Summary of Doctoral dissertation of public Management: State management for agricultural economy in the northern coastal region in the direction of industrialization and modernization

The dissertation aims to develop a theoretical framework for state management for agricultural economy, which is the basis for analyzing and evaluating the status of state management for the agricultural economy of a territory. Based on that, the final research purpose of the dissertation is to improve the state management of agricultural economy in the Northern Coastal Region in the direction of industrialization and modernization.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PHAM NGOC QUYNH STATE MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY IN THE NORTHERN COASTAL REGION IN THE DIRECTION OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION Major: Public Management Code: 9.34.04.03 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT Works completed in NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Scientific Supervisors: Prof Dr Dinh Van Tien Assoc Prof Dr Trang Thi Tuyet Opponent 1: ………………………………………………… Opponent 2: ……………………………………………………… Opponent 3: ………………………………………………… The dissertation shall be defended in front of Academy-level Review Council Location: Conference room, National Academy of Public Administration No 77 – Nguyen Chi Thanh – Dong Da District, Hanoi City Time: At………….on……day…….month………… year For more information of the dissertation, please learn about in - The Library of National Academy of Public Administration - The National Library of Vietnam PREFACE Reasons for selecting the topic The Northern Coastal Region is an important economic region of Vietnam, located along the Gulf of Tonkin The Northern Coastal Region includes Northern coastal provinces: Quang Ninh, Hai Phong, Thai Binh and Ninh Binh According to Decision No 865/QD-TTg issued in 2008 by the Prime Minister of Vietnam, The Nothern Coastal Region is oriented to become a nationally and internationally important economic region The Northern Coastal Region has a great potential for agricultural economic development, with the location of the center of the Red River Delta, the Northern granary, with the potential for aquatic and tropical climates that create favorable conditions for cultivation and breeding Not out of the general situation of the whole country, the agricultural economy in the North Coastal Region currently has many limitations Not many technological advances, especially technical advances in production and processing of agricultural products have been applied to produce, so productivity and quality of cultivation, breeding and aquaculture are low The agricultural product processing industry is still underdeveloped Obviously, agricultural industrialization - modernization is the only way to increase the added value of agricultural products, while other incentives for development such as land and labor are limited Important solutions for agricultural development in the region is to promote scientific and technological research in agriculture; To actively transfer technology, training and vocational training to farmers in order to develop human resources and apply science and technology effectively These limitations and shortcomings have many causes, both objective and subjective, but the most basic cause is the state management of the authority at all levels, especially the provincial authority for agricultural economy remains many limitations and inadequacies both in theoretical awareness as well as direction of implementation For the above analysis reasons, it is necessary to study to further improve the state management of agricultural economy combined with the process of industrialization and modernization of agricultural sector Therefore, the author has selected the direction of researching "State management for agricultural economy in the Northern Coastal Region in the direction of industrialization and modernization" as the subject of the Doctorial dissertation, with the desire to make actual contribution to the innovation process of state management for agricultural economy in the Northern Coastal Region, including Hai Phong city - the author's fatherland Purposes and tasks of the study 2.1 Purposes of study The dissertation aims to develop a theoretical framework for state management for agricultural economy, which is the basis for analyzing and evaluating the status of state management for the agricultural economy of a territory Based on that, the final research purpose of the dissertation is to improve the state management of agricultural economy in the Northern Coastal Region in the direction of industrialization and modernization 2.2 Tasks of the study - Achieving the research purpose presented above, the dissertation sets out the following main research tasks: - Supplementing and improving the theoretical basis for state management of agricultural economy in the period of industrialization and modernization - Researching experiences of state management for agricultural economy in some regions of the whole country and in other countries in the world and draw lessons that may be applied to the North Coastal Region - Analyzing and evaluating the current status of state management for agricultural economy in the provinces of the Northern Coastal Region, point out remaining constraints in state management and identify objective and subjective causes of such restrictions - Proposing orientations and measures to improve state management of agricultural economy with practical value in order to promote the agricultural economy development in the direction of industrialization and modernization in the Northern Coastal provinces Objects and scope of the study 3.1 Objects of the study: The research object of the dissertation is the state management of agricultural economy in the scope of a territory, associated with the process of agricultural industrialization and modernization 3.2 Scope of the study: 3.2.1 Scope of content: Firstly, the dissertation studies and assess the status of the state management according to the contents of the management process including: organizing the apparatus; building the legal system; formulating and organizing the implementation of planning and plans; issuing policies; inspecting and supervising Secondly, the agricultural economy studied in this dissertation