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Bài viết dựa trên quan điểm ẩn dụ tri nhận của của Lakoff và Johnson, đồng thời vận dụng lý luận về hệ thống mở rộng ngữ nghĩa của Taylor (nghĩa đen - hoán dụ - ẩn dụ) để đi sâu tìm hiểu về hiện tượng chuyển nghĩa của từ ngữ chứa ''心 trong ẩn dụ vật chứa.
s l 10 (240i-201S NGdN N G C & Bin SONG 13 BAN VE HlfN TirgfNG CHUYEN NGEQA TU* NGU" CHU'A tb' TIENG HAN TRONG AN DV VAT CHlTA DISCUSS ABOUT PHENOMENONS OF TRANSFERRED MEANING WORDS CONTAINING 'fc- IN THE CONTAINER METAPHORS IN CHINESE CAMXtlTAl (PGS.TS; Dfi hpc Ngoyi ngfi-, DHQG H i Nfi) N d N G H d N G H^NH (ThS; Khoa Ngogi ngu', Dgi hpc Thdi Nguydn) Abstracts: Language always reflects the modes of thinking and cognitive characteristics of each national community This paper analyzed some phenomenons of cognitive container metaphors in transferred meaning of words containing "'C^" in Chinese The current paper amed at supplementary materials for study, translation and teaching foreign language for Vietnamese students Key words: cognitive; metonymy; metaphor; words contain '& miln tri nhto ndy (miln nguin) sang m i ^ tri nhfn i.i Con ngudi nhto thic thyc till tin tgi khdc (miln dich) ChAng hgn thdi gian Id mft khdi thl gidi ty nhito ttt chinh sy ttdi nghifm cia bto nifm trim tupng, khtog nhin thAy, khdng sd dupc, thto minh Tim la mft bp phfn quan trpng CO mft chiiu, khdng lap lgi VI the khdi nifm thdi thl chi phli toto bp hogt f^iig song cua ngudi gian duijK dnh xg bdi sy di chuyin cia sy vft, tgo Tim lito quan mft tMit vd cdtinhq i ^ dinh tdi tAt nto an dy T H I GIAN L A SV Dl CHUYfeN cd cdc bf phto kiidc trto ca thl ngudi Chinh vl C O A s y VAT An dy ndy dupc Ihl hifn qua ngdn tim cd vi tri vd chiic ntog nhu vfy, nto tilng ti^tixr Thdi gian IhimOtoil trdi; Mia hg da di ' Hdn, ching ta cd thl thAy ttt ngtt chiia if (tim, qua; Thdigiandikhdngbaogi&trdlgi tdm) mang vdn hda lAt ^ sdc „ nhttng „ hdm nghia _ Hoto dy Id tto dyng sy gin gui hole lito quan vd phong phi Bdi vilt dya trto quan dilm an dy gifta hai m i ^ tri nhfn, hay ndi cdch khdc Id ding , tti nhfn cia Lakoffvi Johnson [1], ding thdi vfn khdi nifm ndy dl thay thl cho mft khdi nifm khdc, dyng li luto v l h f tiling md rpng ngtt ngUa cia dd chu ^ nhieu hon tdi d|c diran nli bft cia Taylor [2] (nghb dto - hoto dy - An dy) ^ di sto sy vft, vd hai khdi nifm ndy thufc vl ctog mft 'dm hilu vd hito tupng diuyln n ^ cua tft ngtt miln tri nhto Vi dy: Hdm tdi di mua bd chia i> An dy vft chiia Adidas (Adidas Id thuong hifu trang phyc thl ( 1.Z Ngto ngtt hpc tri nhto cho rAng, hodn dy thao nil tilng thay thl cho sto phAm Id qufc vd An dy deu bat nguin ttt kinh n ^ f m cufc sing thuong Mfu Adidas) thudng ngdy cia ngufti, diu Id qud trinh tri Cd thl thay An dy vd hoto dy cd tdc dyng nhto mang tinh khdi nifm, ty phdt vd vd tiiftc tuong hS Ifc nhau, gitta chtog cd mli lidn hf Hoto dy vi An dy diu cd xu hudng dtog nhftng tuong dii phttc tgp Hifn nhilu n ^ t o cftu khdi nifm cy dil dl dnh xg hofc diay