II. 2) They didn't allow Tom to take these books home... 3) The teacher won't correct exercises tomorrow... 4) How many trees did they cut down to build that fence?... 5) This well-known[r]
(1)LƠP – 9 1 Thì ng t
Tenses Form Trạng từ thờng gặp Cách dïng vµ vÝ dơ
1.The S present (Hiện đơn)
S + bare-V/V-s/V-es S+do/does not+ bare-V Do/Does+ S+ bare-V ?
- always, ofen, usually,frequentyly sometimes=occasionally, rarely=seldom, once or tiwce a week, never
* ChØ thãi quen ë hiƯn t¹i
- ex: He usually (go) goes t o school in the morning * thật không thay đổi
- ex: The sun (rise) rises in the East 2 The
Present Continuous (HiƯn t¹i tiÕp diÔn)
S+ am/is/ are+ V-ing S + am/is/are+ not+ V-ing Am/is/are+ S+ V-ing?
at the moment, at the time,Verb! (look!, listen!, be quiet)
at present = now
* Chỉ hành động xảy thời điểm nói - It (rain) is raining now
- Lan (eat) is eating at preent - Listen! She (sing) is singing 3 The Pr.
Perfect (HTHT)
S + have/has + V3/Ved S + have/has +not+ V3/V-ed Have/Has + S + V3/V-ed?
for + kho¶ng t.gian since + Mèc t.gian
never, ever, just = recently = lately, so far = up to now = up to the present= until now,already, yet,this is the first time , several times
* Chỉ hành động xảy qk t.gian không xác định
ex: She (vêsit) has visited Ha Long Bay several times
* Chỉ hành động bắt đầu QK mà tiếp tục đến
- We (learn) have learnt English for years - My mother (be) has been sick sinse yesterday - Lan (just buy) has just bought a new shirt 4 The
P.perfect continuous HTHTTD)
S + have/has + been + V-ing S+have/has+not+been+V-ing
Have/Has + S + been + V-ing?
for + kho¶ng t.gian since + Mèc t.gian
so far = up to now = up to the present= until now
* Dùng để nhấn mạnh hành động khởi khứ kéo dài đến tiếp tục tơng lai
- She (wait) has been waiting to see you since o ’ clock
- He (work) has been working in this factory for years.
5 The S Past ( Qk)
S + V2/V-ed
S + did + NOT + bare-V Did +S + bare- V?
- Yessterday, last (last week /month/ year ), ago, in + year(in 2000 )
* số việc xảy thời điểm xác định khứ
- She (meet) met him yesterday.
- Mr Pike (stay) stayed here last nigh 6 The Past
Continuous (QKTD)
S + was/ were + V-ing S + was/ were + not+ V-ing Was/ were + S + V-ing?
At P.m/ at o’clock + Thêi gian QK, all day yesterday
* Chỉ hành động xảy điểm thời gian xác định QK
- At this time last night, she (study) was studying lessons at home
(2)- My mother (cook) was cooking while my father (watch) was watching TV.
* Chỉ hành động xảy QK hành động khác xen vào
-When he ( drive) was driving, he (see) saw a serious accident
7 The Past Perfect : (QKHT)
S + had + V3/ V-ed
S + had + NOT + V3/ V-ed Had + S + V3/ V-ed?
before, after, by, *Diễn tả hành động xảy QK trớc hành động khác thời điểm QK
- Before 1975, he (work) had worked in that factory
- When I (come) come, he (leave) had left by o clock’
- After he (graduate) had graduated, he (go) went abroad
9 The S future (TL đơn)
S + will/ shall + Vinf S + will/shall + not + Vinf Will/Shall + S +Vinf?
Tomorrow, next (next week/
month/ year ), someday, Diễn tả hành động xảy tơng lai.- Tomorrow he (visit ) will viisit me - She (stay) will stay at next Monday
Dấu hiệu nghĩa Cách dùng Dạng vÞ trÝ
since Tõ,tõ Mèc thêi gian K§,P§,NV Tríc thêi gian
For đợc,khoảng Khoảng thời gian KĐ,PĐ,NV Trớc thời gian
Already Rồi,đã Kđ Cuối câu,sau have has
yet Cha,vÉn cha Pđ,nv Cuối câu
never Cha từng, cha bao giê K®,nv Tríc PII
ever Kđ,nv Trớc PII
before Trớc đây,trớc KĐ,PĐ,NV Ci câu
Recently/lately Gần Kđ,pđ,nv Cuối câu,sau chủ ngữ
Till now/Up to now Cho đến Kđ,pđ,nv Cuối câu
first,second times Lần đầu tiên,lần thứ hai Kđ,nv đầu câu,cuối câu Bài Tập
Choose a, b, c or d that best completes each sentence:
(3)The boys broke a window when they football.a played b were playing c haf playedd are playing What to you yesterday?
a happened b did happen c had happen d was happening It was the most exciting film I
b never saw b ever saw c had ever seen d have ever seen He said that he his work since o’clock
Did b has done c had done d would do
I about him when suddenly he came in
talk b talked c am talking d was talking
Please don’t touch anything before the police will come b the police comes
c the police come d the police would come “When ?” - In 1928
a penicillin was discovered b was penicillin discovered b did penicillin discovered d did penicillin discover They have been in love with each other they were young
a. while b until c for d since Do you know what there yesterday?
a she is doing b was doing c did she d she did At present, that author a historical novel
a is writing b was writing c has written d had written By next month, I my first novel
a will finish b am going to finish b finish d will have finished I the money from him yet
a haven’t received b don’t receive c will receive d am receiving Don’t make noise My mother with her friend
a is talking b was talking c talks d talked the teacher gave me a passing grade
a After taking the test b After I take the test b After I took the test d After I had taken the test No sooner the office than the phone rang
a was he leaving b he was leaving c he had left d had he left 17 How many times there so far? A few times
a have you been b would you be c were you d had you been 18 It’s at least a month since Tom
a I last seen b I last see c I have last seen d I last saw 19 Up to then, I such a big fire
(4)a know/ am b knew/ was c have known/ am d have known/ was 21 They for hours when the storm suddenly broke
a had been running b have been running c are running d will be running 22 I assumed you paying for the repairs until the end of last year
a have been b was been c are being d had been 23 .get tired of answering the same questions every day?
a Have you ever b Had you ever c Do you ever d Are you ever 24 She working on that manuscript for year now
a will be b has been c had been d.is 25 I there once a long time ago and back since
a went/have not been b go/am not c have gone/was d was going/had not been 26 She trying to pass her driving test but fails every time
a kept b is keeping c.did want d keeps 27 I complete silence now while I try this experiment
a am wanting b want c had wanted d have wanted 28.The students by Mrs.Monty However, this week they by Mr.Tanzer
a are usually taught/are being taught b usually teach/are teaching c have usually been taught/have been teaching
d were usually teaching /are teaching
29 No matter what happens next I help you
a am b have c will d.would
30 In the last hundred years, traveling much easier and more comfortable a becomes b has become c became d will become
31 In the 19th century, it two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon a took b had taken c had taken d.was taking
32 In the past the trip very rough and often dangeruos, but things a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years a was/have changed b is/change c had been/will change d.hasbeen/changed
33 Now you from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours a are flying b would fly c will fly d can fly 34 When Carol last night, I my favorite show on television
a was calling/watched b called/have watched c called/was watching d had called/watched 35.By this time next summer, you your studies
a.completes b.will complete c.are completing d will have completed 36 Right now, Jim the newspaper and kathy dinner
a reads/has cooked b is reading/is cooking c.has read/was cooking d read/will be cooking
(5)38 When I home last night, I that Jane a beautiful candle light dinner
a had arrived/discovered/preparing b was arriving/has discovered/was preparing c have arrived/was discovering/had prepared d arrived/discovered/was preparing
39.The sun late in winter.a is rising always b rises always c is always rising d always rises
40 While I Tv last night, a mouse ran across the floor.a watch b watched c was watching d am watching 41.This is the most intersting novel a I’ve read b I had read c I’ve never read d I’ve ever read 42 When it began to rain, they in the yard.a played b had played c.were playing d have played 43.I haven’t seen you a since a long time b for ages c ages d for long existence 44 It every day so far this week.a rained b has rained c rains d is raining 45 I any letter from him yet.a haven’t received b will receive c don’t receive d didn’t receive
46 We to Dalat several times It’s a foggy city.a were b have been c were being d had been 47 Be careful! The bus near.a will come b will be coming c is coming d has come 48.I haven’t met him since he school.a left b was leaving c had left d was left 49 My uncle on this farm since he was 20.a has worked b have worked c worked d was working 50 It me 15 minutes to go to school every morning.a takes b has taken c is takening d took 51 When I woke up this morning, it a rained b was raining c has rained d is raining
52 He London years ago and I him since then
a left/ hadn’t seen b left/ haven’t seen c was living/ haven’t seen d left/ didn’t seen 53 By the time Tom got back,Peter a have gone b went c will go d had gone
Give the correct form of the verbs 1.The sun always (rise) in the east Look, it (rise)!
