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Object: Research object of the dissertation is the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities; in which it considers and studies agencies, organizations and individuals related to voluntary activities.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AN DINH DOANH STATE MANAGEMENT FOR VIETNAMESE YOUTH VOLUNTEERS' ACTIVITIES Major: Public Administration Management Code: 62 34 82 01 SUMMARY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION DOCTERAL DISSERTATION Hanoi - 2020 The work has been completed in NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Supervisors: Prof Dr Nguyen Dang Thanh TS Hoàng Xuân Lương Defence 1: Defence 2: Defence 3: The dissertation is defensed before the dissertation assessment council in the Academy Location: Doctoral dissertation defence room – Meeting room ….Building …, National Academy of Public Administration, No.77 Nguyen Chi Thanh, Dong Da District, Hanoi City Time: At ……… hour … date … month … 2020 The dissertation can be foud in : - Library of the National Academy of Public Administration - National Library of Vietnam INTRODUCTION Rationale In the national history process, Vietnamese people, with hard work, creativity, intelligence and courage in flood controls and struggle against the aggressors, have lived together in gratitude and love with highly charitable spirit and profound ethics of sharing Nowadays, these precious qualities have been inherited by Vietnamese young generations and vividly expressed through youth volunteer activities Vietnamese youth are always present in most socio-economic fields and the ones who have good health, knowledge, creativity, enthusiasm and volunteering for the community, and an important human resource for the development of the country Our Party and State have always appreciated the youth’s role and position With favorable conditions and environment, a lot of the youth will participate in voluntary activities to contribute to solving difficult and urgent problems of the community and society and bringing about increasingly effective results Many studies have confirmed that contributions of voluntary activities to socio-economic development over the past time are very great, resulting in success of poverty elimination and sustainable development as well as effectively attaining the Millennium Goals in Vietnam However, the system of policies and laws on Vietnamese youth volunteer activities still has shortcomings and is lacked and non-synchronous, leading to many superficial and ineffective voluntary activities In addition, enterprises, clubs, teams, groups and individuals are often spontaneous upon organizing voluntary activities, without state management; so it is easy to become a tool for some organizations, individuals or volunteers to exploit as well as for the hostile forces to use to expand their reputation in order to “induce” the youth and divide the great national unity bloc Besides, the theoretical research on State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities has many contents unsolved Therefore, it is urgent to soon complete policies and laws on Vietnamese youth volunteer activities, help strengthen the State management and maximize the efficiency of voluntary activities For the above reasons, the PhD Student has selected the title: “State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities” as a study, in conformity with the theories and practices in Vietnam Objectives and missions of the study 2.1 Objectives of the study On the basis of determining the theoretical and practical basis of the State management for youth voluntary activities, methods and solutions on promoting State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities will be proposed 2.2 Missions of the study - To review the research situation of the domestic and foreign scholars and authors about issues related to the dissertation title; - To clarify basic issues about theoretical basis for State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities; - To analyze and evaluate actual status of State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities since 2000; - To propose methods and solutions on promoting State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities Object and scope of the study 3.1 Object Research object of the dissertation is the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities; in which it considers and studies agencies, organizations and individuals related to voluntary activities 3.2 Scope of the study - Contents: Study State management for voluntary programs and projects; State management for voluntary activities mainly organized by the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union and voluntary activities organized by other organizations and individuals - Space and time: Study State management for youth voluntary activities in the whole country since 2000 (when the Youth Union officially launched the nationwide youth volunteer movement) Methodology and research methods 4.1 Methodology It is based on the methodology of the dialectical and historical materialism and approaches to study from the point of view of the public administration science to objectively explain the issues on State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities in the dialectically logic thinking 4.2 Research methods The methods used are theoretically analytical - synthetic method; hypothetical method; historical method combined with scientific observation method; sociological investigation method; analysis method and experience summary; and expert method to select scientific knowledge and study about State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities In addition, the PhD student has directly discussed and consulted with teachers, scientists and social managers For the sociological investigation method, the criteria for selecting the investigated area are identified and include (i) localities with a large number of youth participating in voluntary activities; (ii) localities representing all regions of the country; (iii) localities have differences in intellectual and socio-economic qualifications; and (iv) localities representing the rural or urban areas On that basis, the areas are selected and surveyed with 400 votes for volunteers and 100 votes for managers in the provinces and cities such as Hanoi, Can Tho, Thai Nguyen, Quang Tri and Dong Nai Questionnaire results are processed by SPSS 22 statistical software Research questions and hypothesis 5.1 Research questions - What are the theoretical and practical bases of the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities? - Which contents of the State management for voluntary activities? Which factors affect the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities? - How is the actual status of the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities? Specify results and issues which need to be solved - Which orientations for the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities in the coming time? Specify solutions 5.2 Hypothesis However, the policies and laws on voluntary activities are still limited and inadequate; legal bases such laws or ordinances on voluntary activities are not enough strong; organizational apparatus has not met requirements; officers and civil servants in the State management agencies are insufficient in quantity and of low quality; and there is no the coordination unit for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities So, it is necessary to promote the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities and ensure efficiency and effectiveness However, the policies and laws on voluntary activities are still limited and inadequate; legal bases such laws or ordinances on voluntary activities are not enough strong; organizational apparatus has not met requirements; officers and civil servants in the State management agencies are insufficient in quantity and of low quality; and there is no the coordination unit for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities So, it is necessary to promote the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities and ensure efficiency and effectiveness New contributions of the study From the aspect of studying, analyzing and interpreting the actual status of State management for voluntary activities, the dissertation has clarified roles of the entities and relationship between the entities upon establishing, organizing and implementing policies and laws on Vietnamese youth volunteer activities; clearly defined subjective and objective factors affecting the State management for voluntary activities, and then provide methods and solutions on improving quality and effectiveness of the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities from the angle of the State management The completed dissertation is a valuable