includes: cultivation, breeding and aquaculture The dissertation does not study forestry subsector This is because forestry is not the strength of the localities in the Northern Coastal Region, except for Quang Ninh province; However, Quang Ninh's forestry is not significant in comparison to other regions in the country Thirdly, the subjects of state management mentioned in the dissertation include the central government and the local government, in which focusing on the provincial government Fourthly, in reality, there is no regional management apparatus in the Northern Coastal Region Therefore, during the implementation of studying the dissertation, the author collects data and documents of each locality, then synthesizes and gives general assessments for the whole region 3.2.2 Scope of space: The research space of the dissertation is the Northern Coastal Region, covering the whole administrative boundaries of provinces: Hai Phong, Quang Ninh, Thai Binh, Nam Dinh and Ninh Binh 3.2.3 Scope of time: The dissertation collects data and analyzes the research materials from 2008 to 2015 The author selects the timeline starting in 2008 because this is the time to mark the formation of the Northern Coastal Economic Region after the Government issued Decision 865/QD-TTg dated 10/7/2008 approving the planning for construction of the Northern Coastal Region up to 2025 with a vision to 2050 Methodology and research method + Primary and secondary data analysis and statistics method; + Comparison and synthesis method + Expert method: + Other technical methods: Processing of collected data by some statistical tools, Word, Excel program in Microsoft Office software Expected new contributions of the dissertation - The dissertation has developed and improved the relatively complete theoretical framework on state management for agricultural economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization, including: definition, necessity, function and content of state management for agricultural economy - The dissertation identifies two groups of objective and subjective factors that influence and decide the effectiveness of state management for agricultural economy in general and in the provinces and cities in the Northern Coastal Region in particular - The dissertation has analyzed and assessed the status of state management for agricultural economy in the Northern Coastal Region according to the contents of the state management Since then, the dissertation has pointed out the limitations and weaknesses in state management for agricultural economy; identified the causes leading to remaining constraints in state management which have hindered the development of agricultural economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization in the North Coast Region - The dissertation has proposed a system of feasible solutions for state management to promote the development of agricultural economy in the localities in the Northern Coastal Region in the direction of industrialization and modernization Structure of the dissertation Apart from the preface, conclusion, reference materials and appendices, the dissertation has four chapters as follows: Chapter 1: Overview of researches related to the dissertation topic Chapter 2: Scientific foundation of state management for agricultural economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization Chapter 3: Current status of state management for agricultural economy in the Northern Coastal Region Chapter 4: Orientations and solutions to improve state management for agricultural economy in the Northern Coastal Region in the direction of industrialization and modernization CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION RELATED TO THE DISSERTATION TOPIC 1.1 SUMMARY OF SOME PUBLISHED RESEARCHES RELATED TO STATE MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY IN THE DIRECTION OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION Agricultural economy and state management for agricultural economy is not a new topic; This content has been selected by scholars, researchers and graduate students as a relatively common research topic This is because agriculture has played a key role in economic development in our country, even in the period of industrialization and modernization of the country and international economic integration During the study of this dissertation, the author has collected nearly 100 documents related to the dissertation, including both domestic and foreign documents in various forms: magazine articles, scientific research topics, projects, state management documents, master theses, doctoral theses, textbooks, reference books and monographs These materials focus on the following three main research areas: Firstly, research on agricultural economy and agricultural economic development includes sub-sectors of cultivation, breeding and aquaculture , agricultural economic restructuring Secondly, research on agricultural industrialization and modernization in the direction of sustainability Thirdly, research on state management of agricultural economy is carried out according to the contents of management such as developmental policies, planning and developmental plans, inspection and supervision for official in charge of agricultural management 1.2 ISSUES NOT YET STUDIED IN THE PUBLISHED WORKS AND MAJOR RESEARCH DIRECTION OF THE DISSERTATION As a result, domestic and foreign documents related to state management of state management for agricultural economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization, which the author has collected, shows that most of the researches have mentioned for many contents about agricultural economy development, or the state management for agricultural economy in both theoretical and practical aspects; In which, the author has proposed orientations for agricultural economy development in the direction of industrialization and modernization in some provinces, cities and some economic regions of Vietnam It can be said that this is a system of a valuable scientific works with actual reference meaning in the research process of the author However, this rich documentation system remains defective and different from the author's dissertation: (1) No comprehensive theoretical framework on state management for agricultural economy has been developed in the direction of industrialization and