the cdc khdi ^ cdn khd mp hi gitta khdi nifm An dy vd khdi •nifm httu tupng, Idm cho vifc bilu dgt ngto ngft nitoi hoto dy, hole khdng chl rd dupc mli tuong lid nto don gidn, sinh dtog hon, nhdm dgt tdi quan mgt tMlt gitta chung nguyto tac tifki?" ft°ng ngdn ngtt, giip mpi Taylor (1995) Id ngufti dAu tito da chi hifn ngufti dl nam bAt cdc khdi nifm mdi hon tupng Andy ton tgi trdn cosd hoto dy,vi da dua ' An dy Id dem mf t khdi nitoi ndy dnh xg vdo quan diem vlhf thing chuyin dich lito tyc "ngUa mft khii nitoi khdc, hojc cdthlndilidnhxgtii den- hoto dy - An dy" tnmg vifc md rpng ngtt So 10 (240)-2015 N G N NGtr & D d i S O N G nghia Ong da lAy vi dy vdi tmh ttt 'liigh" dl lam rd quan dign oia minh [3]: Audg Hotedv Ca) Hgh (b) Hgli dde Ngudi Trung Q u i c d i u cho lAng m i i lim Id ni$t b f p h t o quan trpng b o n g c o thl, chi p h l i todn bf hogt dfng s i n g c i a c o n ngudi Tim Id tiung tSm (e) (d) Higli High prices lEoipqBturB (a), ngh& den c i a "high" la chito cao; (b), n^Ha c i a "high" v i a cd phto chl chieu cao viia d l chi myc nude, vi die p h f c ndo c h i a dyng khdi nifm hodn dy; (i (c), " h i ^ " dd thyc s y Id khdi nifm hoto dy, d i n g khdi nifm thto nhift cao d l Ihay thl thto nhift "ndng"; (d) "high" nam gitta ranh gidi c i a h o t o dy vd An dp, "high prices" cd thl cd hai cdch hieu, mft la dem chi s l b t o g bdo gid vd gid cd lito hf vdi nhau, dong tlidi xuat hifn trdn c i n g mft mien tri nhto, sd tgo n t o cdch hieu hoto dy; hai Id, lAy c h i o i cao vd s l tiln lito hf vdi nhau, Igo n t o c o c h l h o t o dy ' T A N G L N " ; fl (e), "quality" thufc phgm tti chit hipng, cd s y phto bift giua cdi t i t vd cdi x i u , c t o "high" thufc chiiu cao, dupc dnh xg vdo phgm t i i chAt lupng, s5 hinh thdnh nto khdi nitoi An dy "T&T ndi v i suy n ^ khdng thong nhAt), /ttJc—B IAT' vt! n / l / d ^ (trong Idng khdng cd dyng ^ khdcX- Hodn dy vd fc dy tgo nto m f t hf thing lito tyc Trong qud trinh phdt triln ttt h ( ^ dy ito an dy, cd hai klgi CO c h l tuong d i i quan trpng: m f t Id, CO sd kinh nghifm c i a hoto dy quy djnh mien n g u i n c i a In dy v i s y lya chpn dnh xg; hai Id, CO c h l trim tupng, tuc Id miic dp tiftu tupng cao hay thip sd dnh h u t o g den sy dnh xg cdng g f c vdi s y v f t Trong khodng khdng gian m o h i giiia An dy vd hoto dy, hai khdi nifm ndy dnh h u t o g qua Igi Ifc nhau, CO sd kinh nghifm v i c o che trim tupng c t o g cd dnh hudng, dilu ndy khi&i h o t o dy tid flidnh phuong t h i c m d rfng ngtt nghia c o bdn, vd phln Ito cdc In dy tope ndy sinh v i thiet % u t o c o s d ciia hoto d y D e nghifm chung quan d i o n tito cua Taylor, (Ifl/&) lito quan mgt fliilt vd cd thih quylt ( ^ tdi t o t o b f cdc bf p h t o khdc t i t o CO the ngudi H m t t CO quan thyc h i t o chiic n t o g tu duy, mpi hogt ddng t u va t u tudng tinh cdm d i u cd lito quan den tim, t i c Id d i n g tim d l dnh x g v t o t u Bii vfy, ngudi ta thudng d i n g ttt ngtt cd (tim, ldm) ^ bilu til] s y phto tich, t i n g hpp, phto