2 I don’t think I (go) out tonight I’m too tired
3 Where you (spend) your summer holiday last year, Tam? In my country, it (not rain) much in winter
5 Let’s wait for Lien (arrive) and we (have) dinner The moon (move) around the earth
7 Mai (be) very happy when she (receive) a letter from her sister this morning Would you like (join) my class next Sunday? We (visit) the local museum My father (read) now He always (read) a book after dinner
10 A friend of my brother’s (call) him last night, but he (not be) at home So I (take) a message for him 11 - Are you busy this evening?Yes, I (meet) Tuan at the library at seven We (study) together
12 Mai (telephone) you when she comes back
13 When we (be) small, our family (live) in the countryside
14 Miss Trang is in hospital.- - Yes, I know I (visit) her tomorrow
15 I (read) an interesting book at the moment I (lend) it to you when I finish it 16 Look at those black clouds It (rain)
17 I (not invite) her to the party because I (forget) her phone number 18 Look! Our new teacher (come) She (have) long, black hair
19 The boys like (play) games but (hate) lessons
(6)21 His doctor advised him (give up) (smoke)
22 By (work) day and nihgt he succeeded in (finish) the job in time 23 There (be) many volunteers in Sea Games 22nd in Viet Nam in 2003. 24 How long you (know) Mrs Chi? - I (know) her for five years
25 Your dog ever (bite) anyone? - Yes, he (bite) a policeman last week 26 We (not see) her since we (be) on holiday in Ha Long Bay
27 Phuong (not finish) her homework yet
28 Would you like some coffee? I just (make) some
29 She (feed) the cat yet? - Yes, she (feed) it half an hour ago 30 The weather (become) colder and colder in December
31 He (cut) my hair too short - Don’t worry; it (grow) again very quickly 32.I (not go) out this evening I (stay) at home
33 The film (begin) at 7.30 or 8.00?
34 You (be) away? - Yes I (go) to the country last Sunday
35 They just (phone) to say that they (not come) back till Friday night 36 My uncle (not visit) us since he (move) to the new town
37 You should practice (speak) English every day 38 The movie (start) at 8.15 this evening
39 We already (finish) the first semester exams
40 Mr Binh (learn) Chinese at school, but he (forget) most of it 41 We (have) a party next Sunday Would you like (come)?
42 While my sister and I (watch) a movie on TV last night, our uncle in the USA (phone) 43 Please continue your work; We don’t mind (wait)
44 Ha Long Bay in Viet Nam (be) a World Herritage Site It (visit) by millions of people every year 45 If Mr Lam (go) to Paris next week, he (see) the Eiffel Tower
46 I myself (witness) an accident on the Main Road yesterday A boy (knock) down by a car Then he (take) to the nearest hospital 47 Most of the Earth’s surface (cover) by water
48 The first festival (hold) nearly eight hundred years ago 49 There’s someone behind us I think we (follow)
50 An interesting book (read) by Lan at the moment 51 This bike (use) for more than six years
52 Nowadays, many historical places (destroy) seriously 53 A new text book (publish) next month
54 The Eiffel Tower is in Paris It (visit) by millions of people every year 55 Since the 1980s more and more paper (recycle)
56 Tet holiday in Viet Nam (celebrate) around January and February 57 Last night when we (visit) him, he (do) an experiment on the upstair
58 I (not see) your uncle recently - No He (not go) out since he (buy) a new color television 59 Look! The athletes (march) proudly behind their flag
(7)61 Listen! Why they (cry)? What (happen) to the?
62 As soon as her mother (come) home, all her friends (call) her 63 She (come) to see you if she arrives here
64 When I was younger , I (play) football but now I don’t
65 I (work) on a farm once and had to get up at every morning It was difficult at first as I (not get up) so early 66 Cuckoos (not build) nests They (use) the nests of other birds
67 I (wear) my sunglasses today because the sun is very strong
68 I wish that dog (lie down) He (keep) jumping up on my feet I (think) he (want) to go for a walk 69 I (lie) in the beach when the phone (ring) It (stop) after a few rings
70 It (be) cold when we (leave) the house that day, and a light snow (fall)
71 I (walk) along the street when I suddenly (feel) something hit me in the back I (not know) what it was 72 When I (see) the man, he (stand) outside the bank He (have)a cap on
73 When I (open) the cupboard door, a pile of books (fall) out 74 I can’t help (feel) anxious about her study
75 Most people prefer (ride) to (walk)
Dạng 1: Chia động từ ngoặc, sử dụng thích hợp Bài 1:
1 She (not drink) coffee She (drink) Coca Cola It (be) often hot in the summer
3 What you (do) every evening?
4 The earth (circle) the sun once every 365 days I (see) her very often
6 Most rivers (flow) into the sea Vegetarians (not eat) meat Bees (make) honey
9 Rice (not grow) in cold climates
10 Where Martin (come) from? – He (be) Scottish
Bµi 2: Nien (1) (be) Hoa’s next-door neighbor in Hue She (2) (be) beautiful She (3) (have) big brown eyes and a lovely smile Last week, she (4) (go) to Ha Noi (5) (visit) Hoa They (6) (travel) around the city and (7) (see) a lot of interesting places Nien (8) (think) Ha Noi (9) (be) beautiful but so noisy and busy, so she (10) (not like) (11) (live) there
Bµi 3:
1 Bad driving (cause) many accidents Nga and Hoa (see) a movie tonight Sue can (speak) Vietnamese very well
4 Mozart (write) more than 600 pieces of music
5 How - you - (learn) to drive? – My father (teach) me
6 We usually (go) to the library three times a week, but last week we (go) twice Alexander Graham Bell (introduce) the telephone in 1876
(8)9 What - you - (do) next summer vacation? - I (visit) my grandparents in Nha Trang
10 Would you like (come) to dinner tomorrow? Bµi 4:
1.They (award) him a medal for bravery last year Mr Brown used (play) football when he (be) young - you - (go) out last night?
5 Last night I (go) to bed late Suddenly I (hear) a noise I (get) up to see what it (be) but I (not see) anything What - you - (use) to in your free time? – I used (go) fishing
7 Martha (phone) me yesterday She’s on holiday in France She (have) a great time and (not want) to come back
8 My parents used (live) in Hue They (be) born and (grow) up there In 1969, they (move) to Da Nang and then to Saigon At present we (live) in a small house in Ho Chi Minh City
Bµi 5:
Although I (1) (have) a car, I prefer (2) (travel) by train, especially if I have to (3) (make) a long journey As the train (4) (travel) at full speed through the countryside, I can (5) (relax), drink a coffee, read a book, or just (6) (look) out of the window, sometimes the movement of the train (7) (keep) me asleep, something you couldn’t while (8) (drive) a car The trouble (9) (be) that I hate (10) (wait) in cold stations, and I (11) (get) angry when I have to waste time on (12) (look) for a taxi or a bus at the beginning or the end of my journey
Bµi 6:
1 It’s difficult (climb) this mountain
2 You must (take) an umbrella It (rain) now
3 When I was a child, I used (spend) hours playing with a tin box In England the sun (not shine) every day
5 Do you remember the film we (see) last week? Everyone stopped (laugh) when we (come)
7 Sandra practices (speak) her English more frequently An is in hospital I (visit) him tomorrow
9 I like (think) carefully about things before (make) a decision 10 Ask him (come) in Don’t keep him (stand) at the door 11 Don’t forget (lock) the door before (go) to bed
12 Did you succeed in (solve) the problem ? Let me (suggest) some solutions 13 Steve used (be) a football player He had to stop (play) because of an injury 14 I prefer (walk) to (ride)
15 Don’t try (persuade) me Nothing can make me (change) my mind 16.Your poem should (write) in English
17 Yesterday afternoon, my father (fix) his motorcycle while my mother (cook) dinner 18 It’s a serious problem I don’t know how it can (solve)
19 The teacher ordered Tom (go) to the blackboard
(9)22 When we (meet) George and Linda yesterday, we (walk) through the park 23 “What you (do) at eight o’clock last night?”