reference in teaching and studying public policy and implementing public policy; and has a certain value in practical research for scholars interested in building policies and laws specific to the youth and management for the policy makers Design of the dissertation In addition to the introduction, conclusion, references and annexes, the dissertation includes 04 chapters: - Chapter 1: Overview of research situation related to the dissertation title - Chapter 2: Scientific bases on State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities - Chapter 3: Actual status of State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities - Chapter 4: Methods and solutions on promoting State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION RELATED TO THE DISSERTATION TITLE 1.1 Overview of research situation of Vietnamese youth volunteer activities 1.1.1 Domestic researches The PhD student studied 14 researches and topics of the authors as managers, scientists and research institutes In general, some of the above researches mentioned main concepts and the bases for the Youth Union to launch the youth volunteer movement nationwide; many works summarized the practice of Vietnamese youth volunteer activities, focusing on clarifying organizational model, results and significance of the voluntary activities in socio-economic development and national protection 1.1.2 Foreign researches The PhD student studied 06 researches of foreign authors related to voluntary activities in general The researches mentioned common issues of the voluntary activities as well as contributions of the voluntary activities to community development; thereafter the authors indicate benefits and new challenges for the voluntary activities in the development process Some researches provided basic knowledge about voluntary activities, such as concepts, organizational model, influencing factors, development trends and role of the voluntary activities in socio-economic development and volunteer personal development However, most of the researches conducted by the countries and international organizations focused on voluntary activities of the citizens but not on youth volunteer activities 1.2 Overview of research situation of State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities 1.2.1 Domestic researches Researches on State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities were limited in quantity, mainly ministerial-level scientific researches, dissertations, books and in-depth articles The documents provided basic knowledge to help generally identify the state management for youth and youth volunteer activities In which, some researches proposed amendments of and supplements to the Law on Youth 2005 and recommended application of the Law on Youth to some policies on youth pioneers and youth volunteers; some authors discussed organizational structure and apparatus on youth and Vietnamese youth volunteer activities 1.2.2 Foreign researches Foreign researches on State management for voluntary activities still have many limitations The PhD student selected 04 documents which studied in depth the home country’s legal regulations in management of voluntary activities Some countries promulgated the Volunteer Act (Philippines) or the Decree on Volunteer Services (China) or the volunteer policy in the Youth Policy (Bulgaria) 1.3 Comments on overview of research situation related to the dissertation 1.3.1 Previous research results obtained First, the author mentioned some theoretical contents such as concepts, principles and organizational models … of voluntary activities; although the study has not been thorough but it includes suggestions and preconditions for next studies of the dissertation Secondly, the important research documents on role, actual status and impacts of voluntary activities on socio-economic development will be the basis for proposing policies for promoting Vietnamese youth volunteer activities Thirdly, the legal documents as well as mechanisms and policies on voluntary activities in Vietnam issued in recent years, together with volunteer policies of some countries are the valuable references for the dissertation to study and propose solutions for improving the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities 1.3.2 Contents of the dissertation to be deployed First, as to the scientific arguments, the dissertation studies in a comprehensive and systematic manner the contents of concepts related to the youth and youth volunteer activities and State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities Second, the dissertation clarifies contents of the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities; and factors affecting the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities Third, the dissertation evaluates actual state of the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities to clarify strengths, limitations and causes and then propose methods and solutions CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER The research indicates that the topic about youth and youth volunteer activities has been mentioned by many domestic and foreign authors but only foused on certain aspects, scopes and angles Most of the researches presented theoretical and practical issues of Vietnamese youth volunteer activities management of voluntary activities in general; but no researches have referred to State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities in a comprehensive and direct manner An overview of the researches conducted by the domestic and foreign authors has an important significance to help the PhD student generally recognize theories and practices of the youth, the youth volunteer activities and initial results in State management for the youth as the basis for identifying and correctly defining research issues and scientific bases to inherit and develop upon studying the dissertation title With practical demands and requirements of the country’s reforms, integration and development, it is required to study systematically and comprehensively the theoretical and practical bases for State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities, including contents, actual status of the State management and clarify difficulties, limitations and causes; on such basis, methods and solutions are proposed to promote the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities in next time Therefore, it can be affirmed that the topic titled “State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities” is the first scientific project to comprehensively and specifically study the State management for voluntary activities, meeting requirements of international integration in the viewpoint of the doctoral dissertation on public administration and management CHAPTER SCIENTIFIC BASES OF STATE MANAGEMENT FOR VIETNAMESE YOUTH VOLUNTEER ACTIVITIES 2.1 Main concepts 2.1.1 Concept of the youth The youth is a specific social population group at a certain age (of 16 to 30) in all classes and levels of society, in the ethnic groups and in the social life activities; has general characteristics of psychology, physiology and social awareness; and plays an important role for present and future national development 2.1.2 Concept of Vietnamese youth volunteer activities 2.1.2.1 Voluntary activities: The voluntary activities are the voluntary and not-for-profit activities of the organizations and individuals having efforts, skills and resources to organize the activities in order to help other people, groups and organizations, for community and social development without cost 2.1.2.2 Vietnamese youth volunteer activities: Vietnamese youth volunteer activities are the voluntary and not-for-profit activities of the youth volunteers having efforts, skills and resources to organize the activities in order to help and bring benefits for other people, groups and organizations, for community and social development without cost 2.1.2.3 Characteristics of Vietnamese youth volunteer activities - General characteristics of voluntary activities The dissertation presents 07 characteristics of voluntary activities, including 02 formal and informal voluntary forms; voluntary activities bringing material or spiritual benefits for the community, including benefits of the volunteers; basically, “giving” and devoting time, efforts, experiences and skills without need for material benefits; voluntary activities which are not mandatory to and not replaced for the salaried workers; a tool for the individuals or community groups to solve social, environmental or charitable demands; respects of rights and dignity of the other people and cultural traditions of the community; and for human rights and social equality - Characteristics of the youth volunteer activities The youth volunteer activities have 03 distinct characteristics such as (i) the youth have good health and desire to contribute