Nhit vay, giao due va dao tao con ngUdi phai toan dien, trinb dp ebuyen mon cao phai phat trien tren nen dao diic, mdi cd th§ xay dung dxtqc mot cupe song tot dep, nhan ai, lam cho da[r]
(1)TRUYEN THONG VA HIEN DAI TRONG GIAO DUC
• • • 6 Nirdc TA
O S Vu T u y e n Hoang
Trong bat ky linh vUc nao ve khoa hpc va cong nghe, eung n h u ve kinh te -xa hoi, deu c6 sit ke thiia truyen thong va phat trien tren cd sd hien dai boa Trong linh vUc giao due eung the, truyen thong va hien dai luon luon la cai nen cd ban cho sit phat trien, giao due dao tao ngxtdi Ta thitdng noi the ky 21 la the ky ciia sU phat trien tri tue nhan loai Cung v6i the gi6i ta luon luon nhan manh cac cong nghe cao nhit cong nghe thong tin, cong nghe sinh hpc, tit dpiig boa, vat lieu m6i, xa hoi thong tin se tao ra mot "nen cong nghiep sinh thdi" (tieu ton it vat tit, it phe thai, bo tri plian tan tren vUng lanh tho) Vi vay, c6 quaii diem cho rang can phai xem lai hpc van pho' thong triiiig hpc, can triie lai ehitdng trinb va npi dung day hpc, phat trien cho dupe d hpc sinh pbitdng phap tit sang tao, v.v Xa hoi dang tien t6i "xd hpi
hpc tap" Mpi iigitdi deu di hpc di hpc thitdng xuyen, suot ddi D6 la mot xa hpi
phat trien tren cd sd giao diie Giao diic dan tri cang dong vai tro quyet dinh sU phat trien, tao "quyen li/c tri tue"
Tat ca nhitng y titdng tren deu diuig pham vi nbat dinh Nbitng neu chi nhan manh nbUng y titdng nbit vay, tbi ehita the giao due, dao tao ditpc nbitng cong dan c6 ditc, c6 tai hUu ich cho xa hpi Cac cong nghe noi tren la nbiUig mui nhpn ciia khoa hpc va cong nghe hien dai iibam tao ciia cai vat chat the ky sau Tuy nbien linh vUc vat chat ddi song ngitdi la bet site tong hdp va eon mot linh vUe v6 eiuig qiian trpng nhieu mang tinb quyet djiib, la Huh vitc ddi song tinb than Ca hai linh vite ddi song: vat chat va tinb than, deu phai boa quyen Ian iihau, tac dpng \kn nbau tao sU hai boa moi cong dan sU on djnb boa binh binh ddng va nhan mot xa hpi phat trien cao - dat iiitdc ta da cd ban hoan cong nghiep boa vk hien dai boa
(2)Thuc t ^ cho t h a y sU p h a t trien cua cong nghiep, la cong nghiep hi$n dai nhitng nu6c dUdc gpi la phat trien cao, dUdc t i n b bang viec nang cao ddi song v a t chat va tinb than, c6 thu n h a p GDP binh quan dau ngUdi b miic cao, t n n h dp dan tri (chii yeu la trinb dp tri thiic va trinb dp thu n h a n thong tin mdi) dat dUdc miie dp tUdng doi cao so v6i cac nUdc cham p h a t trien NhUng xa hpi kinh te tbi trUdng da p h a t trien den miie c6 r a t nhieu to chitc kinh te, thUdng mai, ngan hang xuyen quoc gia, canh t r a n h v6i n b a u cUc ky quyet liet, da phat sinh v6 eiing nhieu nhiing hien tUdng tieu cUc, bat cong, v6 n h a n dao, mac dii b etta mieng ngUdi ta luon luon noi va de cao n h a n ai, binh dang xa hpi cac quoc gia p h a t trien cao, thUdng xuyen dien cupe dau t r a n h bao ve quyen Idi ciia nhiing ngitdi ngheo chong lai sU ap biic, b6c lot ciia nhUng ngitdi giau Mot so nU6c de cao viec bao ve moi trUdng sinh thai, bao ve cac loai dpng v?it, cac loai chim hoang da, bao ve quyen song cua nhiing ch6, eon meo, nhimg nit6c day ray nhiing hanh dpng bao lUc, lai eon mang quan di xam cbiem, giet hai da man ngitdi d cac nitdc khac Ngbich ly to 16n ay h a n g h a n g gid cU sitng siing trit6c mat chiing ta, nhitng quan he dUa tren site m^nb nay, r a t nhieu trUdng hdp mpi ngUdi khong n6i len ditde Da eo mot n h a n vat noi ti§'ng cong cupe bao ve boa binh noi v6i toi ve mot dat nit6c sieii citdng ve kinh te: "Ngitdi dan nit6c toi canh tranh v6i nbau suot dem, de mua sail, bay cai may dien tit ve nba, khong biet de lam gi, nhitng tinb ngitdi tbi khong eon niia Viet Nam cac anb eon ngheo, nhitng c6 tinb ngitdi" Doi v6i Vi^t Nam chung ta, can noi ay r a t dang cho suy nghi, dae biet ve mat giao due ngitdi
