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Nhff vay, ket qua phan tich hdi quy cho tha'y, ngoai trff bien Dao tao va phat trien (gia tri Sig. >0.05), cac bien cdn lai, bao gdm: Quan he ddng nghiep; Quan ly; Ban chat cdng vi[r]
(1)Yeu to anh hu'dng den moi tru'ofng lam viec ya mu'c hai long
trong cong viec cua ngu'ofi lao dong tai cac doanh nghiep nho va vufa
d Nghe An
TRAN QUANG BACH*
Tom tat
Nghien cdu xem xet md'i quan he givta cdc ye'u tdcda mdi trUdng ldm viec, bao gom: Thu nhap; Diiu kien ldm viec; Qudn ly; Quan he dong nghiep; Bdn chdt cdng viec; Ddo tqo vd thdng tie'n vdi mdc hdi long cdng viec cda ngUdi lao dgng Cdc md'i quan he ndy dugc kiem dinh vdi quymd mdu Id 178 lao dgng ldm viec tqi cdc doanh nghiep nhd vd vda (DNNW) d Nghe An Ket qud nghien cdu cho thdy, ngoqi triXyeu toDdo tqo vd thdng tie'n cdng viec, cdc yeu td cdn lai diu cd dnh hudng de'n mvtc hdi long cdng viec cda ngUdi lao dgng Trong dd, yeu td Qudn ly vd Md'i quan he dong nghiep cd dnh hudng ldn nhdt
Tuf khoa: doanh nghiep nhd vd vda, Nghe An, mdi trudng ldm viec, thu nhap Summary
The research examines the relationship between satisfaction level of employees in the work and the elements of working environment including: Income; Working condition; Management; Colleague relationship; Nature of work; Training and promotion These relationships are verified with a sample size of 178 employees working in small and medium enterprises in Nghe An province The results show that except for the factor of training and promotion, the remaining factors affect the level of satisfaction in the work ofthe employees In particular, the factor of Management and Colleague relationship have the greatest impact
Keywords: small and medium enterprise, Nghe An province, working environment, income
Gidl THIEU
DNNVV la loai hinh doanh nghiep chie'm ty le ldn va ddng vai trd quan trpng tdng sd' doanh nghiep Viet Nam ndi chung va tinh Nghe An ndi rieng Sif tdn tai va phat trien ciia loai hinh doanh nghiep cd ddng gdp ldn viec tao viec lam, thu nhap va dn dinh nen kinh te tinh Nghe An, cung nhff tren ca nffdc
Tuy nhien, cd mdt thtfc te dang dien la, mffe dp hai long cdng viec tha'p chinh la mdt nhffng nguyen nhan ehii ye^u anh hffdng den ket qua lao ddng hien tai cac DNNVV d Nghe An De ed the hieu sau sac ve mffe dp
hai ldng cdng viec ciia lao ddng, dieu can thiet phai tim hieu la nhffng ye'u td nao tac ddng den nd? Chinh vi vay, bai viet thife hien nghien cffu cac yeu td' anh hffdng den mdi trffdng lam viec va mffe dp hai ldng cdng viec cua ngffdi lao ddng tai cac DNNVV d Nghe An Tren cd sd dd, tac gia dffa mdt sd' kien nghi nham giup cac doanh nghiep thuc day ddng life lam viec cho nhan vien td't hdn thdng qua viec tao sff hai ldng cdng viec ciia hp, tff dd gdp phan nang cao hieu sua't lam viec va hieu qua ciia td chffc
CO s d LY THUYET VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CLfU
Casdly thuyet
Cd rat nhieu dinh nghTa khac ve sff hai long cdng viec va nd thffdng thien ve trang thai cam xiic hoac tinh
* ThS., Trffdng Dai hoc Vinh I Email: tbachl52008@gmail.com
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 25/10/2018; Ngdy phdn bien: 10/11/2018; Ngdy duyet ddng: 19/11/2018
(2)HINH: MO HINH NGHIEN CCTU Thu nhap
Dieu ki^n l^m viec
Q u a n Iy
Q u a n he d o n g nghiep