their youth to doing useful tasks for community and society; (ii) with their age-related psychological and physiological changes and in the stage of personal development, if these youth are encouraged and mobilized to the official and legal voluntary organizations, they will promote their roles and position; and (iii) they are naturally pure and carefree but easily got unfair advantages and so it is required to manage and orientate the voluntary activities to arouse the youth volunteers’ spirit for community, social and national development - Characteristics of Vietnamese youth volunteer activities Vietnamese youth volunteer activities have 03 main characteristics: (i) Vietnamese youth have glorious revolutionary history tradition and the pioneers in all activities for community and society For nearly a century, their voluntary spirit has been strongly promoted in the wars of national liberation and defense; (ii) Vietnamese youth are present in all classes and levels of society and in 54 ethnic groups of Vietnam and have important position and roles in socio-economic development and defense and security Bringing into play the voluntary spirit of the youth will bring great efficiency in socio-economic development; and (iii) Vietnamese youth are gathered and organized in a system of Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union and in an important position and always aim at the great objectives of the country and the nation These particular characteristics of Vietnamese youth are convenient to organize the voluntary activities - Roles Vietnamese youth volunteer activities The youth volunteer activities have great roles of contributions to ensuring security, order and social safety; poverty elimination and social security; healthcare; education; gender equality; natural disaster prevention and control and environmental protection 2.1.3 Concepts related to Vietnamese youth volunteer activities 2.1.3.1 Charitable activities are to help weak and poor people through donations in cash or kinds or by time or humanitarian aid, healthcare or spiritual support Common characteristics of the charitable activities and the voluntary activities are to bring good things for the people and originate from their volunteer However, the charitable activities are different from the voluntary activities because the voluntary activities have clear purposes, aim at specific objectives, bring any positive changes and are organized under a defined plan The charitable activities are often organized by the individuals who want to be peaceful and to create blessings 2.1.3.2.The volunteers are the ones who have full civil act capacity, voluntarily participate in voluntary organizations or voluntary programs and projects for human, community and social development 2.1.3.3 The voluntary organizations are the ones which gather the volunteers and are established and operate in accordance with the laws, aiming at human, community and social development and not for profits 2.1.3.4 Forms of voluntary activities - Pursuant to Decision No.57/2015/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister of the Government, there are 02 forms of voluntary activities: (i) Volunteers participate in implementing socio-economic development programs and projects approved by the competent state agencies; and (ii) Volunteers join voluntary movements or campaigns towards ensuring social security, socio-economic development and security, order and social safety organized by the Youth Unions and the Student Association - Based on time for voluntary activities, there are 04 forms of voluntary activities: Regular voluntary activities, short-term voluntary activities, medium-term voluntary activities and long-term voluntary activities - Based on places for voluntary activities, there are 02 forms of voluntary activities: International voluntary activities and regional voluntary activities (frontiers and islands) - Based on characteristics of voluntary activities, there are 02 forms of voluntary activities: Formal voluntary activities (organized by the agencies and organizations directly under the Government; and political and social organizations …) and informal voluntary activities (organized by enterprises, clubs, teams, groups and other associations such as association of fellow-countrymen, association of fellow-students, association of families and non-profit groups…) 2.1.4 State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities 2.1.4.1 State management is a special form of social management, using state power and uses state law to regulate the behavior of the individuals and organizations on all aspects of social life, agencies and civil servants in the state apparatus perform, in order to serve the people and maintain the stability and development of the society 2.1.4.2 State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities - Concept of State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities is the use of state power to influence and adjust relationships and behavior of volunteers, voluntary organizations and community and social members related to the youth volunteer activities in order to ensure the correctness of the goals and effectiveness of Vietnamese youth volunteer activities - Characteristics of State management for youth voluntary activities: State management for youth voluntary activities is a unique, multi-faceted and complicated form of social management The State performs the general management of youth volunteer activities; with participation of other social entities, especially the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union; there is a harmonious combination between the method of administrative orders with the method of mobilization and persuasion - Roles of State management for youth voluntary activities: State management for youth voluntary activities has roles of orientation and management to properly develop the Party's guideline and the State's policies and laws Through it, educate, foster and develop the youth; create an environment for young people to practice, strive and grow; and establish a coordination mechanism, community responsibility for youth affairs and youth volunteer activities 2.2 Contents of the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities 2.2.1 Build and organize implementation of policies, laws, strategies, national programs and projects on volunteering This is an important activity to create a full and favorable legal environment in order to ensure that the volunteer activities has developed in the right direction and brought about the desired effects On the basis of the policies and laws, the national strategies, programs and projects on volunteering have been introduced and issued They are the basis for the ministries, branches and localities to develop specific volunteer programs and projects to attract the youth, students and young intellectuals to participate in developing disadvantaged, rural and mountainous areas 2.2.2 Organize the State management apparatus for voluntary activities On the basis of the general principles, the State management apparatus for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities will be organized into a central to local system, forming a synchronous whole to perform the state management function In 10 for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities, and determined the basic contents and factors affecting the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities Research results have identified key issues and diversified and systemized the issues of subjects, objects, methods and means of implementing the State management for youth voluntary activities This is a significant foundation to propose and recommend improvements of the State management apparatus and coordination mechanism among stakeholders, especially the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Central Committee of Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union in organizing and managing Vietnamese youth volunteer activities Besides, Chapter has mentioned, analyzed and evaluated characteristics and experiences in management of the voluntary activities in some typical countries for the regions in the world; and then defined common and specific characteristics of Vietnamese youth volunteer activities compared with those of other countries It is affirmed that diversity in volunteering and voluntary organizations is an objective requirement of the state management for this activity with similar characteristics in organization and management of the voluntary activities in other countries in building and promulgating policies and laws on youth volunteers; and it helps the PhD student find solutions for research purposes of the dissertation CHAPTER ACTUAL STATUS OF STATE MANAGEMENT FOR VIETNAMESE YOUTH VOLUNTEER ACTIVITIES 3.1 General issues of Vietnamese youth volunteer activities The voluntary spirit