modernization Most studies refer to only one or more aspects of state management such as policies, development strategies or monitoring systems (2) There have been some works on state management for agricultural economy, but they have been studied for a long time as Vietnam has not actively participated in the process of international economic integration as well as there are no many uncertain factors affecting the current agricultural production For example, the issue of climate change, the impact of the economic downturn, and change in food demand of consumer (3) Most of the research studies cover the scope of research in the whole country or the Red River Delta, the Mekong Delta, the Northern Midland and Mountainous Region or within a province such as Da Nang, Hanoi, Thua Thien Hue, Can Tho (4) Recently, many new guidelines and policies of the Party and the State which have been promulgated (such as the project on restructuring the agricultural sector, agricultural and rural development strategy up to 2020 ) have a great importance to agricultural development and state management for agricultural economy, that make the further research become necessity (5) At present, there is not any research project or work on state management for agricultural economy focusing on the Northern Coastal Region in the direction of industrialization and modernization Although there are some agricultural research papers in the Red River Delta, there are two regions interfered by the four provinces of Hai Phong, Thai Binh, Nam Dinh and Ninh Binh Particularly, Quang Ninh province is located in the North Coast Region, but not in the Red River Delta Based on those determinations, the author has bravely selected the topic of "State management for agricultural economy in the Northern Coastal Region in the direction of industrialization and modernization" CHAPTER SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATION OF STATE MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICUTURAL ECONOMY IN THE DIRECTION OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION 2.1 OVERVIEW ABOUT AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY IN DIRECTION OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION THE 2.1.1 Definition of agricultural economy To go to the definition of agricultural economy, the dissertation studies and learns about the definition of agriculture and the definition of economy From this dissertation, the dissertation presents the definition of agricultural economy as follows: Agricultural economy includes economic activities in agricultural production such as output, price, value-added, productivity, income, distribution, exchange in agricultural sector such as breeding, cultivation, aquaculture… The research scope of this dissertation focuses on the economic aspects of agriculture, not mentions the production methods or techniques and methods of cultivation and breeding, such as seed, fertilizer, cultivation and breeding methods… 2.1.2 The role of agricultural economy for economic growth and development In the national economy, the role of the agricultural sector is very important Firstly, creating a consumption market for agricultural production Secondly, creating jobs for rural workers, reducing the unemployment rate in this region Thirdly, creating consumption markets for the service industry Fourthly, through the export of agricultural products, bringing a large source of foreign currency income for the country 2.1.3 Factors affect agricultural economy 2.1.3.1 Natural conditions affecting agricultural production: (1) Land; (2) Climate; (3) Water resource 2.1.3.2 Eco-social conditions: (1) Labor resource; (2) Infrastructure, investment capital for agriculture; (3) Policies 2.1.3.3 Group of factors related to technical science 2.1.4 Definition of agricultural industrialization and modernization Agricultural industrialization and modernization is the process of building material and technical bases and restructuring the agricultural economy in the direction of large and modern commodity production, linking agriculture with industry and services, permitting highly effective promotion of all resources and advantages of a tropical agriculture, expanding domestic and international exchanges in order to increase social labor productivity in agriculture, building newly prosperous, equal, democratic and civilized rural regions 2.1.5 Characteristics of agricultural economy development in the direction of industrialization and modernization The basic characteristics of an agriculture developed in the direction of industrialization and modernization include: - Developing diversified commodity agriculture, building specialized production regions on a large scale and step by step modernizing to meet the requirements of the domestic and export market - Developing production and life services in rural regions such as agricultural hydraulic services, veterinary services, plant protection services, materials supply and consumption services - Promoting the modernization of agriculture, including irrigation, mechanization, automation, computerization, chemistry in the agricultural, forestry and fishery sector - Appreciating the application of biochemical science and technology advances in agriculture - Conducting simultaneously and step by step implementing industrialization and modernization, it is necessary to gradually shift the structure of agriculture - Prioritizing investment in agricultural production and rural and mountainous economic development - Strengthening the level of agricultural science and technology and the qualification of rural citizens, especially the agricultural labor force 2.2 THEORY OF STATE MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY IN THE DIRECTION OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION 2.2.1 Definition of state management for agricultural economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization 2.2.1.1 Definition of management and state management 2.2.1.2 Definition of state management for agricultural economy State management for agricultural economy is a macro management of the State for agriculture through the planning tools, laws and policies to create favorable conditions and premises as well as favorable environment for agricultural production and trading towards the common goal of the whole agriculture; regulating the