present ®iÒu kiÖn kh«ng thùc ë hiÖn t¹i My car broke down, but for that I could have come in time. - §iÒu kiÖn kh«ng thùc hiÖn ®îc[r]
(1)CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE §iỊu kiƯn thực đ ợc thời tại.
Will/ shall
If + Subject + simple present , subject + + [verb in simple form] can/ may
If I have the money, I will buy a new car. If you try more, you will improve your English.
We will have plenty of time to finish the project before dinner if it is only ten o clock now.’
If + subject + simple present tense + subject + + simple present tense Mẫu câu đợc dùng để diễn tả thói quen.
If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits his patients in the hospital in the afternoon (khơng có động từ khuyết thiếu.)
John usually walks to school if he has enough time.
If + Subject + simple present tense + command form*
* Nên nhớ mệnh lệnh thức dạng đơn giản động từ ( simple form) Mẫu câu có nghĩa nhờ ai, lệnh cho làm gì.
If you go to the Post Office, please mail this letter for me. Please call me if you hear from Jane.
TYPE Điều kiện thực đ ợc thêi hiƯn t¹i.
would / should
If + Subject + simple past , subject + + verb in simple form
could / might If I had enough money now, I would buy this house
( but now I don t have enough money.)’
If I had the time, I would go to the beach with you this weekend (but I don t have the time.) ( I m not going to the beach with you.)’ ’ He would tell you about it if he were here.
( he won t tell you about it.) ( He is not here).’
If he didn t speak so quickly, you could understand him ’ (He speaks very quickly.) (You can t understand him.)’
L u ý:
Động từ to be sau if mẫu câu phải chia làm were tất ngôi. I they were.
If I were you, I wouldn t such a thing.’ (but I m not you.)
TYPE Điều kiện thực đ ợc thời khứ.
Would / should
If + Subject + past perfect, subject + + have + P2
could / might
If we hadn t lost’ the way we could have been here in time. (but in fact we lost the way, so we were late.)
If we had known that you were there, we would have written you a letter. (We didn t know that you were there.) ( we didn t write you a letter.)’ ’ She would have sold the house if she had found the right buyer. (She didn t sell the house.) (She didn t find the right buyer.)’ ’ If we hadn t lost’ the way, we would have arrived sooner. (We lost our way.) (we didn t arrive early.)’
(2)If she had caught the flight she would be here by now.
L u ý:
Trong số trờng hợp câu điều kiện thực đợc thời khứ, ngời ta bỏ if đảo had lên đầu câu nhng ý nghĩa giữ nguyên.
Had + subject + [verb in past participle ] Had we known you were there, we would have written you a letter.
Had she found the right buyer, she would have sold the house. Hadn ’ t we lost the way, we would have arrived sooner
Các cách dùng đặc biệt Will, would should mệnh đề if
Thông thờng động từ không đợc dùng đằng sau if nhng đợc dùng mang ý nghĩa sau:
Ifyou will /would.
Thờng đợc dùng yêu cầu lịch ( Would lịch hơn) If you would wait a moment, I will see if Mr John is here.
(Nếu cô vui lòng chờ chút, xem liệu ông John có không.) I would be very grateful if you will/ would make an arrangement for me.
If you could + verb in simple form.
Nếu ơng vui lịng - Ngịi nói cho ngời đồng ý nh lẽ tất nhiên If you could fill in this form.
If you could open your books.
If + subject + will / would.
Nếu chịu - Diễn đạt ý tự nguyện If he will (would) listen to me, I can help him.
NÕu nã chÞu nghe theo lời tôi giúp nó.
If + subject + will.
DiƠn t¶ sù ngoan cè.
If you will learn English this way, a failure for TOFEL test is sure awaiting you.
Nếu cậu mà học tiếng Anh theo cách trợt kỳ thi TOFEL chắn chờ đón cậu.
If + subject +should.
Diễn đạt hành động dù đợc song khả nói ngời nói khơng tin việc lại xảy ra. If you shouldn t’ know how to use this TV set, please call me up this number.
Nếu anh cách sử dụng tivi này, gọi điện cho số máy (Nói nhng ngời nói khơng cho anh ta lại sử dụng tivi đó.)
If you should have any difficulties while doing these exercises, please feel free to ask me.
(Ngời thầy không cho cậu học sinh lại khơng làm đợc tập - chúng dễ cậu học trị thơng minh)
- Trong số trờng hợp ngời ta bỏ if đảo should lên đầu câu mà ngữ nghĩa không thay đổi. Should you have any difficulties while doing these exercises, please feel free to ask me.
Should it be cloudy and gray, the groundhog will supposedly wander around for food - a sign that spring is near
Nếu trời có nhiều mây bầu trời xám xịt ngời ta cho sóc đất lang thang kiếm ăn - dấu hiệu mùa Xuân tới gần Thực ra, sử dụng cấu trúc tác giả cho sóc đất chui trời lại có nhiều mây bầu trời lại xám lại - kết thống kê.
1 số từ nói điều kiện
even if + negative verb (cho dï ) You must go tomorrow even if you aren t ready.’
Whether or not + positive verb (dï cã hay kh«ng) He likes watching TV whether or not the show is god.
unless + positive verb = if not (trõ phi, nÕu kh«ng) If you don t start at once, you will be late.’
= You will be late unless you start at once. But for that + unreal condition (nÕu kh«ng th× )
(3)present điều kiện không thực tại My car broke down, but for that I could have come in time. khứ điều kiện không thực ë qu¸ khø
otherwise + conditional sentence ( kẻo, khơng ) - Điều kiện thực đợc.
We must be back before midnight, otherwise I will be locked out. - Điều kiện không thực đợc.
Her father pays her fees, otherwise she couldn t be’ here. present điều kiện không thực tại I used a computer, otherwise it would have taken longer. qu¸ khø điều kiện không thực khứ
Nhn xét Trong tiếng Anh hàng ngày, ngời ta dùng or else để thay cho otherwise.
Provided / providing (that) / on condition that / as long as / so long as ( với điều kiện là, miễn lµ )
You can camp here provided (that) you leave no mess.
Suppose/ supposing ? = what if ? (giả sử sao, nÕu v× sao)
Suppose the plane is late? = what will happen if the plane is late? - Từ nối đợc sử dụng để gợi ý.
Suppose you ask him = why don t you ask him?’
What if I’m- tao thÕ th× (đa thách thức )
If only + = hope that
Hy vọng If only he comes in time (hy vọng anh đến giờ) If only he will head your advice.
If only + = wish that
Giá mà - tr¸i víi thùc tÕ. If only he didn t’ smoke (but he doesn t)’
If only she had come in time (but she didn t)’
if only + would verb - ớc sao, mong sao - dùng để diễn đạt ớc muốn tại
If only he would drive more slowly (but he drives so fast) hoặc ớc muốn vô vọng tơng lai.
If only it would stop raining.
Mong trời đừng ma - nhng thực tế trời ma to. Simple present
will + verb