“We (watch) television Bµi 7:
1 I couldn’t make my car (start) this morning
2 Mr.Robinson enjoys (listen) to music while he (drive) Jane is trying (avoid) (meet) him
4 These tigers used (keep) in iron cages She is said (be) very good at cooking I hate (laugh) at by other people
7 Marie Curie (award) the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903
8 A: (you/ ever/ connect) a printer? B: I (know) how to connect it since I (be) twelve
9 A: Mark (not be) here recently B: Really? When he (go)? A: He (leave) here three months ago
10.A: You (see) the film Harry Potter yet?/B: Yes, I (already/ see) it./A: When you (see) it?/B: I (see) it last month A1>Dùng động từ ngoặc đơn hay tiếp diễn
1 Mr Green always (go) to work by bus It (not rain) in the dry season
3 They (have) lunch in the cafeteria now My little sister (drink) milk every day The doctor sometimes (return) home late He (write) a long novel at present
7 Look! The bus (come)
8 The earth (move) around the sun
9 Something (smell) good in the kitchen now 10 They often (thank) me for what I for them
A 2: Dùng động từ ngoặc khứ khứ tiếp diễn. His uncle (teach) English in our school five years ago
2 The old man (fall) as he (get) into the bus They (not go) to the movies last Sunday When I saw him, he (sit) asleep in a chair You (find) my fountain pen yesterday? Where she (be) at o’clock this morning?
7 It (take) me minutes to walk to school last year The light (go) out when we (study) our lesson There (be) a lot of noise at the fair yesterday 10 They (give) me the letter a few minutes ago A3: Chia động từ sau hoàn thành
1 They (not speak) to each other since they quarelled I wonder where he (live) since then
(10)4 I (wait) here for her since o’clock and she (not come) yet John (do) his homework already
6 We (go) on a picnic in the countryside several times before
A4: Dùng động từ ngoặc tơng lai q khứ hồn thành Miss Snow (type) ten letters before lunchtime yesterday
2 The train (start) before we arrived at he station
3 There (be) an English class in this room tomorrow evening The films already (begin) when we got to the cinema He said that he (see) that man before
6 I (take) my borther to the zoo tomorrow
7 Mr Brown died after he (be) ill for a long time You (stay) at home tonight?
9 By December 1st last year, he (work) in the bank for years. 10 I (be) twenty years old next June
A5: Dùng động từ ngoặc
1 Mrs Green (take) Alice to the dentist many times My sister always (wash) her hands before meals Hurry up! The train (come) in
4 I hope it (not rain) when we start early tomorrow
5 He (sleep) so he did not understand what you said to him Will you wait a minute while I (look) through the text? You must tell me what you (do) since I last saw you An economic crisis often (follow) the war
9 You (witness) many things by the time you die 10.So far you (make) no mistakes on this exercise 11 What you (do) at p.m yesterday?
12.We didn’t recognize him He (change) a lot 13.He discovered to his horror that he (eat) a fly 14.Where you (spend) your holiday last year? 15.He (do) nothing before he saw me
16.All of them (sing) when I came
17.She constantly (invite) me to lunch and dine with her once or twice a year 18.Why didn’t you listen while I (speak) to you?
(11)PASSIVE VOICE I BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
II
TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE
1 The simple present S + bare - V/ V-s/es S + am/is /are + PP
2 The pre Continuous S + am/ is/ are + v-ing S+ am/is / are/ + being + PP The present perfect S + have/ has + PP S + have/ has + been + PP The simple past S + V2/ V-ed S + was/ were + PP
5 The past continuous S + was/ were + V- ing S + was/ were + be+ V -ing The past perfect S + have/ has + PP S + have/has + been + PP The simple future S + will/ shall + bare-V S + will/ shall + be + PP The near future S+ am/ is/ are going to+ bareV S+am/is/are going to+be+PP The Modal verbs S + can/could/may + bare-V S + can/could/may + be + PP
PASSIVE VOICE
(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)184) I advise my sister to put her moneybox under the carpet 185) How many ways can you solve this problem? 186) He gave the magazine back to me 187) Tom borrowed her book and lost it 188) Someone turned on a light and opened the door 189) Lan left her bag in the classroom 190) Some students haven't submitted their assignments to the teacher on time 191) They brought their children up in Italy 192) After 10 minutes he will call us in 193) They are repairing my piano now 194) You must keep dogs outside shops 195) The postman usually leaves letters in the hall 196) You can't wear this shirt because it is very small 197) The government is launching an anti - smuggling campaign 198) He can speak foreign languages 199) She used to make cloth puppets
INDIRECT SPEECH I DIRECT SPEECH:
1 Statement: ( Câu thông báo, gồm câu khẳng định câu phủ định) a Affirmative: Jason said, " Tom has worked here since last year."
Negative : I don't like that house", she said. 2 Questions:
a Yes- No question: Are you tired?", Tom asked me./ Do you work here?", Tom asked. b.Wh/ How- questions: " When did you go to bed last night?", the policeman asked him.
" How long have you been there?", Jason asked
3 Command and request: Go away!", she told us — " Open the door, please", she requested. 4 Exclamation: “How intelligent he is!", she said — " What a lovely garden!"
II INDIRECT SPEECH:
1.1 Indirect speech thường dùng để kể lại, thuật lại lời nói người khác 1.2 Reporting verbs:
(17)( Khi reporting verb(s) present / future thay đổi liên quan đến người; reporting verb(s) khứ, phải thay đổi tenses, persons, adverbs động từ)
b - I shall come back to this restaurant ", he said.
E.g He has said that he will come back to that restaurant He said that he would come back to that restaurant 1.3 Changing persons:
I → he/ she; me/you → him/her; my → his/ her We → they ; us → them; our → their
Mine → his/hers ; our → theirs ; myself → himself/herself 1.4 Changing tenses:
* General rule : “ We have to go one tense back if reporting verb is at a past tense”. Present → Past ; Past → Past perfect ; Future → Future in the Past * Present perfect → Past perfect * Future perfect → Modal perfect (would have V3/Ved) * can → could/ may → might / have to, has to → had to/
* must → had to or must ( deduction or possibility):
→ He said that George must be a fool to behave like that * mustn’t (prohibition) → mustn’t / couldn’t :
→ The guard said we mustn’t / couldn’t cross the border * needn’t → didn’t have to, needn’t
→ The boss said that I needn’t/ didn’t have to come in the next day * shall (future) → would : “ I shall tell him exactly what I think,” she said → She said she would tell him exactly what she thought
* shall ( offers, suggestions, requests for advice) → should:
- “ Shall I speak to him in person?”, she asked.→ She asked whether she should speak to him in person
Unchanging: would rather/ had better/ should/ ought to/ used to/ had + V3/ conditionals 2,3/ past subjunctive… 1.5 Changing time:
(18)Tomorrow → the next day/ the following day; two days ago → two days before/ earlier The day after tomorrow → two days after The day before yesterday → two days before/ earlier 1.6 Changing adverbs of place:
Here → there ; this place → that place 1.7 Changing verbs: come/ bring → go/ take
* Jason said to me,” I’ll go to your birthday party.” Jason said that he would come to my birthday party III HOW TO CHANGE :
1 Statement: said (to O)
S + told (O) THAT S + V (changed) + ( O/ C/ A) reported …
1 “ I like your dress.”, she said to me → She tells me that she likes my dress “ I like your dress.”, she said to me → She told me that she liked my dress “ You haven t learnt’ well recently.”, they said to Jason
→ They said to/ told Jason that he hadn t learnt’ well recently 2 QUESTIONS:
2.1 Yes- No question:
asked O
S + wondered IF/WHETHER S +V (ch) + ( O/C/A) wanted to know
IF/ WHETHER: (liệu có hay khơng.)