Ban chat cong vifc
Oao tao va th3ng t i i n
Bien kiem soat:
Giffi tinh D o tuoi
Mu-c a o hai long trong cong viec
Nguon: Dk xuat cua tac gia
BANG 1: DANH sACH CAC BIEN vA CHI BAO
STT Code NOidune Ban chat cons viec (CV)
1 2 3 4 5 6
CVl CV2 CV3 CV4 CVS CV6
Cong viec pliu hdp vcfi tilnli ctiuyen mon va kv nang dao tao Hieu ro ve cong viec
Cho phep suf dung tot cac nang lufc cua ca nhan Du'dc kich thich de sang tao cong viec Cong viec co nhieu thil thach thii vi
Thdi gian lam viec phii hdp
Thu nhap 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TNI TN2 TN3 TN4 TN5 TN3 TN4
Lu'dng tu'dng xiJng vdi ke't qua cong viec Lu'dng phii hdp vdi dong gop
Lu'dng phil hdp vdi nang life cua ban than Lu'dng, thu'dng va phu cap phan phoi cong bang Thu nhap dam bao cuoc song
Thu'dng xiJng dang vdi hieu suat lam viec Phu cap cong ty hdp ly
Dao tao va thang tien 1
2 3 4 5 6
DTI DT2 DT3 DT4 DT5 DT6
Difdc dao tao day du cac ky nang chuyen mon Difdc tao dieu kien hoc tap nang cao chuyen mon Cd hoi phat trien ca nhan
Cd hoi thang tien cho ngifdi co nang life Chinh sach dao tao cong bang
Chinh sach thang tien cong bang
Quan ly 1 2 3 4 5
QLl QL2 QL3 QL4 QL5
Lanh dao quan tam de'n cap dtfdi
Nhan difdc su' ho trd ciia lanh dao cong viec Lanh dao do'i xii' cong bang vdi cap dtfdi
Lanh dao cd nang lu'c, tam nhin va kha nang dieu hanh tot Ke' hoach va nhiem vu r5 rang
Quan he d6ng nghiep 1
2 3 4 5
DNl DN2 DN3 DN4 DNS
Dong nghiep san sang giiip dd Dong nghiep phoi hdp tot lam viec Dong nghiep rat than thien
Dong nghiep dang tin cay
Canh tranh lanh manh cong viec
Di^u kien lam vi§c 1
2 3 4 5
DKl DK2 DK3 DK4 DK5
Moi tru'dng lam viec sach se, dam bao ve sinh Lo lang ve viec mat viec lam
Lam viec dieu kien an toan
Lam viec moi tnfdng day du tien nghi h6 trd cho cdng viec Ap life cdng viec khong qua cao
Hai long c6ng vi§c
1
HLl HL2 HL3
Cam tha'y hai long lam viec Can bd lau dai ciing cdng ty
Cam tha'y ttf tin gidi thieu ve cong ty
Tdng tidp nghien cu'u cua tac gia
than eua mdt ngffdi Locke, E A (1976) cho rang, "Sff hai long cdng viec la mdt trang thai cam xue thu vi hoac tich cifc tff ket qua tham dinh cdng viec hoac kiiih nghiem lam viec cua mpt ngffdi." Tffdng tff nhff vay, Arnold va cdng sif (1986) nh& manh, "Sff hai long cdng viec se difcfc dinh nghTa la so Iffdng anh hffdng tich cifc ndi chung hoac (cam xue), ma cac ca nhan cd ddi vdi cdng viec cua minh."
Hackman va cdng sff (1976) nghien cffu ddng life ndi tai cua nhan vien da md ta trang thai mpi ngffdi co gang lam viec td't bdi cdng viec dang lam va mang lai sff thda man nhff la mpt dong life npi tai Cac tac gia cho rang, yeu to mang lai sif thda man cho nhan vien chinh la ban than cdng viec, nhff: Cdng viec co Slf phan hdi; Nhan vien dffdc tff chu cdng viec; Cdng viec cd ket qua nhin thay rd; Tam quan trpng cua cdng viec; Cong viec phat huy da dang ky nang
Spector, P E (1985) nghien cifu ve mffe dp hai long cdng viec tog dung cac td chffc dich vu va cac to chffc phi ldi nhuan da xay dffng mo hinh rieng, bao gdm: Lffdng; Cd hdi thang tien; Dieu kien lam viec; Sif giam sat; Dong nghiep; Cdng viec yeu thieh; Giao tiep thdng tin; Phan thffdng bat ngd; Phiic Id