Trd lai van de truyen thong va hien dai giao due ci nit6c ta Tit hang ngan n a m nay, to tien ta thitdng nhSc di nb^c lai nhiing cau n h u "Tien hpc IS, hau
hpc van ", "Ton si/ trpng dao", "Nhat tU vi sit, ban tit vi sit", nhSc nhd eon chau lay
(3)cong dan e6 ditc, c6 tai Hieu ve rftifc c6 nhieu y kien khac nbau Theo ehiing toi,
ditc bao gom npi dung rat phong phii nhieu mat, tntdc bet phai dat dao ly lam
ngUdi, la mot ngitdi xUng dang thdi dai minh khong nhat thiet phai dat chite vu nay, chile vu kia, ma phai xitng dang, lam tot trach nbiem cUdng vi ciia minh doi vdi xa hpi Ren liiyen de trd ngitdi c6 di'tc la khong de dang, la sU ren luyen tU nho gia dinh nha tritdng va xa hpi cho den li'ic tritdng thanh, bitdc vao ddi, phat trien dxWc cai ditc suot ddi Nen giao due cua ta c6 trach nbiem giao due tre em tU tuoi man giao, den trUdng thong, roi dai hpc sau dai hpc, hoae cac tritdng cao dSng chiiyen nghiep Viec de cao giao due ve diic, cac mon hpc nhit Giao due cong dan, Lich sit, Dia ly Triet hpc Lieb sit Dang, v.v dang ditde nganh giao due coi trpng Tuy nbien, hpc sinh va sinh vien chita thUe sU coi trpng cac mon hpc Nhieu van de ditde giang day nha tritdng hau nhu chita giai thich ditde tat ca cac hien titdng xa hpi hang ma cac em thay, cac hien titpng tieu cite ngitdc lai v6i nbi'tng dieu cac em da hpc Vi vay, viec giao due ve dUc d nha tritdng chita dii doi v6i cac em, vi mot tritdng hpc rpng 16n doi vdi cac em la xa hpi cU tac dpng hang gid, bang Dii sao, phai cong nhan cai chinh nghia cac tang Idp nhan dan xa hpi noi chung la cd ban, cai ta, cai khong chmh nghia mdi la mot bp phan Tuy nbien, mat trai ciia xa hpi la mot kh6 khan Idn doi vdi hieu qua giao due dao diic ciia nha tritdng, gay nhiing hien titdng dang tiec nhit v6 le doi vdi thay eo, gian ddi, bao lUe Da thay cd sit Ian sail ro ii6t ciia nhftng tieu cite ciia xa hpi tit ban, chung ta nhan manh phat trien kinh te - xa hpi theo dinh hitdng xa hpi ehii nghia Cung can phai xem x6t ve mat npi bp nganh giao due, cac tritdng hpc, de cd the dieu chinh, cai tien npi dung giang day, cai tien he thong to ebitc va quan ly, nang cao tinb tit giae, tit quan ciia hpc sinh, sinh vien Mdi thdi <tai cd nbi'tng hoan canh khac nbau, nbimg cd chan ly va tieu chuan dao dUe khong bao gid thay doi de danh gia mot eon ngitdi Giao due nhan each theo tit titdng Ho Chi Minh
"Nhdn, Nghia, Tri, Dung, Liem" la tit titdng bat diet, day la tit titdng tieu bie\i
ciia Viet Nam, can ap dung vao titng dieu kien eii the Cd the tdm tit npi dung giao due em chung ta la: giao due nen ngitdi va lam ngitdi
Tren day, chung toi da trinb bay mot so y kieii ve giao diic di/c Cdn ve mat
tai, van de eung bet site tong bpp, bao gom tri thitc tU hanh dpng, sang
tao, nghj lite, quyet t a m ciia ngitdi mot linh vitc nao dd nham dat ditpc muc dich va hieu qua lao dpng Chi rieng ve giao due tri tbitc da cd npi dung v6 eiing phong phu dong thdi cd nhieu quan diem khac nbau Chang ban tinb binh hi?n cd quan diem cho rang can phai xem lai hpc van pbd thdng truug hpc, cau tnic lai ehitdng trinb va npi dung day hpc, phat trien cho dxicfc d