dodn, suy luto c i a bf ndo ngudi V i dy;'i>3SE J ^ / u d l $ (Irong Idng n^ii), i>% Idm todn (tinh totoX S^O nghi tdm (Idng n ^ ngd), ^i> da tdm Oong da nghiX S - f r Iao tdm (nhpc Itog), 'Cf'PW&lm Irung/i£fu5t^(trong Idng sdm da djnh lifu), Pft't^ $^ khdu thi ldm phi ( m i t o g ndi v f y nhung Itog nghlkhdoX ' f r P ^ F — tdm khiu batnhil(^ ldm T t o id cor quan tiiyc h i t o s y suy nghl^ Id khdi nguon c i a tri tiif, d l i ^ thdi d t o g d l thay the cho mong m u l n , n g u y t o vpng h o f c :^ muon ldm vi?c gj D o vfy, tiong tieng H t o xuAt hifn cdc tft ngi! nhir li^M ldm y (tam ^, y nguyto), i>^ t^ nguyen (tdm nguyfn, mong mulnX Vii' cam tdn (cam Itog), # hOu tdm (ok Itog), ^IA> thaiA Idm (thdnh tam, tiift long), f9;'j> xUng tdm (hii Idng, v i a Itog), -&/£> hgp Idm (hpp y) * > S * a tdm mdn^tlic ( m t o nguyto), — nhat Idm (ra{l Idng, m f t dg), S ^ ddn tdm Qimg dto), Xitt Ml bdi viet di s t o tim hieu ve khdi nifm hoto dy vd An Idm Otog ngudi, nhto tam), lfli thugn ldn dy c i a ttt ngtt c h u a - t s ttt dd md til v l s y chuyin (diuto Idng), M'b' logi tdm (togi nguytoX * * •* dich ngtt ngMa c i a tft ngtt chtta ib theo md hinh /&n(vdtamX "nghia den - hoto dy - an dy" Nghia h o t o d y cua tft ngft c h u a C^il( tdm hda (blc hda, nil gifnX Mil'hdn tdm (se Itog, xdt xa, gid bult timX Jik'i^ bdng tdm (trdi tim bang gid), Vj tri cia tiii tim: Trdi tim d djnh tgi mft vj tti bilu thj tam tigng yto lam, tidi tim d trgng tiidi ki ling, khdng ol djnh bilu tiij ttoi tigng lo ling, khdng y t o Vi dy; ti.il'phdng tdm (yto IdmX ft Kf Igi Idm (tiong Itog), S ' t qudi tdm (dk byng) dgo tfcX Mib hdc tdm Odng dg xAu xaX St> dS tdm (da tdmX 8>'t> to (am (ngM cho ritog nilnhX So vdi nhttng dieu xAu xa tli tf thl ngudi ta cdng mong muln hudng din nhttng dilu tit d ^ vd vgch nhttng lanh gidi gifta cdi tit vd cdi xAu cho trdi tim, vi dy: &'!> luong tdm Oucmg tfim, itog tItX iS-if ilia Itoi Odng t&X tt'O mudi tdm Odng dg den tli/ trdi vdi luong tdmX i ^ ' ^ vi tdm (bdi vdi lucmg tdm), Chtog tdi da lupc dl hda ^ nghia hoto dy cia tii ngtt chua'i^ tieng Hto bang so disau: * hWDCY — * ' M O N G M U N , N G I I Y S N VQNG 2.2 'bthl^giitinhlhin NG6N NGC & Bin S6NG 16 A'{> hio>in tdm Qo ISng), S'C^ ^ 13 d^ /am ^i^u dSJm (l^ng d9 tfa^ tii6m), NghTa h o ^ dy c i ^ tur ngfi chuca 'C^ ti^ng Hin du^c thS hi^n qua sa d6 du6i d§y: ^ • T I N H T H A N —*-TAMTR^G,TiNH CAM Sy c h u y ^ djch ngi^ n g h u c&a tiir ngfr chua 'C^ i n d^ v$t chua Trfin npi hikm ca bAn ciia hoin d\i T R A I TIM THAY THfi TU" DUY v i T R A I TIM THAY T H £ T I N T H A N , da t ^ n6n SV chuydn djch ng& nghta cCa tu ngQ' chiia't^, phit tri^n thinh fin dy T R A I TIM L A V A T CHCA Trong cfiu trQc fin dy niy, trii tim bj inh x^ bdi khii ni^m 'V|it chura", n6 c6 th^ c h ^ dyng m^i thur nhu dung chOc nfing cOa bfit k] v§t chura nio Th6ng qua khii n i ^ "v|t chiia" niy m i dfiu 6c ngudi d§ ding tu hon v^ " 4> (tim, tSm), di^u m i chung ta luon c6 cim giic ma hh vh n6, v i ludn khdng thfi nhln thfiy