is the high quality of Vietnamese people and crystallized throughout the national history, and has been respected, preserved and promoted by Vietnamese youth generations In particular, during the resistance war against the US, many youth and students volunteered to struggle for the country defence and gain independence and freedom for the country Following the voluntary movement of generations, the Central Committee of Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union officially launched the movement "Youth volunteer" in 2000 The United Nations proclaimed 2001 as the International Year of Volunteers It was the first time that Vietnam officially became a member of the United Nations Volunteers Program and received technical support from the international volunteer organizations Since then, the youth volunteer movement has developed strongly through the summer volunteer campaign of the youth and students The contents of volunteering activities are specific, clear and close to the needs and practices of the locality The intensive youth volunteer teams are associated with the increasing developed expertise and profession of the youth and students, making contributions to solving socio-economic difficulties and urgencies and initial healthcare of the community, especially in the remote and extremely difficult areas Over nearly 20 years, the youth voluntary activities have constantly grown in size and quality and deployed in conformity with each locality’s conditions and characteristics and obtained practical efficiency As a result, the voluntary activities have attracted participation from nearly 01 million (2000) to about 70 million young 13 people (2019), making active contributions to handling socio-economic difficulties and urgencies, particularly in the remote and extremely difficult areas The voluntary activities have lured a lot of the youth and become an environment for the youth to train themselves and a practical school to provide rich knowledges and living experiences for the youth Originating from the practical requirements, for recent years, the Party and the State of Vietnam have promulgated some mechanisms and policies to attract the young people and elite intellectuals to voluntarily work in the areas with difficult and extremely difficult socio-economic conditions as well as join rural and mountainous development to assist the local Party committees, authorities and people in socio-economic development, poverty elimination and new rural construction; and give opportunities and create practical environment for the youth to practice, strive up, grow and become a source of cadres for localities and units In spite of strong developments, many youth volunteer activities are still lacked in sustainability, professionalism and efficiency and have not attracted more young people to participate in Most of the youth voluntary activities are organized and conducted by the Youth Union at all levels The majority of the youth confirm that they have participated in voluntary activities with a view to train, devote and develop necessary skills for themselves, but some young people have volunteered to enjoy preferential policies of the voluntary programs and projects and have not attached importance to training for startup 3.2 Actual status of State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities 3.2.1 Promulgate policies on Vietnamese youth volunteer activities On the basis of the 2005 Youth Law, some voluntary policies issued by the State have created a legal basis and a favorable environment for the youth to actively participate in voluntary activities However, most of the new policies have focused on voluntary activities under programs and projects but have not regulated youth volunteer activities in other fields, especially the policy on facilitating the excellent youth who are mature from the voluntary activities to have the opportunity to continue contributions and growth 3.2.2 Propagate and disseminate legal policies on Vietnamese youth volunteer activities The Ministry of Home Affairs and the Central Committee of Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union are two agencies in charge of propagating and disseminating the policies and laws on voluntary activities In addition, there are also the coordination units such as the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs, the Central Committee of Vietnam Fatherland Front, Vietnam Television Station, the Voice of Vietnam, the Provincial People's Committees, Provincial/ City Department of Home Affairs, newspapers and magazines In which, the Central Committee of the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union has a very important role 3.2.3 Organize state management apparatus on youth and Vietnamese youth volunteer activities Currently, Vietnam has no any separate organization to perform the function 14 of State management for youth voluntary activities Recently, the voluntary management mechanism has been mainly assigned to the Ministry of Home Affairs (the state management agency for youth affairs), in coordination with the ministries and central and local agencies, with the participation of the Central Committee of the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union In reality, most of the youth volunteer activities are organized and managed by the Youth Union and Association system However, up to now, neither agencies have managed and coordinated a very large number of the young people in non-state enterprises and spontaneously voluntary individuals and organizations, leading to a waste of volunteer resources 3.2.4 Train and foster managers on Vietnamese youth volunteer activities Currently, the officers and civil servants in charge of the state management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities basically possess university degrees or higher; annually attend training courses to improve capacity on state management for youth and youth volunteer activities However, the officers and civil servants are still lacked compared to the staffing criteria and have limited capacity and experiences; the officers at the grassroots have to concurrently hold many positions, so they are confused in advising, proposing and guiding for organization of the volunteer activities at the grassroots 3.2.5 Assistant resources of Vietnamese youth volunteer activities Currently, the budget for youth volunteer activities has not been allocated, mainly considered for each specific activity The voluntary programs and projects approved by competent authorities are financed by the state budget; while the voluntary activities for community and society organized by the Youth Union are mainly self-financed by the agencies, organizations or individuals or mobilized from other legal sponsoring sources Even the volunteers themselves contribute funds to organize the voluntary activities without any support from the State 3.2.6 Implement policies and laws on Vietnamese youth volunteer activities Based on the functions and powers assigned, the ministries have chaired the voluntary activities organized by the state agencies and coordinated with relevant ministries, departments and agencies for deploying implementation For the voluntary activities for community and society organized by Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union or other youth organizations, the Central Committee of Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union is the chairing unit 3.2.7 Inspect, examine and settle complaints and denunciations and handle violations Currently, there are no specific regulations on inspection, supervision and handling of violations of the voluntary activities and no any agency responsible for this issue The Inspection Board of the Central Committee of Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union takes responsibility for the volunteer activities organized by the Youth Union Central Committee The ministry, chairing agency or provincial/ district People’s Committee undertakes voluntary activities organized by the state agencies Neither agency is responsible for checking and supervising the spontaneous voluntary activities 15 3.3 General assessment of State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities 3.3.1 Results obtained First, the Youth Law was enacted in 2005 as a basis for promulgation of the policies and laws on youth and youth volunteer activities On November 16, 2015, the Prime Minister issued Decision No.57/2015/QD-TTg on policies on youth volunteer activities This was the first legal document directly defining policies on Vietnamese youth volunteer activities Second, the State management apparatus on youth has been established and assigned to manage the youth volunteer activities at central to district level Thereby, authority and responsibilities of the State management agencies on Vietnamese youth volunteer activities were initially determined