(4)hpc sinh phUdng p h a p tU sang tao Quan di§m cd y nghia titdng doi Qua t r i n b p h a t trien ciia moi ngitdi tii mdi smb ra, den thdi ky nhd tuoi, roi trUdng t h a n h , t r u n g nien, Idn tuoi deu trai qua hang loat bien doi ve smb tritdng p h a t trien, sinh ly, tri tue, qua dd cd cac bitdc khac biet n b a u ve chat Tre em hpc tieu hpc la thdi ky chu ye'u thu n h a n tri thiic, titng bitdc lam phong phii ngdn ngG dong thdi vdi suy nghi, phat trien bp nao Tre hpc thupe long la chii yeu, ngoai tren cai von da hpc ditde, cd the phat buy tinb doc lap suy nghi d mite dp nao dd Sau dd, len t r u n g hpc cd sd v^ trung hpc thong, cac em ditpc nang cao dan tri thiic va trinb dp tU duy, phat trien b cac em pbitdng phap tit sartg tao, nhin chung, eiing d mi'tc dp nao dd so vdi tuoi cua cac em, trit mot sd tritdng hdp dae biet Van de nang khieii ciia cac em dxWc nhan x6t va khang dinh qua sdm, khong hoan toan diing Nhieu em tU nhd ditde coi la "than dong" ve mat nay, mat kia, Idn len lai khong thay trd t h a n h ngitdi tai nang ve mat ay Nhieu em tU nhd hpc hanh binh thitdng, t h a m chi hpc dai hpc cung chita thay phat trien ditdc tai nang, nhitng ddi lai trd ngitdi tai nang Cd the nhan dinh nhit sau: d cap thdng giao due hpc sinh nhiing kien thUe cd ban eiia thdng, d cap dai hpc, du la ebuyen nganh, cung mdi chi la nhiing kien thi'te cd ban Sau tot nghiep vao ddi, ngitdi cd tai nang la ngitdi van dung ditpc nliflng kien thitc da hpc, lam phong phii nd len bang each hpc them sach va cupe song, nghe nghiep ciia minh, biet lao dpng cd nghi lite va sang tao Cd mot so ngitdi cd hpc vi cao, nhitng khong bao gid dam lam nhflng gi ngoai sach da viet
Trong giao due hien nay, nien vao dai hpc thitdng chu trpng den nbi'tng nganh khoa hpc va cong nghe sau cd the kiem dupe nhieu tien, de cd cong an viec lam it ngitdi ham thich hpc cac nganh khoa hpc cd ban Phai ndi rang mot nen giao due mat can ddi ve dao tao khoa hpc cd ban va khoa hpc Ung dung la mot nen giao due khong toan dien, neu chi dao tao dUde nhiing ebuyen gia gidi ve m a t iing d\mg, mac dii r a t can thiet, thi rat de lam nen khoa hpc va cong nghe nitdc ta phu thupe vao nitde ngoai, chi di theo itng dung cac tien bp khoa hpc cong nghe cua bp, ma chae chan se mat tinb doc lap va tit ehii Cac nganh khoa hpc cd ban nhit cai nen de xay diing toa lau dai, nen mdng cang sau, cang vi'tng chae, lau dai se ditdc ditng len cang cao cang long lay, cd the sanh ngang vdi eitdng quoc n a m chau - nhit Idi Bae Ho da day sau Cach mang Thang Tam t h a n h cong nam 1945 Ddi vdi mdi ngitdi, qua suy nghi ciia chiing toi, cac nha khoa hpc cd trinb dp cao nganh nghe thitdng la nhiing ngitdi sail sac ve cd ban va gidi ve ebuyen mon
(5)ky 21 NhUng neu du bao rang the ky 21 la the ky bung nd' ciia tri tue loai ngitdi, thi nhiing miii nhpn d i n g chi la mot bp phan Bdi vi khoa hpc va cong nghe bao gom khoa hpc xa hpi va nhan van, khoa hpc cd ban khoa hpc ky thuat Nhit vay, giao due va dao tao ngUdi phai toan dien, trinb dp ebuyen mon cao phai phat trien tren nen dao diic, mdi cd th§ xay dung dxtqc mot cupe song tot dep, nhan ai, lam cho dan giau nUde manh, xa hpi cong bang, van minh Hien nay, d nude ta dang eiing cd'va tang citdng lien minh edng - ndng - tri thitc lam nen tang cho kbdi dai doan ket toan dan Dang lanh dao Tri thUe ciia giai cap edng nhan, tri tbiie boa edng nhan, ndng dan va cac phan khac xa hpi la nbiem vu quan trpng eiia nganh giao diic va dao tao Day manh edng nghiep boa, hi?n dai boa da't nitdc, hpi nhap qiid'e te, phai bat dau tit viec phat buy yeii to' eon ngitdi mang ban sac, truyen thdng tot dep ciia dan toe Viet Nam Can lam the nao de em edng nhan, ndng dan va nbi'tng ngitdi lao dpng ditdc hpc d Idp cao hdn trung hpc pbd thdng, ditde cd dieu kien vao dai hpc, ke ca eon em cac dan toe vUng sail vung xa, cdn la mot van de ton tai Idn Trong sit nghiep vi dai nay, nganh giao due va dao tao rat quan trpng, ve vang ganb vac nbiem vu bet site nang ne Du d bat ci't thdi ky nao, truyen thdng va hien dai van la pbitdng hitdng phat trien cd ban ciia nen giao due nitdc ta
Dia chi : Lien hiip cac Hoi khoa hoc Ky thudt Viet Nam 53, Nguyen Du, Hd Noi
DT (CQ) 8262108, (NR) 8363970