hay sd tiifiy nd m$t cich tryc tifip gi6ng 10c tri nhin v^ nhihig b$ ph$n ca thl khic hi^n hthi d b€n ngoii nhu: mit, mui, chan, tay, m i ^ g Trong tilng Hin, trii tim dugrc coi li v|lt chira cOa tfit c i cic tr^ng thii tinh thfin, tinh cim, tri tu$ v i kiln thvrc [4] Khii ni^m fin dy T R A I TIM L A V A T CHtTA niy dupc quy djnh bdi sa d6 tri nh$n v§t chura v i so d6 tri n h ^ tr£n - dudi, - ngoii, gjQa Vi dy: V|it chiia cd phfin diy: t^B tdm di (diy Idng) ; V ^ chtia cd ranh ^ d i khoing giQa, v i ngoii: 'i>M tdm li (trong Idng), rt'C^ ndi tdm (n^i tfim, Idr^, 'C^4' tdm trung (trong ldng) ;V§t S6 10 (240)-2015 mu6n ndi v l nhQng cim xOc Idng ngudi Trung Qu6c thudng dikng cic tii ngQ xufit phit tir 'i^ (tim, tfim) nhu: 'i>?ESfi[ tdm hoa nd phdng (vui nhu md cd byng), ' ^ K f t H tdm khdi;^ ldn (nin Idng nhyt chQ, - d l chi ncri khdi ngu6n chiia dyng cho cic cung b|k; cim xuc vui, buin, dau ddn, xdt xa, gi§n dSi budn bye, Qia diy, cd thl lugic db hda sy chuylndjch ngii nghta cOa tfr ngit chiia ^ nhu sau: ifr •TirDUY,TINHTHAN • V^T CHU'A TU* DUY TINH T H A N Thay cho k^t lu$n Quan dilm md r$ng ngQ nghta tfr ngii ciia Taylor theo so db "nghta den - hoin dy -findy" budc dfiu dupc chung tdi If giii qua tii ngQ chiia 'C^ (tim, tfim) ding Hin, v6n l i m$t b$ ph§n co thl dw^c chiiu X9 qua gde d$ tri nh$n hoin dy v i fin dy dl thl hi^n chiic ning tu duy, b$c 1$ cic cung b|lc cim xde, chiia dyng cie t r ^ g thii tfim If, tinh thfin eiia eon ngudi vin hda Trung Qu6e Vdi kit qui khio sit tr6n, ehiing t5i hi vpng s€ cd thl gdp phfin lim sing td hon d ^ trung ngdn ngii v i vin hoi tfr ngQ chl b$ ph$n ca thl ngudi, tQ dd, b6 sung tii li$u n g ^ ^ cihi, dieh thu|it, d^y hpc ngdn ngQ vi vin hda cho hpe sinh Vi$t Nam T A I L I | : U THAM K H A O G Lakofif and M Johnson (1980) Mataphor we live by^ Chicago, London John R, Taylor, Cognitive grammar, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2002 John R Taylor (1995), Linguistic adeff}rization: Prototypes in linguistic theory 2nd edition Oxford: Clarendon Press chiia cd the chiia dfiy ho$c vai: /K'C> mdn tdm P h ^ Ngpc Him - Cfim Tii Tii (2012), (hii ]dng) ;V$t chtia de d$t, dfi v$t: iK^/i^ ^ tiing Hdn vd nghfbffng tiing phdng tgi tdm thugng (dl I d i ^ , i B ^ Viit - nhin tit gde dd ngdn ngit hgc tri nhdn T/c 'C^^ it/ e(R f ^ i2i^ (ghi nhd Idng), ^M Ngdn ngii s6 (279): 29 ^ ^ minh khdc tgi tdm ( ^ Idng tfic d^), Khi ... suy n ^ khdng thong nhAt), /ttJc—B IAT' vt! n / l / d ^ (trong Idng khdng cd dyng ^ khdcX- Hodn dy vd fc dy tgo nto m f t hf thing lito tyc Trong qud trinh phdt triln ttt h ( ^ dy ito an dy, cd... Idng) ; V ^ chtia cd ranh ^ d i khoing giQa, v i ngoii: 'i>M tdm li (trong Idng), rt'C^ ndi tdm (n^i tfim, Idr^, 'C^4' tdm trung (trong ldng) ;V§t S6 10 (240)-2015 mu6n ndi v l nhQng cim xOc Idng... tdm (Idng n ^ ngd), ^i> da tdm Oong da nghiX S - f r Iao tdm (nhpc Itog), 'Cf'PW&lm Irung/i£fu5t^ (trong Idng sdm da djnh lifu), Pft't^ $^ khdu thi ldm phi ( m i t o g ndi v f y nhung Itog nghlkhdoX