He asked me," Do you like these trousers?" - He asked me if I liked those trousers "Will you go to school next Sunday, Jack?" asked Mary
- Mary asked Jack whether he would go to school the next Sunday Notes:
a Yes and no are expressed in indirect speech by: subject + appropriate auxiliary verb: - He said, 'Can you swim?' and I said 'No'
→ He asked (me) if I could swim and I said I couldn't -He said, 'Will you have time to it?' and I said 'Yes'
(19)b whether can emphasize that a choice has to be made: - 'Do you want to go by air or sear the travel agent asked
→ The travel agent asked whether I wanted to go by air or by sea * Note whether or not:
'Do you want to insure your luggage or not?”, he asked
→ He asked whether or not I wanted to insure my luggage or → He asked if I wanted to insure my luggage or not
c whether + infinitive is possible after wonder, want to know: 'Shall/Should I wait for them or go on?”, he wondered
→ He wondered whether to wait for them or go on or → He wondered whether he should wait for them or go on
d. whether is neater if the question contains a conditional clause as otherwise there would be two ifs.: 'If you get the job will you move to York?' Bill asked
→ Bill asked whether, if I got the job, I'd move to York 2.2 Wh- questions:
asked O
S + wondered wh- / how- S +V (ch) + ( O/C/A) wanted to know
* Wh-: Who/ whom/ whose/ what/ which/ when/ where/ why * How-: How long/ how far/ how often/ how old
"Where did you go yesterday?" → I asked her where she had gone the day before They asked ," How can you repair this machine, John?"
→ They asked John how he could repair that machine 3."Why did the dog bark violently last night, Daisy?", asked Tom
→ Tom asked Daisy why the dog had barked violently the night 3 COMMAND & REQUEST:
asked/ told….
(20)* Don t ’ … Not to infinitive The teacher told students," Open your books now."
→ The teacher told students to open their books then/ immediately 2." Don't enter this area.", said the guard to the boys
→ The guard ordered the boys not to enter that area. 4 EXCLAMATION:
4.1
S + exclaimed / said / told (O) that + S + V (ch.) + (O/C/A) He said, “ What a dreadful idea!” or “ How dreadful!”
→ He exclaimed/ said that it was a dreadful idea/ was dreadful 4.2
S + exclaimed/ said / told (O) + what (a/an) adj N (s) + S + V(ch.) + how adj/ adv + S + V (ch.)
He said, “ What a dreadful idea!” or “ How dreadful!”
→ He said that what a dreadful idea it was/ how dreadful it was 4.3
S + gave an exclamation of delight/ disgust/ horror/ relief/ surprise… “ Good.”, he exclaimed → He gave an exclamation of pleasure/ satisfaction. 4.4
With an exclamation of delight/ disgust/ horror…, S + V + ( O/ C/ A) “ Ugh!”, she exclaimed and turned the programme off.
With an exclamation of disgust, she turned the programme off NOTES:
a Other types of exclamation, such as Good!/ Marvellous! (Tuyệt!)/ Splendid!(Hết sẩy!) Heavens!( Trời ơi!)/ Oh!(O!)/ Uah!(ghê quá!) etc can be reported as, in (b) or (c) above:
b Note also:
He said, 'Thank you!' = He thanked me
(21)He said, 'Happy Christmas!' = He wished me a happy Christmas He said, 'Congratulations!' = He congratulated me
He said, 'Liar!' = He called me a liar He said, 'Damn!'etc = He swore
The notice said: WELCOME TO WALES' =The notice welcomed visitors to Wales NOTES:
1 Had better : She said to Jason,” You’d better arrive on time,” → She said that Jason had better arrive on time
→ She advised Jason to arrive on time
2 “ If I were you…” : “ If I were you, I should get another lawyer.”, she said. → She said that if she were me, she would get another lawyer (LM, p.291) → She advised me to get another lawyer
→ She told me that I should get another lawyer 3. “ What about…?” → suggest :
“ What about go camping?”, he continued → He suggested going camping
4 “ Why don’t you…?” → suggest / advise : She asked, “ Why don’t you visit Jane?” → She suggested that I (should) visit Jane
→ She suggested my visiting Jane → She advised me to visit Jane
5 “ Will…you?”/ Would…you?” / “ Could… you?” → “ say that…be + to inf.”/ “ suggest that….(should) V…” / “ order that…” / “ order SO to sth”…
“ Will you stop talking?”, said the teacher
→ The teacher ordered(told) them to stop talking → The teacher said that they were to stop talking.
→ The teacher suggested that they (should) stop talking
6. “ Would you mind + Ving…?” → ask … to inf / ask if….would mind + V-ing “ Would you mind opening the window?”, said Jason to the boy
→ Jason asked the boy to open the window
(22)→ Marie suggested their waiting there
→ Marie suggested that they should wait there 8.“ Let + O + V …” → ask….to let…
“ Let me go”, said Jason to his principal teacher → Jason asked his principal teacher to let him go
Reporting command and request depends on situation, speaker’s position, which helps to choose the accurate reporting verb.
Some famous verbs that are used to report command& request advise SO (not) to sth: (khuyen nen lam/ khong nen lam viec gi) * The doctor advised the patient to take those pills
* Teacher usually advises his/her students not to smoke
apologize (to SO) for doing/ having done sth: ( xin loi da lam gi) * She apologized (to her boss) for being late yesterday
ask/ tell sO (not) to sth: ( yeu cau, sai, bao lam/ khong lam gi) * My parents asked me to study hard
* Jason told us (not) to shut the door
command/ order sO to sth: ( lenh cho phai lam gi) * The officer commanded/ ordered his men to fire
object to (doing) sth: ( phan doi (lam) viec gi)
* I strongly objected to being charged a fee for using my credit card Object + that : I objected that he was too young for the job
request sO to sth: (yeu cau lam gì) – be requested to sth : (duoc yeu cau lam gi) * The police requested drivers to take care on the icy road
( Drivers were requested to take care on the icy road.) suggest : goi y/ de nghi
Suggest + V-ing: - He suggested taking the children to the zoo. Suggest + that : - I suggested that we (should) break for lunch now. Suggest (to SO) that: - I suggested to the others that they could join us. remind sO to sth: ( nhac laøm gi)
* Please remind me to buy a loaf of bread
(23)* She denied knowing anything about it * He denied that he had been involved
10 accuse sO of (doing) sth: ( len an da lam gi)
* The policeman accused the boy of stealing the bicycle * Jason accused his neighbor of thief
11 regret: hoi han/ hoi tiec:
- regret + V-ing : - I regretted (his) ever raising the matter - regret + that : - I regret that I cannot help
- regret + to inf : We regret to inform you that your applications have been unsuccessful 12 allow/ permit sO to sth: cho phep lam gi
13 beg(ged) sO to sth: cau xin lam gi. 14 urge sO to sth: thuc giuc lam gi ……
EXERCISES:
I He said, 'Get out of my way.' 'Climb in through the window,' he ordered 'Please pay at the desk,' said the assistant 'Open your bag, please,' said the store detective 'Don't worry about anything, Mrs Pitt,' said her solicitor 'Leave it all to me.'