benefits among regions, sectors, between agriculture and the whole economy; Taking control of all activities in agriculture and rural economy 2.2.1.3 Definition of state management for agricultural economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization So far, there is no uniform definition of "state management of agricultural economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization" In the resolutions of the Party, the Decision of the Government only agrees on the terminology of agricultural industrialization and modernization The definition of state management in agriculture in the direction of industrialization and modernization was firstly mentioned by Dr Nguyen Huu De (2008) in his doctoral dissertation According to the author, state management of agricultural economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization is the impact of the state to promote agricultural development in the direction of industrialization and modernization Derived from the theories on the role of the State for the economy, derived from the reality of characteristics and role of agricultural economy for economic growth and development, the author of the dissertation sets out the definition of state management for agricultural economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization is as follows: State management for industrial economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization is an impact which is organized and adjusted continuously by the 10 management of agriculture at the macro level Through the state management apparatus for agricultural economy, the State plays the role of controlling the agriculture to be developed effectively, stably with social equality Each country has a different way of referring to the Ministry of Agriculture, but the Ministry in charge of Agriculture in all countries is responsible for the development and implementation of agricultural policies, and is responsible for implementing the state management functions for the forestry and aquaculture and rural development of the country At the central level: the management agency agrees that agriculture sector is the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development At the local level, agency in charge of managing agricultural sector of Departments of Agriculture and Rural Development, located at provinces and cities Departments of Agriculture and Rural Development operate as local branches of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, in combination with respective provincial People’s Committees 2.2.4.2 Building and implementing the legal system of rural development in the direction of industrialization and modernization Legislation exists as a management tool for agriculture and rural regions and plays an important role in the following aspects: Firstly, establishing the legal basis, protecting and supporting the formation and development of market mechanisms in agricultural economy Legislation acts as a factor to create, support and protect the formation and development of economic relations in the direction of industrialization and modernization Secondly, establishing order and healthy business environment for agricultural activities Thirdly, protecting the legitimate interests of economic objects involved in economic relations in rural agriculture 2.2.4.3 Building and organizing the implementation of planning, plan, program and project of agricultural economy development in the direction of industrialization and modernization In order to manage economic activities, the managers of all levels must use the planning tools With regard to nature, planning is the manager’s decisions about the goals, measures, and material guarantees needed to implement goals in a given period Planning is a orienting tool for the economic activities of units, localities, or the whole rural agriculture 2.2.4.4 Issuing and implementing policies on regulating and promoting the agricultural economy development in the direction of industrialization and modernization 12 In order to achieve the development goals outlined in the agricultural development strategies, plans and projects, the State uses a system of economic policies as a tool to influence the mobilization mechanism of agriculture Subject to the different approaches, it can classify economic policies in agriculture according to different criteria Some of the following agricultural economy policies may be mentioned: + Land policy + Investment policy + Credit policy + Market price policy + Agricultural product export policy + Agricultural extension policy + Policy on renovation of agricultural and rural structure 2.2.4.5 Inspecting and supervising economic activities in agriculture Basically, the specialized inspection and supervision in the agricultural sector includes the following contents: field of cultivation; field of plant protection and quarantine; sector of breeding; fishery sector; veterinary field; field of agricultural, forestry and fishery product quality management; field of agricultural, forestry and aquatic product processing 2.2.5 Factors affect state management for agricultural economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization 2.2.5.1 Group of objective factors (a) Situation of socio-economic development; (b) Political context in the country; (c) The process of international economic integration; (d) Increasing competition in the agricultural market 2.2.5.2 Group of subjective factors (a) Viewpoints of the Party and the State on agricultural development; (b) Mode and method of state management for agricultural economy; (c) Capability and quality of officials and civil servants; (d) Costs for management work 2.3 INTERNAL AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES IN STATE MANAGEMENT FOR AGRCULTURAL ECONOMY IN THE DIRECTION OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION AND APPLICABLE LESSONS TO THE NORTHERN COASTAL REGION 2.3.1 Experiences in state management for agricultural economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization 13 - Experience in orienting agricultural activities in the direction of industrialization and modernization - Experiences in implementing policies on application of modern technology and techniques, computerization to improve farming methods, increase productivity and sustainable production - Experiences in policies of investment