Third, the officers and civil servants with expertise and skills in State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities are initially developed and attended the professional training courses to gradually improve their qualifications Forth, more attentions has been paid to propagandize policies and laws on youth volunteer activities than before and mobilize many information and media agencies to join the voluntary activities, especially active participation of the Youth Union and the youth organizations at all levels Fifth, resources and ways to mobilize resources for youth volunteer activities have been identified, in which the most important is the socialized resource mobilized from the community and the society 3.3.2 Limitations, weaknesses and causes 3.3.2.1 Limitations and weakness First, the State is slow to institutionalize and implement the Party’s guidelines resolutions on youth affairs; regulations and policies for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities are excluded in the Youth Law Other documents regulating Vietnamese youth volunteer activities have relatively low validity Second, the organizational system and officers and civil servants in charge of state management on youth and youth volunteer activities from the central level to grassroots have been consolidated slowly, unstable and ineffective The and civil servants in charge of state management are lacked in quantity and limited in experiences in organization and management and untrained professionally Third, awareness of position and roles of the youth volunteer activities in the cause of the national construction and protection at many levels is limited, so there are no necessary concerns about and supports in the country’s development and implementation Vietnamese volunteer programs and projects Fourth, attentions have not been paid to coordinate the volunteer activities, synthesize information, set up database, seek resources to improve voluntary efficiency in Vietnam and the organization in charge of this issue has not been established Fifth, it is difficult to allocate the state budget to implement the volunteer policies, so the national and local voluntary programs and projects have not been designed and deployed 16 Sixth, a number of provisions of the laws and policies for young volunteers have been enacted, but implementation organization is not concerned and lowly effective due to lack of necessary and sufficient conditions for implementation and application (such as awareness, mechanism, human resources and facilities ) Seventh, professionalism in organizing Vietnamese youth volunteer activities is still limited Some volunteering areas are still formalistic The youth are generally enthusiastic about volunteering, but their abilities, skills and experience are limited or unsuitable for the job; therefore, quality and effectiveness of Vietnamese youth volunteer activities are not high Eighth, instructions, supervision and inspection in enforcing the laws and policies on Vietnamese youth volunteer activities have not been regular, continuous and lacked of consistent direction Ninth, in addition to active contributions to the community and the society, the youth volunteer activities still has a gap, sometimes used to polish their name, or be used to appropriate financial resources, act in the capacity of volunteering to deceive and call on social communities for illegal sponsoring and support 3.3.2.2 Cause of the shortcomings and limitations Objective reasons: First, in the country reforms, the researches on state management in the social field is still inadequate, especially State management for youth voluntary activities still has gaps The personnel’s qualifications and experience in managing the charitable activities and the voluntary activities have many restrictions for State management agencies Second, a number of the provisions of the law on youth volunteer activities are undetailed and inconsistent with the reality and not in pace with the youth development; some policies are still political while the state budget still has many difficulties Third, the volunteering areas are usually the remote areas, the areas with socio-economic difficulties, the areas with ethnic minorities and the area unfavorable for voluntary organizations to recruit and attract the volunteers, especially young intellectual volunteers Fourth, the volunteer activities are got unfair advantages to induce the youth and expand their reputations (especially through religious clubs, teams and groups …) for political purposes and cause difficulties in State management for youth voluntary activities Subjective causes First, the Party committees, local authorities, ministries and central agencies have not properly concerned about leadership and direction for youth affairs and youth voluntary activities; integration of the voluntary activities with the objectives of the socio-economic development programs and plans in the sectors and localities has not been effective Second, the agencies have not regularly and closely coordinated in organization and management of youth volunteer activities; many agencies and units have still "left the whole work” to Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, so 17 management and coordination of voluntary activities have not met the set requirements Third, communication and dissemination of the policies and laws on voluntary activities are generally ineffective, especially lack of the documents to propagate and diffuse policies and laws on youth and youth volunteer activities in the ethnic minorities areas and the remote areas Fourth, mechanisms for monitoring and criticizing the policies on voluntary activities are not effective and have not positively brought into play roles and participation of the social organizations Summarizing, checking and evaluating implementation of the policies and laws on Vietnamese youth volunteer activities have been regularly concerned CONCLUSIONS OF CHAPTER Through studying actual status of the voluntary activities and results of the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities, the voluntary activities in Vietnam are rich and diverse and organized and implemented by many social entities; in which Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union and youth organizations have a very important role; then the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities not only is the task of state agencies but also requires active participation of the people’s organizations, especially Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union To promote effectiveness of Vietnamese youth volunteer activities, the State has promulgated a number of policies and laws on voluntary activities In general, the policies have been effectively deployed, particularly voluntary programs and projects and created a newer and more practical way for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities On the basis of the State’s regulations and the positive results of voluntary programs and projects, the social resources have initially been mobilized to support the voluntary activities, bring into play the active role of the youth to participate in socio-economic development and create an environment for the youth to practice, devote and mature However, the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities still has difficulties and shortcomings, such as non-synchronous system of policies and laws on voluntary activities, ineffective implementation of the policies; incomplete organization of the State management apparatus on voluntary activities; no agencies to coordinate the voluntary activities ; and no specific mechanisms and policies to mobilize many social resources for youth volunteer activities and potentials and strengths of the youth in socio-economic development having not been promoted Therefore, it is necessary to soon promote the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities CHAPTER METHODS AND SOLUTIONS ON IMPROVING STATE MANAGEMENT FOR VIETNAMESE YOUTH VOLUNTEER ACTIVITIES 4.1 Methods of improving the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities 18 4.1.1 Background of improving the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities First, strong development of information technology, communication and Internet has allowed more volunteers to participate in voluntary activities for the first time More young people will participate in volunteer activities with rich and diversified voluntary forms, not be limited by frequency of participation, not depend on space and time and be very flexible and proactive Upon participation in voluntary activities, they have realized their values, including knowledge, skills and social connections, for the benefit of themselves, their family and the community Second, in the coming years, the economy of Vietnam will continue to be recovered and