'Don't use bent coins in a slot machine,' I warned him 'Follow that car,' the detective said to the taxi-driver 'Wash it in lukewarm water,' recommended the assistant 'Have confidence in me,' urged the doctor
10 'Take me up to the 33rd floor,' he said to the liftman
II 'What happened to Mr Budd?' said one of the men 'Which of his sons inherited his estate?' asked another 'Who is going to live in the big house?' enquired a third 'What will happen to his racehorses?' asked someone else 'Which team has won?' asked Ann 'Which team won the previous match?' said Bill 'Who is playing next week?' he asked 'Who will be umpiring that match?' asked Tom
'Who wants a lift home?' said Ann 10 'Who has just dropped a $10 note?' I asked III
1 'What country you come from?' said Bill 'How long have you been here?' said Ann
3 'Are you working as well as studying?' asked Peter 'Have you got a work permit?' Bill wanted to know 'What are you going to study?' asked Ann 'Have you enrolled for more than one class?' said Peter 'Do you want to buy any second-hand books?' said Bill 'Have you seen the library?' asked Ann
(24)IV
Tom invited Ann to come for a drive the following day
Ann accepted with pleasure and asked where he was thinking of going He said he'd leave it to her
She suggested Stratford
adding that she hadn't been there for ages
Tom agreed and said that they might go on the river if it was a fine day Ann wondered what was on at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre
Tom said they'd find out when they got there
adding that it was usually possible to get seats on the day of the play 10 He asked Ann if she could be ready by ten
V
1 My friend said, "Are you going to leave tomorrow?" 2."Have you done your homework?", said my mother I asked Bill, "What time did you go to bed last night?" Paul said "I must go home now."
5."There's been an accident and the road is blocked", said the policeman "We are waiting for the school bus", said the children
7 Mary said, "My father died a year ago" 8."Must you go now?", said Mr Brown
9."Whose bicycle did you borrow yesterday?", his mother asked him 10."It isn't so foggy today as it was yesterday", said the teacher 11."Be modest if you are a good pupil", said my father
12."Shut the door but don't lock it" she said to us 13 Tom said, "New York is bigger than London"
EXERCISE 5: Turn these sentences into reported speech: “You took the money”, he said.(accuse)
(25)5 “I’ll drive you to the airport I insist.”, John said to Linda.(insist)
6 “I’m happy to hear that you have passed the final exam Congratulations!”, Jim said to me (congratulate) “It was nice of you to invite me to dinner Thank you.”, Miss White said to George (thank)
8 Don’t play with the matches.”, I said to Jack (warn… against)
9 “I’m sorry I didn’t phone you earlier.”, Margaret said to him.(apologize) 10 “I’ve always wanted to be a pilot.”, Paul said to his friends.(dream) 11 “You didn’t what I said.”, the mother said to her son (accuse) 12 The police said to the thief, “You broke the traffic rules.” (blame) 13 The student said , “I didn’t cheat in the exam.” (deny)
14 Tom said to Kate, “I would drive you to the station.” (insist)
15 Ba said to his father, “I broke the window glass this morning.” (admit) 16 “We should go for a picnic on Sunday.”, said Linda (suggest)
17 “I always want to be a rich man.”, said David (dream )
18 The manager told the visitors, “Don’t stay at the hotel near the airport.” (warn…… against / warn …to-inf) 19 “Let’s eat out tonight.’, said Tom (suggest)
20 “It’s too expensive to have dinner at a restaurant.”, Tom objected (object) 21 “I must have made a mistake in the calculations.”, said Mr Forest.(admit) 22 “I’ll pay for the meal.”, Sarah insisted (insist)
23 Neil told us, “Perhaps we can go to Paris for the weekend.” (suggest)
24 “I’m sorry I couldn’t come to visit you last summer.”, Kate said to her parents (apologize) 25 “I hear you won the championship Congratulations!”, Said Dane (congratulate)
26 “I wish I’d asked for his name and address.”, said Tom (regret) 27 James said to Daisy, “You are selfish.” (accuse)
28 “You mustn’t drink too much caffeine.”, Marta said to Martin (warn…… against / warn …to-inf))
29 “We should take the jumper back to the shop.”, Jack said to us.(recommend + O + to-inf / recommend + gerund) 30 “It’s not true! I have never been arrested by the police.”, Larry said (deny)
EXERCISE 6: Complete the following sentences without changing their meanings: The doctor said to me, “You should lose weight.” The doctor advised me Mary said, “Let’s go to a movie.” Mary suggested “I didn’t break the windows”, Bill said. Bill denied “You told a lie, Tom”, she said. She accused Tom
5 “I can’t go to your birthday party next Saturday evening, Jack”, said Mary. Mary apologized for “I won’t help you with your homework Never ! ” Jane said to me. Jane refused
(26)11 “If you don’t give me a pay rise I’ll resign.” She threatened 12 “I’ll finish the work by the end of this week.” John promised 13 “You ought to take a break, Andrew.” She advised 14 “Don’t forget to go to the supermarket after work.” They reminded 15 “Stay away from me.” Tom warned 16 “Why don’t we sing a few songs?” He suggested
17 “You can’t run out of the garden,” Ms Kelly said to the children. Ms Kelly prevented the children 18 “Are you the new manager, Daisy? Congratulations!” said Bill. Bill congratulated
19 “Please give me some more money, Mum,” Daisy said. Daisy insisted her mother 20 “You can stay in my house when I am on holiday.” Jim told us 21 “I’ve been spending a lot more time with my children.” He said 22 “John left here an hour ago.” She told me 23 “Oh, I’m too hot.” He said 24 “Are you enjoying yourself?” He wanted to know 25 “What’s the weather like?” She asked me 26 “Will Ted and Alice be at the party?” She asked us 27 “Does Ann always go to church on Sundays?” He wondered 28 “How can I solve the problem?” I wanted to know 29 “Did you study hard for the exam?” She asked 30 “What did you think of the performance yesterday? She asked me
Mệnh đề quan hệ A Grammar. I Relative clauses - Mệnh đề quan hệ
* Mệnh đề quan hệ hay đợc gọi mệnh đề tính ngữ, dùng để bổ nghĩa hay nói danh từ ngời, vật đứng trớc Mệnh đề quan hệ thờng bắt đầu đại từ quan hệ
1 Đại từ quan hệ: (relative pronouns): Gồm có đại từ quan hệ ngời - Who, Whom, That V àđại từ quan hệ chit vật - WHICH - Who: đại từ quan hệ ngời, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ ngời đứng vế trớc làm chủ ngữ cho mệnh đề sau Ex: I know a lot of people They live in Ho Chi Minh city
I know a lot of people who live in HCM city The boy is my son He is in red hat
The boy who is in red hat is my son
(27)
This is the girl who you wanted to meet last week
- Which: đại từ quan hệ ngời, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ vật đứng vế trớc làm chủ ngữ cho mệnh đề sau
Ex: I lost the pen It is red I lost the pen which is red
- Which : đại từ quan hệ ngời, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ ngời đứng vế trớc làm tân ngữ cho mệnh đề sau
ex: The book is for reference I bought it years ago
This book which I bought for years ago is for reference
2 Đại từ quan hệ sở hữu - Whose đại từ quan hệ sở hữu, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ ngời vế trớc làm tính từ sở hữu mệnh đề sau
Ex: The girl is very beautiful Her dress is red
The girl WHOSE dress is red is beautiful 3 Tr¹ng tõ quan hÖ: Where / When
- WHERE: trạng từ quan hệ nơi chốn, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ nơi chốn vế trớc làm trang ngữ nơi chốn mệnh đề sau
EX: Kim Lien is the village Uncle was born in this village
Kim Lien is the village WHERE Uncle Ho was born
- WHEN: trạng từ quan hệ thời gian bổ nghĩa cho danh từ thời gian vế trớc làm trang ngữ thời gian mệnh đề sau
Ex: Lunar New Year is the days Family member gather on that days
Lunar New Year is the days WHEN family member gather II Other forms: Một số dạng khác
7 Making suggestions:
S + suggest + V-(ing) +
S1 + suggest + (that) + S2 + should + V(infinitive) +
8 Adverbs clauses of concession: although/ though/ even though : (chỉ nhợng bé) Ex: He went to school although/ though/ even though he was tired
B Exercises
E1: Điền đại từ quan hệ (who, whom, which, whose) vào khoảng trống: The boys……… are playing in the garden are my cousins
He finally married the girl…… he loved
The flowers…….my friend gave me have withered Mary is the girl…… bicycle was stolen yesterday The vegetables…… Mr Green sells are not fresh Is this the book….you lost?