in building storage system, enhancing the processing of waste and by-products - Experiences in support policies for agricultural product consumption - Experience in agricultural extension system - Experiences in policy of shifting sectoral structure and diversification of agricultural products 2.3.2 Lessons learned for the Northern Coast Region - Measures shall be taken to support farmers in applying scientific, technical and technological advances to agricultural production - Building infrastructures for agricultural and rural production, in which arteries are irrigation, traffic and electricity works - Paying attention to and adopting policies to support and encourage other economic sectors to invest in the agricultural sector, to build a network of service cooperatives to support inputs such as agricultural supplies, technical services, and credit and consume outputs for households and farmers - Implementing agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization in combination with shifting agricultural economy - Assigning ownership of production assets (including land) to farmers and organizing production by concentration of land in various forms such as transfer, lease - Renewing mechanisms and policies of management for science, techniques and technology in service of agricultural and rural development and farmers Encouraging the signing of contracts between scientific, technical and technological agencies with agricultural subjects - Making long-term investments in the storage and preservation system, should take into account the cooperation in the construction of agricultural product warehouse in foreign countries, so that enterprises will be able to monitor which market in need to meet timely or wait for selling at a time when prices have risen again - Improving and strengthening the horizontal-vertical integrated efficiency in the production and consumption of agricultural products 14 CHAPTER CURRENT STATUS OF STATE MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY IN THE NORTHERN COASTAL REGION 3.1 NATURAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY IN THE NORTHERN COASTAL REGION 3.1.1 Natural characteristics 3.1.2 Economic-social characteristics 3.2 SITUATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY IN THE NORTHERN COASTAL REGION 3.2.1 Situation of agricultural production in the Northern Coastal Region 3.2.1.1 Cultivation situation in the Northern Coastal Region Over the seven-year period from 2008 to 2015, the area of agricultural land tended to decline from 563.7 thousand in 2008 to 541.9 thousand in 2015, equivalent to a decrease of 21.8 (equivalent to a half of the agricultural land fund of Quang Ninh province) This is a disturbing situation not only in the North Coastal Region but also in the whole country Compared with other regions, the per capita food output of the Northern Coastal Region is relatively low (422.2 kg/person), only higher than the Red River Delta (342 kg/person), the North Central Region and the Central Coastal Vietnam (396.1 kg/person), equally to only one quarter compared to the Mekong Delta (1473.8 kg/person) This represents a weakness in the region's agricultural development since the region has long been considered a privileged natural resource with great potential for land and climate for the development of cultivation 3.2.1.2 Breeding situation in the Northern Coastal Region Cattle breeding: From 2008 to 2015, the number of buffaloes and cows in the region has decreased dramatically, from 101 thousand buffaloes to 75 thousand buffaloes; From 199 thousand cows to 131 thousand Pig breeding in the region counted for the most development, is concentrated in Thai Binh and Nam Dinh with the largest number of pigs, approximately million per year in each province Basically, pig breeding in the North Coastal Region has been relatively stable, with the nearly unchanged number of pigs during 2008-2015; however, the output of pigs 15 increased gradually over the years with the average growth rate of 2.12%/year Poultry breeding (mainly chicken) counted for the strongest growth, with a quite good growth in the period of 2008-2015 The annual number of poultry has been increasing steadily with an average increase of about 10% per year For the whole period, poultry flocks in the Northern Coastal Region increased by 7.5 thousand Compared with localities in the region, Thai Binh still has the largest population of poultry, at the first time in 2014 exceeded 10 million per year This is followed by Hai Phong and Ninh Binh with the number of over million per year In recent years, poultry breeding has been paid much attention and invested quite synchronously in breed, techniques and breeding method has been changed, so the output of meat and poultry eggs have been higher than that of the previous year with a high growth rate 3.2.1.3 Situation of aquaculture in the Northern Coastal Region The seafood ouput in the region has increased continuously over the years from 341 thousand tons in 2008 to 555 thousand tons in 2015, with a spectacular growth rate in the whole period as 160% while the area for aquaculture has not been increasing Compared with the whole country, the North Coastal region ranked second in terms of seafood output just after the Mekong Delta and accounted for 22.68% of total output 3.2.2 Agricultural productivity in the Northern Coastal Region Regarding rice cultivation, the productivity of rice in the Red River Delta, including four provinces of the Northern Coast Region (except Quang Ninh) counts for the highest in the country with an average of 5.8 tons/ha/crop With this number, Vietnam's rice productivity is the highest in the Southeast Asia For corn production, the region's harvested yield is only equal to the national average of 4.4 tons per hectare, lower than the Red River Delta and especially the Mekong Delta 3.2.3 Application of technical sciences in agricultural production in the Northern Coastal Region Most of the localities in the Northern Coastal Region have actively applied advanced science and technology to agricultural production Not only biotechnology but mechanization has been widely applied in agricultural production The rate of using machines in production such as soiling, irrigation, threshing has been more and more increasing; postharvest technology and agricultural product processing industry have