grown; international integration will be widespread and practical; science and technology have drastically developed The State’s policies and laws on youth will continue to be developed, supplemented and organized more effectively and give opportunities for the young people to develop their potentials, make contributions and mature Third, implementation of the independent, autonomous and diversified foreign relations policies, multilateralization of international relations, proactive international integration and international youth exchanges and cooperation will be expanded and attracted more young people in all over the world to volunteer in Vietnam and Vietnamese youth will have more opportunities to participate in international voluntary activities and on such basis, to learn lessons for voluntary activities in Vietnam Fourth, to achieve the Global Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) for 2015 - 2030, with experiences in successfully implementing the MDGs in the previous period, one of the important and effective solutions is to promote the active role of youth volunteer in poverty elimination, environmental protection, response to climate change, prevention and control of natural disasters and epidemics; community health care; social security; and sustainable development 4.1.2 Viewpoint of improving the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities - To ensure compliance with the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam on youth affairs - To promote the role and position of youth organizations led by the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union as a core in voluntary activities - To ensure compliance with international integration and adapt to the conditions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution 4.1.3 Objectives of improving the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities Strategic objectives: - To contribute to creating a unified, synchronous, transparent, feasible, accessible, effective and effective legal framework - To make an important contribution to effective social management in the context of socialist-oriented market economic development in Vietnam - To promote Vietnamese youth volunteer activities towards professional 19 development - To overcome shortcomings and limitations of the voluntary activities in recent years Specific objectives - To continue to research, build and promulgate legal regulations on Vietnamese youth volunteer activities in order to create favorable conditions for the entities to organize voluntary activities and voluntarily observe; introduce sanctions to settle or coercively settle violations of the voluntary activities under the laws - To reinforce the state management apparatus for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities, focusing on agreement that the Ministry of Home Affairs is the advisory body for the Government on the State management for youth voluntary activities; and establish a volunteer coordination agency in the central government and in some key localities for voluntary activities - To study, develop and promulgate the specific national strategies, programs and projects on voluntary activities and integrate other policies of the State to obtain the country’s general development goals 4.2 Solutions on improving State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities 4.2.1 Develop and complete policies and laws on voluntary activities From the practical requirements of Vietnam, it is necessary to soon improve the system of legal documents on voluntary activities and develop the Law on Volunteers On that basis, the State promulgated policies for youth volunteers and focused on the following contents: (i) Setting up information channels for the youth to access and participate in voluntary activities; establishing a volunteer coordination agency; (ii) Develop programs and projects to assign the young volunteers to work in regions with extremely difficult socio-economic conditions, in the frontiers and the islands; and (iii) Encourage organizations and individuals to support the young people to volunteer for the benefit of the community and the society The specific policies are as follows: First, to issue a number of policies for youth volunteers in the voluntary activities; Second, to issue a number of policies for young volunteers after completing the voluntary activities; Third, to issue a number of policies for agencies and units that organizes the voluntary activities for the community and the society: Fourth, to design national strategies on volunteering, including youth volunteer programs and projects; to give priority to deploy them in the regions with extreme socio-economic difficulties, the frontiers, the islands and the ethnic minority areas Fifth, to expand and strengthen international cooperation in developing and implementing the policies on voluntary activities; learn lessons from implementing the voluntary policies in Vietnam and in some countries in the region and the world in order to supplement and perfect the system of policies and laws on voluntary activities in Vietnam 20 4.2.2 Strengthen organization of the state management apparatus for youth volunteer activities In response to the requirement to streamline and effectively operate the State management apparatus in accordance with Resolution No.18-NQ/TW of the 12th Party Central Committee, a new State management apparatus for voluntary activities will not be established, but the existing State management apparatus for voluntary activities will be consolidated, strengthened and improved The Ministry of Home Affairs will undertake the State management for youth volunteer activities At the central level, the Youth Volunteer Coordination Center will be established to strength management and coordination, improve efficiency, meet voluntary demands and organize voluntary activities of the social entities The dissertation has analyzed and clarified roles, functions and duties of the State management agencies for youth voluntary activities such as the Government, the Ministry of Home Affairs, ministries, ministerial-level agencies, People's Councils and People's Committee at provincial level - Actual status of the officers and civil servants in charge of the State management of youth at the provincial and district level is an issue that needs to be studied and resolved The Youth Affairs Divisions under the Departments of Home Affairs of the provinces and cities directly under the central government in accordance with Circular No.15/2014/TT-BNV dated 31/10/2014 of the Ministry of Home Affairs has been merged for over years, it is required to evaluate and clarify efficiency of the state management after the divisions are merged On that basis, a suitable model for state management for youth affairs and youth volunteer activities at the provincial and district level is continuously studied and applied to downsize the staffing in the State administrative agencies, and ensure quality and efficiency of the state management for youth volunteer activities - Establishment of the National Steering Committee for Youth Volunteers at the central level is according to Decision No.34/2007/QD-TTg dated 12/03/ 2007 of the Prime Minister on establishment and activities of the interdisciplinary coordination organization; The National Steering Committee has no independent office and no full-time staff, but uses the apparatus and staff holding several official positions The Steering Committee Office is located at the headquarters of the Ministry of Home Affairs and mainly uses the civil servants of the Department of Youth Affairs under the Ministry of Home Affairs who holds more than one office - For establishment of the Youth Volunteer Coordination Centers at the provincial level, in the immediate future, it should be established in the key provinces of voluntary activities to create favorable conditions to attract more volunteers and resources and deploy voluntary activities The Youth Volunteer Coordination Center is an interdisciplinary coordination organization established and operating in accordance with the regulations on establishment, organization and operation of the interdisciplinary coordination organization introduced by the Chairperson of the provincial People’s Committee; it has no independent office and no full-time staff but uses the apparatus and staff holding several official positions The Center has similar functions, duties and operation mechanism to the National Steering Committee for Youth Volunteers 21 - As to voluntary coordination mechanism of the National Steering Committee for Youth Volunteers and the Youth Volunteer Coordination Center, the local authorities and voluntary organizations are responsible for synthesizing and providing information on voluntary needs, volunteering areas, list of volunteers for the Steering Committee for general coordination Accordingly, the