(28)The street… leands to my school is very wide
Your friend, …… name I can’t remember, made a lot of noise The rever from…….we get our water-supply is nearly empty
E2: Kết hợp cặp câu sau, sử dụng đại từ quan hệ Who, Whom, Which, Whose Alice is my friend Alice’s mother died last year
The boy will be punished He threw that stone
My sister wants to speak to you You met my sister yesterday The flowers were roses I bought the flowers for my sister Do you know the boy? He sat next to me at the dinner party Swimming makes people strong Swimming is a good sport
The woman is a nurse Wwe saw the woman’s daughter last week The man is the doctor My parents bought the man’s house
The car was very modern Mr Green was driving the car the paint on the chair is still wet You are sitting on that chair The man is a secretary You saw the man at the desk
The house was built twenty years ago We are living in the house The girl is very beautiful Her dress is red
Wiliam is my uncle I went fishing with Wiliam last Sunday Jane is a woman Jane is going to China next year
E3: Nèi c¸c cặp câu sau dùng cặp từ quan hệ When, Where. That’s the room The meeting is help in that room
I’ll always remember the day I first saw that sight on that day She was born in Malaysia Rubber trees grow well there
No one knows the school My uncle taught at that school 10 years ago Please ask them the time The train started the trip at that time
New Year’s Day is a day All family members gather and enjoy a family dinner then There are many hotels Tourists can enjoy their holidays there
We’ll take you to Dalat You can enjoy pure air there
You can’t enjoy hiking in winter Snow covers everything in winter The field is very fertile They plant potatoes in the field
EX1 Fill in the blank with : WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHERE, WHEN, WHOSE What is the name of the girl ……… is wearing a white blouse?
2 I don’t like food……… is very spicy
3 Do you see the girl ……… you told me last night?
4 Last week, I return to my home village……… I was born
(29)7 The hotel ……… we stayed wasn’t very clean Is there any thing……… I can do?
9 The girl ……… eyes are blue is Miss Lan
10 I enjoy reading the book……… my mother gave me on my last birthday EX2 Rewrite the sentences, using “ Relative Clauses”
1.This is the student I talked to him last night
2.She is taking about the girl The girl learn with her daughter
3.The lion tamer is rather tall Her hair is black
4.The chair was broken My father used to on it
5.Christmas Day is the day We often have festivals on it
6.The schoolyard was in bad condition We used to play on it
EX3 Use the relative pronouns to combine these sentences :
1.They are talking about the clowns The clowns made them
excited 2.I was sitting on the chair It suddenly
collapsed 3.The city was beautiful We spent our holidays
there 4.May Day is the day We will come on that
day 5.I saw some houses Most of them were still
good 6.You never tell me the thing You know
(30)7.The car was broken down The roof of the car was
damaged 8.Do you know her ? The girl is sitting behind
me EX4 Choose the best answer :
1 She feels tired and sleepy (so/ because/ but/ and) she stayed up late watching TV, last night
2 William suggested (to stay/ staying/ stay/ stayed) at home for a change What about (to go/ go/ going/ have gone) for a ride?
4 Can you turn (on/ off/ in/ for) the light? It’s too dark
5 If it is raining this evening, I (will go out/ don’t go out/ go out/ won’t go out)
6 The baby (laughed happy/ happily laughs/ laughed happily/ happy laughed) as she played with her toy
7 Who is going to (look for/ look up/ look after/ look out) your children when you are at work?
8 Mary’s eyes are weak (but/ however/ and/ therefore), she has to wear classes (Why don’t we/ I suggest/ How about/ Let’s) put all the guests on the first floor? 10 I am very tired (so/ because/ but/ and) I have to finish my homework before
going to bed
11 She missed the train (so/ because/ but/ and), she went to work late 12 Lan suggested (to go/ going/ go/ went) out
13 Let’s (to go/ go/ going/ have gone) for a ride
14 Can you turn (on/ off/ in/ for) the TV? I want to see the film
15 If it is raining tomorrow, I (will stay/ don’t stay/ stay/ won’t stay) at home 16 The baby (cried loud/ loudly cried/ cried loudly/ loud cried) as Ba picked her
up
17 Who is going to (look for/ look up/ look after/ look out) your house when you are out?
18 I was tired (but/ however/ and/ therefore), I went to bed
(31)20 Lan is very tired ( so/ because/ but/ and) she has to finish my homework before going out
21 Our teacher asked us ( to work / work / working ) hard for the exams
22 .We should (select /destroy / recycle / produce ) waste paper to save money and labor
23 They were amused ( in / at/ about / with ) the T.V programs ,last night 24 Oliver Twist and other boys in the orphanage were ( educated /
well-treated /ill-well-treated )
25 Oliver Twist was ( happy/ unhappy / beloved ) that he ran away to London Read and answer:
In many secondary schools in Britain, wearing uniform is compulsory Many schools say that there are many disadvantages to this system Most students don’t like school uniform They say that they don’t have a chance to change their clothes The main reason why most students don’t like school uniform is because most schools choose such colors and styles that don’t suit young people at all
1 Is wearing uniform in many secondary schools in Britain compulsory or optional? ………
2 Do most students like school uniform?
……… What they say?
……… Why most students dislike school uniform?
……… EX6 Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks :2
books, reading , research, small, developing , love, , reference, library cards ,library
(32)(6) the children’s intelligence and creating their (7) for (8)
EX7- Choose A, B, C, D to complete the passage:1,5
These days it is impossible to open a newspaper without reading about the damage we are doing to the environment The earth is being polluted (1)………the future looked bad (2)…… can each of us do? We cannot clean up our polluted rivers and seas overnight Nor we can stop the (3)……… of plants and animals But we can stop adding to the problem while scientists look for the answers
It may not be easy to change your lifestyle (4)……….but some steps are easy to take: cut down the amount of driving you do, or use as little plastic as possible It is also easy to save (5) ………., which also reduces the household bills We must all make a personal decision to work for the future of our earth if we want to ensure a better world (6)…………our grandchildren
1 A and B however C so D moreover
2 A where B when C why D what
3 A appear B
appearance
C disappear D
disappearan ce
4 A complete
B
completene ss
C
completely
D to complete A coffee B energy C money D health
6 A from B for C to D in
EX8 - Fill in the gap withsuitable word in the box
(33)Nowadays, people are destroying rain forests of the earth (17) It is estimated that every year 100,000 square kilometers of rain forests are destroyed for the supply of wood paper and fuel as well as for the (18) land Rain forests are very (19) for the world climate They receive the rainfall on the earth and produce a large amount of the world’s oxygen (20) rain forests, therefore, is destroying our environment Saving rain forests is an (21) problem Nations need (22) To save rain forests, if not it will be late
EX9- Read the passage and choose the best answers: (2pts)
People from North America and Europe are interested in saving natural (21) _ As the world’s energy resources (coal, gas, and oil) (22) limited, they try not to waste them Like foodstuff, water and electricity are (23) _in people’s lives, (24) they are used economically in most households Nowadays, most (25) _bulbs are replaced with energy-saving ones As a result, a lot of electricity is (26) , and the costs of the electricity (27) are reduced When buying a new appliance, consumers are often interested (28) knowing how energy-efficient each model is
21 A beauty B environnent C sources D ressources
22 A is B are C has D have
23 A necessities B luxuries C resources D appliances
24 A and B because C but D so
25 A light B standard C saving D cheap
26 A used B spent C saved D wasted
27 A bills B accounts C wastes D counters
28 A at B of C in D about
EX10 Read the following passage and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false
(F) (2 points)
There are many celebrations throughout the year in Viet Nam, but Tet or the Lunar New Year is the most important celebration for Vietnamese people Tet usually occurs in late January or early February A few days before Tet is the time for people to clean and decorate their homes During Tet, people, old and young, enjoyed special food cooked on the occasion of Tet It is also the time for family members to be together
T F
(34)2 Tet usually begins in early January
3 People often make their houses nice and new for Tet Tet is the time for family reunions
EX11 Correct the tense and form of the verbs.