been also strongly developed Many agricultural product processing units have used modern technology and equipment in production; At the same time, associated with farmers to perform all-in production, according to the process from farming to processing and export Therefore, it has contributed to promote industrialization and modernization of the agriculture sector, enhance added value of products, create more jobs and improve the living standards of rural employees 16 3.2.4 Shifting of the structure of agricultural sector in the Northern Coastal Region In terms of the proportion of agricultural majors, there is a change in the contribution of each sub-sector to GDP in agricultural sector of the region In particular, the proportion of cultivation has been reduced from 39.05% in 2008 to 32.28% in 2015, although a decrease its proportion was still relatively high Meanwhile, the proportion of livestock sector increased from 21.65% to 30.39%; At the same time, the proportion of the breeding sector decreased from 37.3% to 33.65% In addition, agricultural services such as the supply of plant seeds, livestock, fertilizers, veterinary drugs, pesticides have grown tremendously in value and made the contribution in the sector’s GDP to increase from 1.35% to 3.39% The forestry proportion has been decreasing, almost contributing insignificantly to the GDP of the sector 3.3 CURRENT STATUS OF STATE MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY IN THE NORTHERN COASTAL REGION 3.3.1 Current status of organizing state management apparatus for agricultural economy in the Northern Coastal Region In reality, there is no agricultural management apparatus for the entire Northern Coastal Region but only the agricultural management apparatus of each province and city in the region Basically, agricultural production in the whole region is managed by the central level (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development) and at the local level (Department of Agriculture and District Agriculture) At the local level, the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development is in charge of all state management of agriculture in the localities in the region As a direct unit of state management of agricultural economy, the Ministry and Department of Agriculture and Rural Development in collaboration with other state management agencies such as the Ministry of Planning and Investment; the Ministry of Industry and Trade; The Ministry of Finance; the Ministry of Science and Technology; Ministry of Health 3.3.2 Current status of the legal system related to agricultural economic development in the direction of industrialization - modernization in the North Coastal Region Since agricultural economy consists of many different branches, each branch has different production functions Therefore, the legal framework related to agriculture includes many legal documents such as the Land Law; the Fisheries Law; the Law on Agricultural Land Use Tax; the Law on Plant Protection and Quarantine; the Law on Food Safety; and the Veterinary Law 17 In general, the laws related to agricultural production have been newly amended and promulgated in the direction of better adjustment, more and more completion in content in order to expand opportunities and create conditions for economic sectors involved in production and business in agriculture, in addition to strict regulations on quarantine and food safety to protect the health of consumers, maintain the natural environment and agricultural development in the direction of sustainability 3.3.3 Current status of planning, plans, programs and projects on agricultural development in the direction of industrialization and modernization in the Northern Coastal Region One of the important contents of state management in agricultural economy in the Northern Coastal Region is the planning, meaning the promulgation and implementation of planning and plans for agricultural development in the direction of industrialization and modernization in the provinces in the Region The promulgation of planning and plans related to agricultural development in the region is clearly defined at two levels: central and local level depending on the issuing level Plans issued by the central level will be applied nationwide or the whole region; while the plans issued by the local authorities will only be applied internally within the territory of that locality 3.3.3.1 Planning at the central level - Decision No 865/QD-TTg dated 10/7/2008 approving the planning of construction of the Northern Coastal Region up to 2025 with a vision to 2050 - Agricultural and Rural Development Strategy for the period 2011-2020 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development - The five-year plan 2016-2020 of the agricultural sector and rural development sector is one step to concretize the 10-year development strategy - Fisheries and breeding development strategy to 2020 In addition, at the central level, there are programs and projects in the agricultural sector such as: - Project on agricultural restructure in the direction of enhancing added value and sustainable development - Project on development of cultivation up to 2020, vision to 2030 - The program for agricultural development with application of high technology approved in conjunction with the Decision No 1895/QD-TTg dated 17/12/2012 by the Prime Minister 3.3.3.2 Planning at the local level in the Northern Coastal Region 18 In addition to the implementation of strategies, plans, projects, national programs for agricultural development in the direction of industrialization modernization, the provinces in the Northern Coastal Region have also promulgated and implemented the planning, plans and programs of agricultural development towards the industrialization and modernization of their respective localities From 2008 to 2016, the People's Committee of the provinces/cities in Northern Coastal Region has directed to build nearly 30 agricultural and rural development plannings and assigned Department of Agriculture and Rural Development to organize and implement Completed planning is an important basis for the agricultural and rural development sector and localities as a basis for developing land use plans, shifting plant and livestock structure, building concentrated production and promoting the application of technical advances to agricultural