Nghien effu eua Stringer va cpng sif (2011) cho tha'y, ngffdi lao ddng cam nhan khdng dffdc tra cdng xffng dang vdi nhiihg nd life cua hp cdng viec va dieu da anh hffdng den ddng life lam viec noi tai cua hp Tuy nhien, nghien cffu cua Chiu, R (1999) tim hieu mdi quan he giffa tam trang tich cifc (positive effectivity) va ddng life lam viec dffdc phan anh thdng qua sif tac ddng gian tiep eua sff cam nhan ve cong bang chi tra Iffdng, sif hai long ve tien Iffdng va hai long ve cdng viec
M Ruble va cpng sff (2014) da chi mdi quan he giffa phong each va ddng life cua ngffdi quan ly Ket qua nghien cifu cho tha'y, yeu td chi phdi cho ddng life ciia nha quan ly la sif tham gia cua hp vao viec quyet dinh, khien hp cam tha'y cd trach nhiem t h e m vao dd, hp tha'y phan diifdng vat chat la yeu td thuc day dang ke, dong thdi cac nha quan ly d eac cap quan ly khae ed cac phong each lanh dao khac phan ffng khac vdi tac ddng cua cae yeu to quan trpng cua ddng life
Ed Michael wi cpng sif (2000) nghien cffu ciia minh ciing da dffa cac de xua't ed gia tri cho nha quan ly, la: (1) Thiet ke cdng viec linh ddng, tao cho
(3)Kinhte
va DiTliao
nhan vien tinh chu ddng sap xep cdng viec, giam ap life giup hp cd the can bang giffa cdng viee va eupc sd'ng gia dinh; (2) Nha quan ly cap trung la quan trpng, can xay dffng mdi quan he giffa cac cap cdng ty va van hda phdng ban cd y nghTa quan trpng
Difa vao ed sd ly thuyet tren, tac gia de xua't md hinh nghien cffu nhff Hinh
Phuang phdp nghien cdu
Nghien cffu sff dung phffdng phap phan tich dinh Iffdng, tren cd sd muc tieu, nghien cffu tien hanh xay difng phieu khao sat danh gia mffe dp hai ldng cua ngffdi lao ddng Quy md mlu bao gom 178 lao ddng den tff cae DNNVV khac tren dia ban tinh Nghe An Sd phieu phat 202 phie'u, so' phieu thu ve va hdp le la 178 phie'u So lieu khao sat sau lam sach, chay phan mem SPSS Thdi gian nghien cffu tff thang 09 den thang 10/2018 (Bdi vie't sddung cdch vie't
sd thdp phdn theo chudn qud'c te)
Nghien cffu sff dung thang Likert vdi bien va mffe dp danh gia bien bao gdm bien phu thudc (Hai ldng cdng viee) va bien ddc lap (Thu nhap; Dieu kien lam viec; Quan ly; Quan he ddng nghiep; Ban chat cdng viec; Dao tao va thang tien) (Bang 1)
KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU Kiem dinh Cronbach's Alpha
Ket qua phan tich kiem dinh Cronbach's Alpha cho tha'y, he so Cronbach's Alpha cua ta't ca cac bien deu thda man yeu cau (>0.7) Dieu chffng td, dp tin cay cua thang Iffa chpn md hinh Tuy nhien, chi bao DTI cd he sd Cronbach's Alpha la 0.851 ldn hdn he sd Cronbach's Alpha cua bien DT (0.849), vay bien bi loai bd (Bang 2)
Phdn tich nhdn to khdm phd (EFA)
Qua trinh phan tich EFA dffdc thffc hien hai lan Ket qua phan tich cho tha'y, cac chi bao TN4, TN7, CV6, DK2, DK5, DT5, DT6, TN6 bi loai cd dp tin cay khdng cao (Bang 3)
Sau phan tich EFA va loai bd cac chi bao khdng thich hdp, tac gia tien hanh danh gia lai dp tin cay cua thang Ket qua cho thay, dp tin cay ciia cac thang cdn lai phu hdp (he so Cronbach's Alpha deu ldn hdn 0.7)
Phdn tich tUOng quan
Ket qua phan tich tffdng quan cho tha'y, ta't ca cac bien deu cd tac ddng ddc
BANG 2: D A N H GIA DO TIN CAY CUA THANG DO THONG QUA HE SO CRONBACH'S ALPHA
STT 1 2 3 4 S 6 7
Bien
Ban chat cong viec Thu nhap
Dao tao va thang tien Quan ly
Quan he dong nghiep Dieu kien lam viec Hai long cong viec
Ky higu
CV TT DT QL DN DK
HL
H^ s6' Cronbach's Alpha