voluntary organizations must be registered with the competent authority; and the state management agencies on voluntary activities will regularly synthesize the situation related to youth volunteer activities and report to the National Steering Committee, including voluntary programs and plans to ensure voluntary activities towards socio-economic development goals The National Steering Committee will coordinate national and international youth volunteer activities The Provincial Volunteer Coordination Center will coordinates voluntary activities in the locality or coordinate voluntary activities in a region/ an area of two or more provinces and cities directly under the central government when assigned by the National Steering Committee 4.2.3 Build officers and civil servants in charge of State management for voluntary activities; establish the voluntary organizations and improve quality of the volunteers One of the indispensable conditions for the successful implementation of policies and laws on youth volunteer activities is to develop human resources, including officers and civil servants in charge of the State management for voluntary activities and establish a voluntary organization that directly manages volunteers when participating in voluntary activities In particular, it is necessary to set up the strategy for development of human resources for the state management of youth in general and youth volunteer activities in particular, and specify the standards for recruitment, training, retraining and using the officers and civil servants in conformity with the specific characteristics of voluntary activities; regulations on establishment of Volunteer Organizations and standards of youth volunteers To implement the above contents, specific solutions are as follows: First, to integrate contents of the strategies and plans of development of human resources for state management of youth affairs and youth volunteer activities in Vietnam Human Resources Development Strategy for the period 2020 2030; at the same time, in the plan on social work vocational training under Scheme No.32 of the Government; Second, to build standards for managers, including the criteria for recruiting officers and civil servants for State management for voluntary activities, in addition to some specific standards; Third, to establish the voluntary organizations: - To issue regulations on authority, procedures and sequences of establishment and operation license for the Volunteer Organizations (Formal voluntary organizations and informal voluntary organizations) The voluntary activities under the programs and projects chaired by the state agency are not required for registration for establishment the voluntary organizations In case the individuals will, upon implementing a program/ project on voluntary activities, ensure regulations on standards for volunteers and similar regulations to the informal 22 voluntary organizations Fourth, to improve the quality of the volunteers: To improve the quality of young volunteers, it is necessary to: - Regulate volunteer criteria as the basis for selection: such as good health, volunteer spirit, honesty, no fear of hardship; knowledge and experience in voluntary activities; and one or more skills good for voluntary activities - Provide necessary support services for volunteers, and evaluate the quality of youth volunteer activities through evaluation criteria 4.2.4 Strengthen mobilization of resources for voluntary activities Along with support of the state budget, mobilization of social resources to implement voluntary activities is very necessary Solutions to mobilize the resources for voluntary activities are as follows: - The resources are mobilized from the state budget through voluntary programs and projects The State agencies and the socio-political organizations need to regularly study and propose voluntary programs and projects in conformity with each stage of development and the regions and areas to submit to all the authorities for review and approval - The resources are mobilized from private voluntary programs and projects, the social funds and the charity funds There should be regulations on voluntary organizations entitled to receive donations and grants from other organizations and individuals; regulations on fundraising activities; regulations on activities to link the domestic and foreign voluntary organizations applying preferential forms of the visas to the domestic and international volunteers; exemption of taxes and import fees for foreign equipment and goods to serve for voluntary activities in Vietnam - The resources are mobilized through the establishment of the voluntary fund (or non-profit fund) The Fund includes contributions in cash or in kind of domestic and foreign organizations and individuals for the purpose of the Fund and the laws on storage and increase in the Fund's assets - The resources are mobilized from the rich and the famous people A new feature of voluntary activities in Vietnam is that active participation of the rich and the famous people has made the charitable activities in general and the voluntary activities in particular more plentiful and effective In addition, the private enterprises tend to organize themselves for their employees to join the voluntary activities or have cooperation with the socio-political organizations or NGOs in Vietnam in organizing voluntary programs and projects and helping increase resources for the charitable activities in Vietnam In fact, in Vietnam today, if the sponsoring resources of the enterprises, the entrepreneurs, the rich and the famous people are promoted through youth voluntary activities, it will enhance their efficiency and sustainability, save resources and bring more benefits for sustainable development of the community and the society 4.2.5 Raise awareness of policies and laws on youth volunteer activities for officers, civil servants and people - To design an official website on youth volunteer activities managed by the Ministry of Home Affairs, including data related to policies and laws on volunteer 23 activities; and design own websites managed by the Department of Home Affairs for the provinces and cities directly under the Central Government - To strengthen propaganda on youth volunteer policies and activities through the Website on voluntary activities, promote the role of the social networks (Facebook, Zalo and Viber ); acknowledge and encourage the typical examples in voluntary activities and recognize comments, assessments and reflections of the people related to youth volunteer activities - To reinforce coordination and interaction between the state management agencies on youth volunteer activities with the press agencies, the media and the people’s organizations, especially Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union - To promote propaganda on the mass media in the communes, wards, schools and enterprises ; use propaganda mobile vehicles when implementing the voluntary schemes, projects and programs - To invest in facilities, training courses on capacity building for staff in charge of information and propaganda activities on youth volunteer activities 4.2.6 Organize implementation of policies, laws, strategies, programs and plans on youth volunteer activities Organizing implementation of policies, laws, strategies, programs and plans (collectively referred to as policies and laws) on youth volunteer activities is the stage of realizing public policy objectives Specifically, the following solutions should be implemented: - To have mechanisms to encourage the participation of many agencies in the system of the law enforcement agencies - To have determination of implementing the policies on voluntary activities when such policies bring great benefits to the community; to promote propaganda and mobilize the people to reach consensus for deployment and implementation - To focus on training and improving capacity and ethics for officers and civil servants who implement policies and laws on voluntary activities; to arrange the officers who are dedicated, responsible, experienced in State management of voluntary activities to work in the (provincial) Department of Home Affairs and the (district) Division of Home Affairs - To stipulate criteria for recruitment on state management for civil servants on young people who need practical skills and experience to attract and create conditions for volunteer pioneers and volunteer pioneers completed their tasks to have opportunities to work in state agencies and socio-political organizations - To regularly inspect, supervise and collect people's opinions on implementation of policies and laws on voluntary activities at the local and grassroots; regulate rewards and sanctions for officers and civil servants in implementing policies and laws on youth volunteer activities 4.2.7 Improve inspection, examination and settlement