phien am chuan tieng anh

IV.The Infinitive with TO is used after most Intransitive verbs to express a purpose , an intention or a result.. E.g :We stopped to have a rest.?[r]

THE GERUND AND THE INFINITIVE AFTER VERBS

escape keep fancy detest understand* deny finish mind resent excuse* mention delay miss recall forgive* suggest postpone risk recollect pardon* can’t help ( stand , resist , face )

E.g :We must avoid hurting other people’s feelings James suggested going to the movies

I can’t stand seeing you bite your nails

+NOTE :The berbs marked (*) are nearly always followed by a possessive Adj / noun in the Possessive case + Gerund

E.g :Please excuse ( forgive , pardon ) my disturbing you

II.Here are some common verbs that are followed by the Infinitive : afford choose help offer swear agree decide hesistate prepare threaten appear expect hope pretend undertake arrange fail learn promise want ask happen manage refuse wish E.g :He agreed to come with us

She chose to stay at home that evening They promised not to be late

III.Here are some common verbs that are followed either by the Gerund or the Infinitive *Group : Either the gerund or the Infinitive may be used after these verbs , but there is often a difference of meaning

begin like remember intend start love forget propose continue adore prefer mean cease dislike dread omit stop hate regret can’t bear E.g : He began to see the truth

I must remember to post the letter

I remember seeing her when I was a little girl

*Group :The Gerund or a Personal object + Infinitive follows these verbs in the active voice ; in the passive voice only the Infinitive is used

admit consider permit E.g :He doesn’t allow talking in this room He doesn’t allow us to talk in this room We aren’t allowed to talk in this room

*Group :The Gerund used after these verbs in equivalent to the Passive Infinitive ( The gerund is the only form used after TO BEAR )

need want require deserve bear E.g :My shirt needs mending ( needs to be mended )

 OTHER USES OF THE GERUND AND THE INFINITIVE

I The Gerund is used after Prepositions and after nearly all two – word verbs : E.g :I’m tired of meeting the same people every day

People can’t live without eating and drinking

*NOTE :The Infinitive , general without TO , is used after the Prepositions BUT , EXCEPT ,THAN and TO

( in BE ABOUT TO , OUGHT TO , USED TO ) E.g : He did nothing else than laugh

I used to live alone , but I don’t now

II.The Gerund is used after these expressions :IT’S NO GOOD , IT’S NO USE , IT ISN’T WORTHWHILE , BE WORTH , BE NEAR , BE BUSY , FEEL LIKE , THERE IS ( NO , LITTLE , MUCH , NOTHING LIKE )

E.g :It’s no good talking to him She was very near dying

III.The Gerund may follow Possessive Adjectives ( MY , YOUR , HIS ….)and nouns in the Possessive case.These Adjectives and nouns are the subject of the Gerund

E.g :His having won the prize made him very happy Would you mind my opening the window ?

IV.The Infinitive with TO is used after most Intransitive verbs to express a purpose , an intention or a result

E.g :We stopped to have a rest You will live to regret it

* NOTE :The Infinitive without TO is used after verbs of Perception ( SEE , HEAR , WATCH , FEEL , SMELL , NOTICE , OBSERVE …) and such verbs as LET , MAKE , HAVE

E.g :Did you see him go out

VI.the Infinitive with TO is used after HOW , WHEN , WHERE , WHAT , WHICH ,… As the equivalent of noun clauses

E.g :Would you please show me how to this ?

VII.The Infinitive with TO is used after Nouns , Indefinite , Pronouns , Adjectives and Adverbs as their Modifier