0.808 0.834 0.851 0.840 0.888 0.732 0.852
Nguon: Ket qua nghien cifu cua tac gia BANG 3: KET QUA PHAN TICH NHAN TO EFA
PhSn tich EFA
Lan Lan
He so KMO
0.877 0.869
P-value
0.000 0.000
Phffrfng sai trich
66.988 67.513
H$ s6' tai nh&n td'
Ta't ca >0.5 Ta't ca >0.5
Kg't luan
Loai bd nhan to' Du dieu kien phan tich
BANG 4: HE SO TUdNG QUAN GICJfA CAC BIEN TRONG MO HINH
Hai long CV
Quan he dong nghiep Quan ly
Ban chat cong viec Thu nhap
Daq tao va thang tie'n Dieu kien lam viec
DN 567"
OL 638" 444"
CV 470'' 323" 360"
TN 456" 338" 418" 275"
DT 517" 405" 563" 365" 383"
DK 563" 447" 488" 434" 330" 402"
Nguon: Tdng hdp tLf ket qua phan tich
lap den mffe dp hai ldng cdng viec, giffa cac bien cd md'i tffdng quan kha chat vdi (Bang 4) VT vay, de dam bao mffe dp chinh xac, can phai xem xet ky lai vai trd cua bien ddc lap tren md hinh hdi quy da bie^n bang each xem xet mffe dp tac ddng cua tffng bien ddc lap den bien phu thudc
Ket qua phan tich hdi quy cho tha'y, khdng cd hien tffdng da cdng tuyen, vi he so phdng dai phffdng sai VIP deu nhd hdn Dieu chffng td, mffe dp chinh xac ciia ket qua kiem dinh md hinh va dff lieu thu thap (Bang 5) Nhff vay, ket qua phan tich hdi quy cho tha'y, ngoai trff bien Dao tao va phat trien (gia tri Sig >0.05), cac bien cdn lai, bao gdm: Quan he ddng nghiep; Quan ly; Ban chat cdng viec; Thu nhap; Dao tao va thang tien; Dieu kien lam viec deu cd anh hffdng de'n mffe dp hai long cdng viec ciia ngffdi lao ddng (gia tri Sig deu < 0.05) He sd'R^hieu chinh la 0.575 Dieu cd nghTa la, cac bien ddc lap dffa vao anh hffdng 57.5% sff thay ddi ciia bien phu thudc (hai ldng cdng viec)
Phffdng trinh hdi quy thu dffdc:
HL = 0.234*DN + 0.297*QL-^ 0.147*CV + 0.122*TN-{-0.176*DK
De danh gia cd hay khdng sff khac ve mffe dp hai ldng cdng viec ciia ngffdi lao ddng theo tffng nhdm dp tudi va gidi tinh Nghien cffu, sii" dung kiem dinh ANOVA va T-Test Md hinh kiem dinh ANOVA sff dung vdi bien nhdm tudi, nhdm I tff 21 den 30 tudi, nhdm II tff 31 den 40 tudi, nhdm III tff 41 den 50 tudi, nhdm IV tren 50 Vdi kiem dinh T-Test sii" dung cho bien gidi tinh Ke^t qua cho tha'y, khdng cd sff khac biet
(4)BANG 5: KET QUA PHAN TICH HOI QUY CAC NHAN TO TAC DONG DEN MCfC DO HAI LONG TRONG CONG VIEC CUA NGtfCil LAO DONG STT
1
BiS'n ddc l$p
Quan he dong nghiep Quan iy
Ban chat cong viec Thu nhap
Dao tao va thang tie'n Dieu kien lam viec
H$ sd' h6i quy chu^n hoa Beta
.234 297 147 122 084 176
Sig
.000 000
.010
.031 181 005
H$ s6' phong dai vrfefng sai VTP
1.434 1.795 1.329 1.307 1.623 1.574 Nguon: Tdng hdp ttf ke't qua phan tich
ve mffe dp hai ldng cdng viec ciia ngffdi lao ddng theo gidi tinh va dp tudi (gia tri Sig deu > 0.05)
KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHj
Ke't qua nghien cffu cho tha'y, cd yeu td' tac ddng de^n mffe dp hai long cua ngffdi lao ddng tai cac DNNVV d Nghe An, gdm: Quan he ddng nghiep; Quan ly; Ban chat cdng viec; Thu nhap; Dao tao va thang tien; Dieu kien lam viec Trong dd, yeu td' Quan ly ed tac ddng manh nha't Nghien cffu cung cho tha'y, yeu td Dao tao va thang tien khdng cd tac ddng den mffe dp hai ldng ciia ngffdi lao ddng tai cac doanh nghiep