My uncle (be) …………(1)…… an engineer He (be) …………(2)…… an engineer for 15 years He now (work) …………(3)…… in a factory in Binh Duong He like (play) …………(4)…… football He (go )
…………(5)…… to play football once a week at an amateur football club in the town Last month he (go) …………(6)…… to Singapore He (stay ) …………(7)…… in a hotel by the sea and (swim ) …………(8) …… a lot Since he (return) …………(9)…… home, I (not see) …………(10)…… him but I hear H (travel) …………(11)…… to France next week I hope to meet him soon
EX12: Each of the sentence has a mistake Find and correct it. If she will come this afternoon, we’ll take her to the Water Park ………
2 He might staying at home today because he isn’t very well ………
3 The boy which he met you yesterday in my closest friend ………
4 Linh didn’t send me any postcard since she went on holiday ………
5 My teacher suggested to give lessons to poor children ……… 1 The conditional sentence (C©u ®iỊu kiƯn)
Một câu điều kiện thờng có hai mệnh đề mệnh đề mệnh đề phụ (mệnh đề if) Mệnh đề phụ đặt trớc đặt sau mệnh đề
Có loại câu điều kiện sau:
I. Câu điều kiện loại 1: Dùng để diễn tả điều kiện xảy tơng lai
Mệnh đề phụ với If Mệnh đề chính
Simple present Simple future
Simple present Bare infinitive VÝ dô: If I have time, I shall visit you
(35)II. Câu điều kiện loại 2: Dùng để diễn tả điều kiện khơng có thật xảy tại Mệnh đề phụ với If Mệnh đề
Past Subjunctive
(To be chia were ngôi, động từ thờng chia khứ)
Would Could
Should + V Might
VÝ dô: If I had much money, I would buy a new bicycle (I don’t have money)
If you practised English every day, you could speak if fluently If I were you, I would not tell him about that
Exercises: Dùng hình thức cho động từ ngoặc: If you (go) away, please write to me
2 If he (eat) another cake, he will be sick
3 If it is convenient, let’s (meet) at nine o’clock I (not do) that if I (be) you
5 If he (take) my advice, everything can go well
6 He never does his homework If he (do) his homework, he (not worry) about his examination It’s too bad we lost the game If you (play) for us, we (win)
8 What you (do) if she refuses your invitation? If today (be)Sunday, we (go) to beach
10.They (make) fewer mistakes if they were more carefull 11 You (be) ill if you drilk that water
12.If Tom (go) to bed earlier, he would not be so tired 13.If it’s raining heavily, we (not go) for a donkey ride 14.If he (try) hard, he’ll pass the examination
15.I could understand the French teacher if she (speak) more slowly
2 Cách dùng động từ wish“ ”
Động từ “wish” (ớc ao, mong ớc) thờng đợc dùng để diễn tả ớc muốn, điều khơng có thật khó thực I. Future wish: (ớc muốn tơng lai)
CÊu tróc: S + wish(es) + S + Would + V VÝ dô: I wish I would go to the moon tomorrow
My mother wishes she would visit London some day II. Present wish: (íc mn ë hƯn t¹i)
Cấu trúc: S + wish(es) + S + V (động từ to be chia were/ động từ thờng chia khứ) Ví dụ: I wish I wree at the seaside now
He wiskes he could speak English fluently
Exercise 1: Đặt ớc muốn trái với nhũng kiện sau đây. I don’t have time to study
(36)4 They will leave for France next week We are not living in England
6 She won’t visit me began He is so stupid
8 My younger brother play in the street all day
Exercise 2: Dùng hình thức động từ ngoặc I wish I (see) that film on television again
2 We wish she (be) our teacher of English I wish our team (play) better next time I wish I (be) a lion tamer
5 I wish I (can) play the piano
6 The little boy wishes he (become) an acrobat when he grows up
3 Comparison (so s¸nh) I. So s¸nh b»ng nhau:
As + adj/adv + As = b»ng, nh Ex: John is as tall as tom
She runs as quickly as her brother Not as/ so… as = kh«ng b»ng Less…….than = kÐm h¬n Ex: He is not so good as his brother I am less rich than you
II So sánh hơn:
1 Đối với tính từ ngắn (có vần), tính từ có vần tận y, ow, er, trạng từ ngắn cã mét vÇn: Adj/ adv + er + + than = h¬n
Ex: Mr Brown is older my father He drives faster than I (do)
2 Đối với tính từ có vần trở lên có vần nhng tận y, ow, er trạng từ dài (trạng từ có vần trở lên, trừ early):
More + adj/adv + than = h¬n Ex: A car is more expensive than a bicycle II. So sánh nhất:
1 Đối với tính từ ngắn (có vần), tính từ có hai vần tận y, ow, er trạng từ ngắn (cã vÇn): The + adj/adv + est = nhÊt
Ex: Grandfather is the oldest in my family
2 Đối với tính từ có vần trở lên có vần nhng tận y, ow, er trạng từ dài (trạng từ có vần trở lên, trừ early):
The most + adj/adv = nhÊt.
Ex: This is the most difficult lesson in the book Một số trờng hợp đặc biệt tính từ trạng từ
(37)Good/ well Bad/ badly Many/ much Littele
Far
Better Worse More Less Farther Further
The best The worst The most The least The farthest The furthest Ex: This novel is better than that one
He speaks English worse than other students
Exercise: Đặt tính từ ngoặc dạng so sánh đúng. Gold is (precious) than iron
2 Cigarette paper is (thin) of all papers My bicycle is (expensive) as yours
4 The weather today is (warm) than the weather yesterday This film is not (good) as the one we saw last week Holidays are (pleasant) than working days
7 Which is ( high) mountain in your country? a horse is (strong) than a dog
9 Robert is (fat) than his brother
10.The Pacific is (large) ocean in the world 11 Is he (studious) as his sister?
12.My cold is (bad) today than it was yesterday 13.The story you told me was (funny) of all 14.Jane is the (little) athletic of all the women 15.Nobody is (happy) than Maria
III. Double comparative (so s¸nh kÐp)
The + comparative + S + V, the + comparative + S + V Ex: The hotter it is, the more misertable I feel
The higher we flew, the worse Emma felt
The sooner you leave, the earlier you will arrive at your destination The more + S +V, The + comparative + S + V
Ex: The more you study, the smarter you become The more money he spent, the poorer he became
Exercise: Kết hợp câu sau thành câu, dùng Double Comparative. They get fat They feel weak
2 He trains hard He feels strong The lesson is dificult We try hard The house is large It is expensive New Year comes near People are busy We produce much rice It is cheap
(38)8 We plant many trees We preserve much soil
9 The worker built good roads They needed a lot of equipment 10.The soil was poor The farmers try hard
4. “So / that vµ such / that” “ ” I So / that
Bắt đầu cho mệnh đề phụ kết
So + adj/ adv + that – clause ( … đến nỗi) Ex: The weather is so bad that I have to stay at home He spoke so fast that I didn’t understand him Muốn diễn tả ý nghĩa “quá nhiều… đến nỗi” ta dùng:
So many + danh từ đếm đợc, số nhiều + that – clause So much + danh từ khơng đếm đợc, số + that – clause Ex: He has so many books that he can’t read all of them There was so much noise that I couldn’t sleep
5 Such… that
Cũng bắt đầu cho mệnh đề phụ kết Tuy nhiên Such…that đợc dùng với danh từ thờng có tính từ bổ nghĩa đứng tr-ớc
Such + (a/an) +adj +Noun + that – clause. Ex: She is such a beautiful girl that everybody admires her It was such hot tea that I couldn’t drink it
They are such interesting books that we want to look at them again Exercise: Kết hợp cặp câu sau, dùng sothat, suchthat My friend is too sick He can’t go to school
2 The food was very good We finished it up in just a few minutes New York was a very big city Jane was lost in it
4 My neighbours are very bad persons They made noise all day
5 She bough too many things She couldn’t bring them home at a time She is quite poor She can’t buy a bicycle
7 He gave us very good advice All of us are thankful to him
8 There is too much furniture in the room We don’t have enough space for the meeting Lan was very busy She couldn’t go to the movies with us
10.Mr Green drank too much wine He got sick
6. “too… ”to or enough to I. too to : quákhông thể.
Hình thức “Too…to” đợc dỳng để nguyên nhân đa tới kết phủ định too + adj/ adv +to – infinitive.
Ex: He is too young to go to school She ran too slowly to catch the train
(39)Ex: The questions are too difficult for us to answer The box was too heavy for the children to carry
+ Nếu tân ngữ động từ theo sau thuộc ngòi vật với chủ ngữ động từ đI trớc ta khơng nhắc lại nó: Ex: The book is too expensive for us to buy (Không dùng It sau buy)
II: enough to“ …” đủ…để có thể.