production; shifting agricultural and rural economy structure and sustainable development 3.3.4 Current status of promulgating and implementing the policy system of agricultural development in the direction of industrialization and modernization in the Northern Coastal Region 3.3.4.1 Central agricultural policy system a Policy on agricultural land use tax exemption and reduction b Policy on credit for farmers c Policy on price support for agricultural products d Agricultural extension policy e Policy on encouraging enterprises to invest in agriculture f Policy on application of high technology in agriculture 3.3.4.2 The agricultural policy system of the localities in the Northern Coastal Region to implement the central policy The provinces and cities in Northern Coastal Region have issued many policies to encourage cultivation, breeding, and aquaculture, based on the general policy of the Government 3.3.5 The current status of inspection and supervision of agricultural production in the Northern Coastal Region Annually, the specialized inspection system of the Ministry and Departments of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Northern Coastal Region carries out many inspections and inspections of activities of food production and processing establishments…, establishments of trading in agricultural materials, the inspection of food safety from production and processing establishments to the business and consumption of products 19 Inspection results in the region for the past few years have shown that many violations of pesticides, low-qualified organic fertilizers and other fertilizers have been detected in some localities and some enterprises; small establishments which have not yet met the necessary conditions still exist and participate in the production and trading of fertilizers; Many mistakes in processing, food safety such as not maintaining quality control, periodic product testing; Using origin-unknown materials for food processing; Repairing, erasing contents of food quality and safety certificates with exported food batches; Failing to comply with food safety control procedures as prescribed Regarding the inspection of agricultural land use: Based on the results of the inspection in localities in the Northern Coastal Region, there have been many mistakes in the management and use of the agricultural land fund such as the lump-up and lease of land is not bided or auctioned; No maps, records and management books as prescribed 3.4 EVALUATION OF CURRENT STATUS OF STATE MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY IN THE DIRECTION OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION IN THE NORTHERN COASTAL REGION 3.4.1 Achievements in state management for agricultural economy in the Northern Coastal Region The state management of the agricultural economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization in the Northern Coastal Region in the period 2008-2015 has achieved the following outstanding results: Firstly, a legal framework has been established more and more perfectly in agricultural economy with a punctual and updating issue level Secondly, the tools of planning such as strategy, planning and plans have been used quite flexibly and regularly in state management in the Northern Coastal Region Thirdly, policies supporting agricultural development through agricultural offering agricultural credit, price stabilization of agricultural products, land use tax exemption and reduction have promoted agricultural production in the Northern Coastal Region towards production and concentration with large scale, have been agreed by farmers, and , in which enterprises are considered the center for production development Fourthly, the Northern Coastal Region has developed information and extension systems and rural financial services for agriculture Fifthly, the guarantee of food hygiene and safety quality and quarantine are paid attention by local authorities in the region; communication on food safety has 20 been improved; The application of international standards in agricultural, forestry and aquaculture production and processing is gradually promoted step by step towards a green agriculture 3.4.2 Outstanding limitations in state management for agricultural economy in the Northern Coastal Region Apart from the advantages of state management for agricultural economy, the implementation of state management for agricultural economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization in the Northern Coastal Region has not avoided certain limitations Firstly, there is no Steering Committee with the function of coordinating Northern Coastal Region leading to weak regional linkage Secondly, the agricultural management apparatus of the Northern Coastal Region is overlapping, lacking in rhythm and coordination among management agencies Thirdly, the Land Law 2013, although recently promulgated, has exposed some shortcomings in implementation; legal documents on food hygiene and safety are contradictory Fourthly, the planning in the provinces/cities is too massive, the planning has overlapping content, planning is unfeasible Fifthly, the credit policy for agriculture in the Northern Coastal Region has not really been effective Sixthly, the management of pesticide use is lax, leading to widespread use, causing environmental pollution and endangering the health of both producers and consumers Seventhly, the inspection is not strict, poor performance and overlapping 3.4.3 The basic causes of the limitations 3.4.3.1 Group of objective reasons 3.4.3.2 Group of subjective reasons CHAPTER ORIENTATIONS AND SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE STATE MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY IN THE NORTHERN COASTAL REGION IN THE DIRECTION OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION 21 4.1 ORIENTATIONS OF IMPROVING STATE MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY IN THE NORTHERN COASTAL REGION IN THE DIRECTION OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION 4.1.1 Economical context in the world and impacts on the agricultural economy in the Northern Coastal Region - Increase of agricultural productivity - Increase of agricultural investment - Green growth in agriculture - Cooperation in agricultural development - The 4th Industrial Revolution in agriculture 4.1.2 Strategic orientations for