^ Nghien cffu cung chi rang, khdng cd sff khac biet ve mffe dp hai long cdng viec ciia ngffdi lao ddng theo gidi tinh va dp tudi Day la nhffng ddng gdp cd gia tri giup cac nha quan ly nang cao nhan thffc va dffa cac giai phap hffu hieu hdn nham tang ket qua thffc hien cdng viec thdng qua viec thda man tdt hdn nhu cau va dem lai sif hai long cho ngffdi lao ddng Tren cd sd ket qua nghien cffu, tac gia dffa mdt sdkien nghi, dd la:
Thii nhdt, vi qudn ly, can chu trpng hdn tdi viec nang
cao nang life quan ly, dieu hanh cac DNNVV Xay difng cac ke hoach, nhiem vu rd rang Cac chinh sach, quyet dinh phai dffdc thdng bao cdng khai, cu the den toan bd nhan vien cac DNNVV Nha quan ly cung can quan tam va hd trd tdt hdn tdi nhan vien cap dffdi va
ngffdi lao ddng tren ed sd tim hieu nhu cau va muc tieu thffe te ciia tiihg ca nhan cae DNNVV
Thd hai, vi quan he dong nghiep, cln
thuc day cac rndi quan he giffa cac dong nghiep frong td chffc Tao van hoa lam viec chuyen nghiep, xay dffng bau khong than thien, tang cffdng sff hd trd va phoi hdp tdt cdng viec giffa cac ca nhan va bd phan td chffc Ngoai ra, nha quan ly cung can tao mdt mdi trffdng canh tranh lanh manh, giam thieu cac yeu to mang tinh tieu cffc cac mdi quan he
Thd ba, vi diiu kien ldm viee trang bi
day du eac phffdng tien hd trd cho qua trinh lam viec, tao mdi trffdng lam viec ludn sach se, dam bao ve sinh va an toan nham giup ngffdi lao ddng cam thay an tam hdn de tang cffdng nd life cho qua trinh lam viec
Thd tu, vi bdn chd't cdng viec, tang tinh
hap din cdng viec cua nhan vien, kich thich sif sang tao cdng viec Bo tri lao ddng hdp ly, phu hdp vdi tiinh dp chuyen mdn va ky nang nham giup nhan vien sff dung td't cae the manh, nang life cua ea nhan va ddng gdp cho td chffc
Thd ndm, ve thu nhap, cac DNNVV
can cd chinh sach tra Iffdng va thu nhap hdp ly dffa tren ket qua thffc hien cong viec, ddng gdp cua hp cho td chffc va nang li^c cua ban than Cac nha quan ly cung can quan tam den nhu cau cuoc sdng cua ngffdi lao ddng Dam bao nguon thu nhap ma hp nhan cdng ty cd the can bang dffdc vdi eupc sd'ng cua ca nhan va gia dinh nham tao hai ldng va gan bo lau dai vdi cdng ty cua ngffdi lao dong.O
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dung nghien cuu, Nxh Bai hoc Kinhte Quoc dan Ha Ndi
I ^J"^*'!:."- ^- ^""^ P^ldman, D C (1986) Organization Behavior, New York
3 M Buble, A Juras, I Matic (2014) The relationship between managers' leadership styles andmotivation,Mana^eme/7?, 19(1), 161-193
t h t f P ! " ' f ^ ' (^^^^^^-?°^.^ perception of pay equity, pay sastifaction and job satisfaction mediate
fT^T^frT^^fTTZ ""^ "^""'^ "motivation Social Behavior and Personality, 28 (2), 177-184
5 Ed Michael, Helen Hanhdfnen and Beth Axeh-od (2000) The war far talent, Mckmsey & Company Thenrv'^ \ and Olham, G R (1976) Motivation Through the Design of Work: Test of a
theory Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2) 250-279
H J H h n n w ; T ^ H ^ ^T^^-J^' ^''^"''^ ''"'^ ^^^""^^ ^/"^^^ Satisfaction, Dunnette, M.D., Ed., Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1297-1343
thP^To?<?.?°f ^;- ^' i^^^^^- ^^a^"^^"ment of Human Service Staff Satisfaction: Development of the Job Satisfaction Survey, Ammcan/o«ma/o/Comm«n/o^ P.K/.o^^^^^
line e m Z e e s n / ? f p' '^ ^^^1 ^^^ ^^^ivation, pay satisfaction, and job satisfaction of front-line employees Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 8(2), 161-179
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