Hình thức “enough to…” dùng để nguyên nhân đa tới kết tất nhiên Adj/ adv + enough to – infinitive.
Ex: He is sick enough to need a doctor
The policeman ran fast enough to catch the thief
+ Nếu động từ theo sau diễn tả việc đợc thực chủ ngữ khác với chủ ngữ động từ đI trớc, ta dùng: Adj/ adv + enough for somebody = to – infinitive
Ex: The exercises are easy enough for you to
He spoke English slowly enough for us to understand
+ Nếu tân ngữ động từ theo sau thuộc ngời vật với chủ ngữ động từ đI trớc, ta khơng nhắc lại nó: Ex: The questions were easy enough for me to answer
(kh«ng dïng THEM sau ANSWER)
+ Enough to cã thÓ dïng sau danh từ, thay sau tính từ mét phã tõ Ex: He has money enough to buy a new car
(He has enough money to buy a new car)
Exercise: Kết hợp câu sau, dùng tooto enough to These oranges are ripe You can eat them
2 He is strong He can carry this table
3 The house is large My family can live in it
4 It was very late They didn’t go to the party The dress is so dirty She can’t wear it
6 She is tall She can reach the top shelf Mr Brown isn’t rich He can’t buy a car
8 My grandmother is very weak She can’t go to walk
9 Forms of verb (dạng động từ) I To – infinitive (to V - đông từ nguyen thể có to): sử dụng trờng hợp sau: + Sau động từ: want, intend, đecie, offer, promise, refuse, wish,…
+ Sau c¸c tÝnh tõ: glad, happy, ready, kind,… + Sau phã tõ: : enough, too
+ Trong cÊu tróc: It + take+ O +(time) + to V
+ Trong cấu trúc: S + V + O + (not) + to V (với V là: ask, get, tell, advise, request,…) + Biểu đạt mục đích thay cho: “in order to”
II. Bare infinitive: sử dụng trờng hợp sau:
(40)+ Trong cấu trúc với V đông từ tri giác (see, smell, notice,…) III. Verb – ing: sử dụng trờng hợp sau:
+ Sau số động từ : avoid, dislike, enjoy, finish, keep, mind, practive, stop,…
+ Sau c¸c Phrasal Verbs: to be used to, to get accustomed to, to look forward to, to have a good time/ difficult/ trouble, to spend/ wasste time, to be busy, to be worth, it’s no use,…)
+ Trong cấu trúc với động từ động từ tri giác biểu đạt hành động tiếp diễn + Sau giới từ nh: about, of, with, without,…
IV. Past participle: đợc dùng trờng hợp sau: + Trong Present Perfect: Have + PP
+ Trong Passive Voise: Be + PP
+ Trong cấu trúc Causative Passive: Have + something + PP + Bắt đàu cho ngữ phân từ mang nghĩa passive
Exercise: Chia động từ ngoặc:
1 Tourists could see fish (swim) along the brook We enjoy (swim) along this river
3 The form teacher has asked Jack (write) an essay on the Thames It sometimes may be dificult (get) a taxi during rush-hours The rain has made th children (stop) their games
6 She tells th driver (take) her to the r©iy station
7 Does Mrs Green have them (carry) those books back home? The principal notied those pupils (try) harder and harder Children have just stopped (play) football
10.They keep (talk) about an old friend they met yesterday 11 Is Black Pool (visit) by thousands of tourist each year? 12.We hears Mr Brown (park) his car near the gate
13.They’ve finished (do) their homework
14.They had their house (paint) before Tet holidays 15.I advised him (wait) for me at the airport
16.Would you mind (help) me with this work? 17.Do you smell something (burn) in the kitchen?
18.Mother requests her daughter not (come) back home late 19.We shall have the grass (cut) tomorrow
20.They noticed lots of sheep (graze) in green meadows 10.Cách dùng số dạng thức đặc biệt.
I. It +(takes/ took/ will take) + (somebody/ something) + to – infinitive.
Hình thức đợc dùng diễn tả thời gian cần thiết để hoàn thành việc gì: Ex: It takes one hour to these exercises
It took me twenty minutes to walk to the station It will take the plane two hours to fly to Hanoi
(41)1 You will get there in about two hours I wrote this letter in thirty minutes
3 She learned to speak English well in only one year We study this book in six months
5 I wash and dress in less than twenty minutes every morning They finished the bridge in four years
7 Our bus will reach the city in half an hour My mother prepared the meal all morning She learned to swim in just a few days 10.Mr Brown wrote the report in five hours
II. “USE , USED TO , BE USED TO ” “ ” “ ” + USE: dïng, sư dơng
S + use + (something) + to – infinitive Ex: The farmers use these knives to cut the lawn This pen is use to write letters
+ USED TO: thờng,
S + used to + bare infinitive. Ex: He used to visit me on Sunday last year
I used to swim in this river when I was a child + Be (get) used to: quen víi
S + be (get) used to + V-ing (or Noun). Ex: He is used to getting up early
My mother gets used to hot weather
Exercise 2: Dùng hình thức động từ ngoặc He used to (do) research in this library
2 My mother used this knife (cut) an orange This farther is used to (cut) grass with a knife
4 When my grandfather was young, he used to (work) twele hours a day Is your borther used to (drive) a tractor?
6 She used a pencil (write) this letter Are they used to (swim) in the sea
8 John used to (be punished) by his teacher Is the wood pulp used to (make) paper? 10.I am getting used to (stay) up late III. Mét sè giíi tõ thêng gỈp: To be good/ bad at/ weak in
To be amazed/ amused/ delighted at To be interested in
To be excited about
(42)To run about To check in To tune in
To wait for, what…for? To listen to
To talk to sb about sth To live on
To be born into To be fond of
To look (for, at, up, down, into, forward to,) - Biside: bên cạnh = next to
- Between: ë gi÷a hai ngêi, hai vËt - In the middle: trung tâm - Among: ë gi÷a nhiỊu ngêi, vËt - To/ on the left of: bên trái - To/ on of the right of: bên phải - Up:
- Down: di - About: - To: đến đâu - From: từ đâu đến - After: sau
- By: b»ng PT
- From… to: từ…đến
- Above >< beneath: phía >< phía dới - Inside >< outside: bên >< bên ngồi IV. Các tính từ đợc theo sau giới từ. - Somebody: ngời , Something: vật, thứ - Get up: thức dạy
- Look at sb/ sth = take care of= care of: chăm sóc, trơng nom - Go to some where: đến đâu
- Go with sb: với - Go on a trip: du lịch - Stay at home: nhà - Wait for sb: đợi
- Put on >< take off: mặc vào >< cëi - Listen sb/ sth: l¾ng nghe
(43)- Gald to sth: vui mõng lµm g× - Tired of sth: mƯt mái
- Prefer sth to sth: thích - Pick sb up: đón
- Sure of sth: ch¾c ch¾n
- Agree with sb: đồng ý với
- Good at sth >< bad at sth: tốt >< xấu - Good for sb >< bad for sb: tèt cho >< xÊu cho - Thanks to: nhê
- Disapointed with sth: thất vọng - Delighted with sth: vui sớng với - Satisfied with sth: tho¶ m·n
- Capable of doing sth = to be able to: đủ khả làm - Famous for sth: tiếng với
- Apologize to sb: xin lỗi
- Apologize sb for sth: xin lỗi
- Complain to sb about sth: than phiỊn víi vỊ
- Provide sb with sth: cung cấp cho = supply sb with sth - Dream about sb: m¬ thÊy
- Dream of doing sth: nằm mơ làm - Think about sth: nghĩ - Think of sth: nghĩ ra, nhí
- Remind sb about sth: nhắc đừng quên làm - Remind sb of sht: làm cho nhớ tới - Sorry about sth: xin li
- Sorry for doing sth: xin lỗi làm việc - Amazed at sth: ngạc nhiên = surprise
- Congratulated sb on sth: chóc mõng vỊ viƯc g× - Bored with = fed up with: buån, ch¸n
- Busy with: bËn - Seek for st: tìm kiếm
- Strick for sb: nghiêm kh¾c víi
- To get accquainted with sb: làm quen với - Useful for sth: hữu ích
(44)