of complaints and denunciations about implementation of policies and laws on youth volunteer activities - To promulgate legal regulations on inspection, examination and supervision of youth volunteer activities; pay attention to checking and supervising the use of financial resources mobilized from the community, aid and support from 24 international organizations for voluntary activities - Increase the number and improve skills of civil servants working in inspecting and examining the state management of youth and youth volunteer activities sunder the Ministry of Home Affairs, relevant ministries and agencies and localities (Department of Home Affairs) - Promote coordination mechanism between the ministries, central agencies and local governments; ensure consistency and efficiency in the process of examining and supervising implementation of policies and laws towards youth Timely detect inadequacies of the system of policies and laws to propose the competent authorities to amend, supplement and complete - To promote the role of National Assembly delegates and the People's Councils delegates at all levels and the socio-political unions in monitoring implementation of policies and laws on natural resources and youth; receive petitions, forward them to competent agencies to handle and supervise the resolution of complaints, denunciations and petitions of the agencies, organizations and individuals related to youth and youth volunteer activities - Annually, the state management agency on youth will develop a plan on inspecting and examining implementation of policies and laws on youth volunteer activities with consistent guidance from the central to local levels To promulgate regulations on responsibilities of agencies and units subject to inspection, examination and supervision by the competent agencies CONCLUSIONS OF CHAPTER Through studying the voluntary activities in Vietnam in the context of rapidly developing science and technology in the world, with the achievements of widespread reforms and international integration trends, all have profound impacts on the youth and their spirit and attitudes towards voluntary activities On the other hand, over the past time, Vietnamese youth volunteer activities with active participation of the private businesses, non-governmental organizations, the rich, famous people, and religious organizations will make the voluntary activities in general and the youth volunteer activities in particular increasingly plentiful and diversified on a larger scale Since then, it is required to strengthen the state management so that the youth volunteer activities have developed property for correct purpose and further contributed to the country’s common development Chapter of the dissertation has given methods and proposed 07 groups of solutions to improve the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities; on that basis, arouse and strongly promote the youth’s voluntary spirit and mobilize many social resources to make contributions to the national construction and development CONCLUSION The dissertation has focused on the theoretical and practical issues of the State management for youth voluntary activities in the past 20 years With the primary and secondary data system on f implementation of the policies and laws on volunteering, researches and assessments from practices and experiences of experts and managers, the dissertation has given methods and solutions to improve the State 25 management for Vietnamese volunteer activities Some of the key contents that the dissertation has studied and achieved are as follows: First, on the scientific basis of the public administration, the dissertation has systemized and synthesized domestic and foreign researches directly related to the State management on the youth and management for youth volunteer activities, and then given an overview of the theoretical and practical issues for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities These are the scientific bases for discovery, inheritance and development of relevant contents in the process of implementing the dissertation Second, the theoretical issues of the State management for youth voluntary activities and experiences in management of the voluntary activities in some countries have been basically studied and systemized Concepts, tools and issues as a basic and central theoretical tool of the theoretical framework on the State management for youth voluntary activities are the scientific bases for studying and evaluating actual state of the State management for youth voluntary activities Third, it can be affirmed that the policies and laws on youth volunteer activities promulgated in recent years have been deployed and obtained initial efficiencies; however, it is required to promptly settle limitations and shortcomings to contribute to building a law-based state in Vietnam Forth, to strengthen the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities, the dissertation has proposed 07 groups of solutions; in which solutions on building and promoting the system of policies and laws on voluntary activities; consolidating an apparatus of officers and civil servants in the State management for youth voluntary activities and establishing the coordination unit on voluntary activities as basic and important solutions; reinforcing management and development of the voluntary organizations to improve efficiency and effectiveness in the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities and push up the country’s industrialization and modernization Fifth, the State management for youth affairs and youth volunteer activities is a long and consistent work and requires further strengthening the youth affairs and the State management by the Party’s leaders, in which it is required to intensify synchronous and close coordination of the ministries, departments, agencies and socio-political unions at central and local level in implementing the policies and laws on the youth and Vietnamese youth volunteer activities Sixth, the dissertation's research results are the reference for state agencies in the State management for the youth and youth volunteer activities; and the basis for proposing introduction of the policies and laws to accelerate Vietnamese youth volunteer activities and contribute to improving efficiency and effectiveness of the apparatus of officers and civil servants in state management for the youth in general and State management for youth voluntary activities in particular Through the above content, the PhD student has completed the research objectives set in the dissertation as well as answered and clarified the contents of the questions in the introduction of the dissertation./ 26 LIST OF THE AUTHOR’S WORKS An Dinh Doanh, Vu Van Tam (1998), Youth movement – Theories and Solutions, Ministrial-level research topic An Dinh Doanh (2000), Building youth fishery village model, Ministrial-level research topic An Dinh Doanh (2002), Youth’s revolutionary act movement, actual status and development orientation, Ministrial-level research topic An Dinh Doanh (2005), Building scientific and technological transfer model in the rural youth, Ministrial-level research topic An Dinh Doanh (2007), Study on buildng and organizing “Four new things” movement in the rural youth, Ministrial-level research topic An Dinh Doanh (2008), Building youth solidary model – A highlight of Central Highlands villages, Ministrial-level research topic An Dinh Doanh (2010), Youth voluntary pioneer – A bright symbol of Vietnamese youth, Youth Magazine, Issue No 20/2010 An Dinh Doanh (2009), State management for economic activities of Vietnmese youth pioneer forces, Public Administration Master Thesis – National Academy of Public Administration An Dinh Doanh (2010), Solutions to push up youth voluneer movement, Youth Magazine, Issue No 24/2010 10 An Dinh Doanh (2010), Strengthening state management for voluntary activities in Vietnam, State Management Magazine, Issue No.175/2010 11 An Dinh Doanh (2017), Solutions to improve efficency and effectiveness of the State management for voluntary activities in Vietnam, State Management Magazine, Issue No.261/2017 12 An Dinh Doanh (2017), Solutions to improve efficency of voluntary activities in Vietnam, Youth Magazine, Issue No 36/2017 27 ... development of the society 2.1.4.2 State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities - Concept of State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities is the use of state power... bases of the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities? - Which contents of the State management for voluntary activities? Which factors affect the State management for Vietnamese. .. VOLUNTEER ACTIVITIES 4.1 Methods of improving the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities 18 4.1.1 Background of improving the State management for Vietnamese youth volunteer activities