciia dan tdc, dan tdc va vi dan tdc Dfla tren cd sci chfnh tri dd bd may chi'nh quyen da dfldc ciing cd' va tang cfldng Cudc Tdng tuyen cti bau Qudc hdi dau tien da dien 6-1-1946 danh da'u mdc phat trien dau tien tien trinh xay dflng the che dan chii tren da't nflde Viet Nam Chfnh phii lien hiep khang chie'n Hd Chf Minh lam Chii tich da dfldc Qud'c hdi cdng nhan Thanh cdng ciia cudc bdu cii Qudc hdi lan thfl nha't va ki hpp thfl nha't ciia Qud'c hdi da bdu Ban Thfldng vu ciia Qud'c hdi va lap dfldc Chfnh phu lien hiep khang chien la mdt thang ldi ldn ciia chien Ifldc dai doan ket dan tdc de thflc hien nhiem vu thieng lieng la khang chien va kien qud'c, gifl vflng ldi the ddc lap ciia qud'c dan 2/9/1945 - khai sinh nflde Viet Nam Dan chii Cpng hda Thanh phan ciia dai bieu Qudc hdi Ban Thfldng trflc Qud'c hdi va Chfnh phti Truang Chinh Hdi lien hiep cpidc ddn ddi Bao SuThdi so 38 1-6-1946 (4) 20 lien hiep khang chien gdm cac dai bieu flu tu ciia cac dang each mang, cac giai ca'p, cac tpc ngfldi, cac nhan si khdng dang phai va ddi vdi tdn giao, cd dai bieu eiia Cdng giao, Phat giao, Cao Dai,, Linh muc Pham Ba Trflc vi Chua, vi chfnh nghia ma tham gia Qud'c hdi, tham gia khang chien Xin dfldc nhde ldi ctia Linh muc Pham Ba Trflc neu nhan dip le Chua giang sinh: "Ta hay vi Chua vi chfnh nghia ma khang chien oanh liet Vi chfnh nghia, ta hay doan ket, dai doan ket chat che vdi het thay ddng bao toan qud'c; hay het tam thflc hanh va phd thdng dflc bac cdng giao Ta hay dflng len sat eanh vdi toan the ddng bao dang khang chie'n lay lai cho ky dfldc ddc lap, thd'ng nha't, tfl thflc sfl cho Td qudc"''" Linh muc, Tien si Pham Ba Trflc vdi vd'n tri thflc da dat dfldc vdng chfn nam dd ba bang tien si, thau hieu gia tri cua ldi Chua Giesu day nhfl Hd Chf Mmh ndi la "cd flu diem la long nhan cao ca", cd y thflc dan tpc, long yeu nflde ndng nan, da dfldc nhan dan khu vflc bdu eii tinh Ha Nam bau lam dai bieu Qud'c hdi khoa dau tien ciia Viet Nam, Vdi dao dflc va tai nang ciia minh, trfldc ddi hdi ciia qud'c dan va chfnh sach dai doan ket dan tdc, trpng dung nhan tai ctia Hd Chf Mmh, ciia chfnh quyen each mang dan chii mdi, lmh muc, tie'n si Pham Ba Trflc dfldc bdu lam uy vien dfl khuyet Ban Thfldng trflc Qude hdi (3-1946), Do tinh hinh chien tranh, tai ki hpp thfl hai Qud'c hdi da quye't dinh giao cho Ban Thfldng ti-xtc nhiem vu lien lac vdi Chfnh phti de gdp y kien va phe binh Chinh phii; eung Chi'nh phii quy dinh viec thi hanh Hien phap Nghien ciJu Ton giao Sd -2010 lien lac vdi cac dai bieu Qud'c hdi va trieu tap Qud'c hpi hpp can thiet, cung Chfnh phii quye't dinh tuyen chien, dinh chien hoac ky hiep fldc vdi nflde ngoai, Vdi trpng traeh nang ne dd, Quo'c hpi da bau lai Ban Thfldng trflc Bui Bang Doan lam Trfldng ban, Tdn Dflc Thang va Tdn Quang Phiet lam Phd Trfldng ban va 12 uy vien chfnh thflc, dd cd Linh muc Pham Ba Trflc Den cudi thang 12-1946 khang chien dien quyet liet, cac uy vien Ban Thfldng trflc dfldc phan cdng di ve cac dia phfldng ddng vien nhan dan khang chien va theo kha nang va yeu cau ma tham gia khang chien d dia phfldng, Cdn d Trung fldng, Bfli Bang Doan dfldc phan cdng d ben canh Chi'nh phii de tie'p tuc thflc hien nhiem vu ciia Ban Thfldng trflc, va tiep theo Tdn Dflc