agricultural economic development in the Northern Coastal Region in the direction of industrialization and modernization up to 2030 4.1.3 The viewpoints of the Party and the State on state management for agricultural economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization in the Northern Coastal Region 4.2 SOLUTIONS OF IMPROVING STATE MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY IN THE NORTHERN COASTAL REGION IN THE DIRECTION OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION 4.2.1 Improving the organizational apparatus and managing human resource in the Northern Coastal Region 4.2.2 Improving the quality of planning, plans and orientations for agricultural economic development in the Northern Coastal Region 4.2.3 Improving the policy system for agricultural development in the Northern Coastal Region 4.2.3.1 Improving the land support policy for agricultural development in the region 4.2.3.2 Promoting public-private partnership in agriculture in the in the Northern Coastal Region to diversify the investment capital for agriculture in the region 4.2.3.3 Improving financial policies for farmers and agricultural enterprises 4.2.3.4 Improving the agricultural extension policy by improving the efficiency and encouraging participation of the private sector 4.2.3.5 Improving policies on transfer and application of science and technology to agricultural production 4.2.4 Promoting agricultural development in the Northern Coastal Region towards organic agriculture and clean agriculture 22 4.2.5 Promoting agriculture in the Northern Coastal Region to develop towards large-scale production 4.2.6 Solutions to improve the inspection of agricultural economic activities - Strengthening the inspection and supervision of the effectiveness of agricultural support projects and policies - Strengthening the inspection of agricultural materials, food hygiene and safety - Strengthening the inspection on the use of agricultural land by localities in the Northern Coastal Region 4.3 CONDITIONS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE SOLUTION 4.3.1 Renewing viewpoints on the role of the State, and promoting the role of industry associations 4.3.2 Raising awareness and capacity of farmers on industrialization and modernization 4.3.3 Developing rural infrastructures in the Northern Coastal Region 4.3 Some recommendations for the National Assembly 4.3.1 Recovering shortcomings in the Land Law 2013 4.3.2 Completing the Fisheries Law in the direction of recovering inadequacies 4.2.3 Promulgating the Law on Agriculture, agreeing to adjust specialties in the agricultural sector CONCLUSION By analyzing the natural, economic and social characteristics of the Northern Coastal Region, the dissertation confirms that Northern Coastal Region with the territory of provinces as Quang Ninh, Hai Phong, Thai Binh, and Nam Dinh, and Ninh Binh has strength of developing food crops, fruit trees, cattle and poultry, and aquaculture in association with processing industry and agricultural modernization The dissertation has shown that the main cause of the limitations in agricultural development of the region is that the state management of agricultural economy in the Northern Coastal Region still faces many shortcomings: the planning is limited without reality and in association with processing, consumption, market and investment in infrastructures; the policy system remains lack of efficiency, , policy specification is slow, lack of human resources; The inspection and supervision have not been paid much attention, so concerns arising have not been solved punctually and thoroughly 23 In order for the agricultural sector in the Northern Coastal Region to develop in the direction of industrialization and modernization, the dissertation affirmed that the most important orientation currently is to improve the role of state management for agricultural economy in the region by solutions such as: Facilitating to expand the consumption market of agricultural products, increasing the input of capital for farmers, promoting the application of science and technology into production; Reviewing and adjusting the land use planning and agricultural development in association with the processing and consumption of products in combination with the planning on development of rural infrastructure; developing the types of business organizations in agriculture… Through the proposed solutions, the dissertation hopes that it can contribute to improve the effectiveness of the State management and adjustment role, facilitating to promote agricultural economy in the Northern Coastal Region to develop rapidly in the direction of commodity production and trading and the process of industrialization and modernization of rural agriculture in the coming years 24 LIST OF THE AUTHOR’S PUBLICATIONS Policy on agricultural economy development in the Nothern Coastal Region in the direction of Industrialization and Modernization; Lighting and Life Magazine, the Agency of Vietnam Lighting Association; No 89+90, September and October 2016; Page 57-61 Scientific foundation and trend of shifting current agricultural economy structure; Lighting and Life Magazine, the Agency of Vietnam Lighting Association; No 91, November 2016; Page 52-55 Some international experiences in agricultural economic development towards industrialization and modernization; State management Magazine, National Academy of public Administration; No.271, August 2018; Page 106-109 State management of agricultủal economy along the direction of industrialization and modernization in the Northem coastal region; Journal of Economics and Managerment, Ho Chi Minh National Political Academy; No.27, Semtember 2018; Page 71-73 25 26 ... Coastal Region - Analyzing and evaluating the current status of state management for agricultural economy in the provinces of the Northern Coastal Region, point out remaining constraints in state management. .. MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY IN THE DIRECTION OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION IN THE NORTHERN COASTAL REGION 3.4.1 Achievements in state management for agricultural economy in the Northern. .. Northern Coastal Region The state management of the agricultural economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization in the Northern Coastal Region in the period 2008-2015 has achieved the