Thang va Linh muc Pham Ba Trflc dfldc mdi ve cflng Trfldng ban dieu hanh cdng viec cua Ban, Nam 1948 Bui Bang Doan dm phai di chfla benh Tdn Dflc Thang gifl chflc Quyen Trfldng ban Thfldng trflc Qud'c hdi, ben canh cd Linh muc Pham Ba Trflc Thang 2-1950, Ban Thfldng trflc da bau bd sung ba uy vien chi'nh thflc va bau Ban Thfldng vu mdi gdm vien gdm cd Bfli Bang Doan van gifl chflc Trfldng ban, va cae vi Tdn Dflc Thang, Pham Ba Trflc, Tdn Quang Phiet, Dfldng Dflc Hie'u, Tran Huy Lieu Cu Bui Bang Doan cdn bi dm, Tdn Dflc Thang van Quyen Trfldng ban va Pham Ba Trflc la Phd Trfldng ban Thfldng trflc Qud'c hdi ke tfl thang 5/1947 Ban Thfldng vu mdi tie'p tuc gifl trpng traeh thflc hien cae nhiem Linh muc Pham Ba True Ta hdy vt cliiia vi chinh ngliJa md khdng chien oanh liet Bao Su That ,s6 105, nam 1948 (5) Le Mau Han Linh muc Pham Bd Trifc vu dd Qud'c hdi de tai ky hpp Qud'c hdi lan thfl hai nam 1946 dieu kien khang chien cang phat trien manh me La mdt dai bieu Qud'c hdi "cd quan cd quyen cao nha't ciia nflde Viet Nam Dan chii Cdng hoa" theo quy dinh ciia Hien phap nflde Viet Nam nam 1946, dfldc bau vao Ban Thfldng trflc Qud'c hdi, tren cfldng vi la uy vien dfl khuyet den Phd Ban Thfldng trflc Qud'c hdi, Linh muc Pham Ba Trflc da tfch cflc tuyen truyen chinh sach dai doan ke't ciia Hd Chf Minh the hien viec bau Qud'c hdi, viec lap Chinh phii lien hiep khang chie'n; thflc hien tri mdi quan he vdi nhan dan va chinh quyen cac cap d dia phfldng Cac chi'nh sach ldn cua Chfnh phii nhfl chfnh sach san xua't va tiet kiem, chi'nh sach thue ndng nghiep, chfnh sach rudng da't, phat ddng quan chung giam td, giam tflc tie'n tdi thflc hien cai each rudng da't deu dfldc sfl gdp y va ddng thuan ciia Ban Thfldng trflc ciia Qud'c hdi Dac biet Qud'c hdi da quye't dinh uy nhiem eho Chi'nh phu va Ban Thfldng trflc Qud'c hdi thi hanh Hien phap phai dfla tren nguyen tac da dinh Hien phap de ban hanh cac dao luat, Qud'c hdi tiep tue hoat ddng, ganh vac traeh nhiem mdi lam nhiem vu lap hien va lap phap, Thflc hien nhiem vu quan trpng dd tfl thang 3-1946 de'n thang 10-1954, Ban Thfldng vu Qud'c hdi da gdp y vdi Chfnh 21 phii da ban hanh dfldc 1083 Sac lenh ; Qudc hdi da thdng qua luat cai each rudng da't mot Dfl an luat lao ddng va mdt Hien phap 1946 Thuc tien lich sii dd chflng td Qud'c hdi, chii yeu la Ban Thfldng trflc Qud'c hdi dd cd Pham Ba Trflc da thflc thi viec lap hie'n va lap phap nhdm dieu hanh da't nflde bang phap luat hoan canh ea nflde phai khang chien Dfldc nhan dan tin cay, bau lam dai bieu Qud'c hdi va Qudc hdi da bau vao Ban Thfldng true, sud't nam khang chien Linh muc Pham Ba Trflc da dem het tinh than va nghi lflc phuc vu sfl nghiep khang chien va kien qud'c, trflc tiep giup Chi'nh phii mpi van de quan trpng cho den luc lam benh, va da di vao cdi vinh hang 5-10-1954, Vdi long tiec thfldng vd cung ddi vdi mdt vi linh muc tan yeu nflde va mdt ngfldi ban than men ,Chu tich Hd Chf Minh da viet ldi dieu cu Pham Ba Trflc, mdt vi Phd Trfldng ban: "Trong mpi viec, cu da ket hdp dao dflc bac theo ldi Chua day, vdi tinh thdn ndng nan yeu nflde cua ngfldi dai bieu chan chfnh cho nhan dan Viet Nam""''./ Hd Chi Mmh Todn lap Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia H, 1996 tap 7, tr 357 (6)