Giáo trình kỹ thuật nuôi giáp xác 1

BIEN SOA.N Ho vdr t6n TS Hodng Ttng C6 GS.TS Neuv6n Trqne Nho C6 TS Ta Kh[c Thudng Th.S Luc Minh Di6p TS Neuy6n Th! Bich ThriY TS NguydnThanhPhuong TS Truong Trong NghTa Th.S TrAn Neoc Hii TS Nzuv6n Vin Hda Th.S Nsuv6n ThiHdng Vdn Don vi Da hgc Th0y sin Da hoc Thriy sin Da hoc Thfiy sin Dai hoc Thriv san ViQn Nghi€n cuu NTTS III D4i hgc Cdn Tho Da hoc Cin Tho Da hoc Cin Tho Dai hoc CAtr Tho Dai hoc Ciin Tho Ndi duns bi0n soan Chucrne I Chuong II Chuone III Chucrne IV Chuong V Chucrng VI Hem lugng oxy hda tan Hqp ch6t nito HzS D9 cimg (total hamess) vi ttQ kiAm (Alkalinity) ' .' 68 .' 68 .68 ' ' '.' 68 H8 phdn 2: Kt THUAT IINH siN xnAN r4o rdM .' 71 r rHrET KE VA HOAr DQNG Tp,5I SAN 1UAT rflM GI6NG mrAN TAo 7t 7l Chqn vi tri vi mflt bang xny dpg tr4i sdn xu6t t6m gi6ng Quy m6 tr4i vi c6c y6u cAu thitit ki5, thi c6ng, xtr ljr sau lrtri xdy dUng "'72 7e rr KY rHUAr XU Lv NLTOC rrr KY rHUAT TUYEN 6HQN T$M eo IyIE, r.n-lflr Ngu6n t6m bO me vi phuong ph6p tuyOn v6 v.q cHo DE chqn rv KV rHUAT LIONG r.n-ror AU TRUNG ToM ' "' HE ucrng BO tri mft ttQ 6u trung b0 uong Chu6n bi b€ 81 81 ' 90 :' - ' 90 ' ' 9l benh v 102 Quan lf m6i truong bO uong vi phdng tri Theo d6i tinh tr4ng sric khoe 6u trung vi di6rr bii5n tinh hinh bi5 nu6i 103 104 THU HOACH VA VaN CHUYEN phin i: Kfr rHUAr NUdI rilu 107 THUfiNG PHAM run 107 r CAC uiNH THUC r.n-l$r 107 NuOi quing canh truyAn th6ng vi quang canh cii tii5n canh Nu6i th6m canh - 108 Nu6i ban thAm rr KY rHUAT m-rOl rOM HE THUONG Chgn ving nu6i PHAM 112 .112 nu6i 113 The gi6ng : Xic dinh t6c d0 sinh truong vi ti lQ s6ng ' : '."' ' Ky thuflt cho An 121 XXy dpg c6ng trinh nu6i 10 Thu hoach Phdng tri benh t6m 108 123 -.-.- - 124 : 144 148 cHLfcrNG rrr: r DAc Ki orgl,r srNH THUAr NUOI r6u rqa uunn Phan lo4i vi hinh th6i D{c di6m ph6n bO D6c di6m sinh truong Ddc tliOm sinh Chqn vi tri PHAM Quan lf vi chdm s6c t6m nu6i Thu ho4ch vi 156 160 .162 162 ucmg t6m rrr TRrEN VQNG CUA NGHE r.U-lOr l5l 160 nu6i Chgn gi6ng .152 .154 rHuoNG lsl 151 s6.n rr KY rHUAT m-lor rou HUM C6c dqng l6ng nu6i roU HUM 163 163 GAI 163 CHIIONG IV: KY THUAT NUOI TOM CANC XANH THTIONG PHAM ,., 167 167 r Gror 167 rr DAc DrEM srNH HQC CUA roU CANG XANH rHrEU th6i Phan b6 167 Dac di6m sinh truong D{c di6m sinh sin YOu ciu vC m6i trudng s6ng Nhu cAu dinh du0ng ctra t6m 170 Phan lopi vd hinh 169 Vdng ttdi ctra t6m cang xanh rrr KY rHUAT IJONG NUor roU CANG gi6ng Nu6i t6m thit Llcrng 170 171 171 XANH t6m 172 r72 172 174 179 CHTIONG V: KV THUAT NUOI CUA BIEN ; 179 I GIoI THIEU 180 II MOT SO DAC DIEM SINH HQC CHINH CUA CUA 8IEN ' ' 180 l Hinh th6i, phtn lo4i, phln b6 ' 183 Z.Dlc iliOm sinh tru&ng, lQt x6c vi t6i sinh '.' 184 DEc tti6m dinh du0ng MOt sO a{c di6m sinh th6i cta cua bi6n GIONG K! thuft sinh san nhdn t4o rrr KY rHUAT SAN XUAr 2.Ky thuft vf,n chuytin vi khai th6c Megalopahay ' 189 190 190 cua bQt/gidng ' 196 3.Kythu{tucrrrgnu6iMegalopahaycuabQtl6ncuagi6ng rHAM IV KY rHUAT m-lOr cuA THIJONG K! thuft nu6i chuy0n cua thd,nh cua thit 2.Ky'thuflt ning cdp cua thucrng phdm ARTEMTA CHUONG vr: KY rHUAr NUor I GIOI THIEU ; rr EAc DrEM srNH HQC CUA ARTEMTA D6c di6m phnn loai Vdng clcri ph6t tri6n vi sg sinh truong 4.D{c ditim sinh s6n Kha ning thich ung vdi c6c didu 198 .200 205 .205 2:07 207 .r , 207 : kiQn m6i truong 209 210 Vei n6t vA hoat dQng ctra ruQng mu6i ve sp thich nghi cria Artemia .211 TAI LI.EU THAM rs7 rcrAO : , 230 LOI NOI DAU icip xdc ld ldp dQng vQt thu\c ngdn( chdn khop, cd nli.iu lodi ld diii twqng nuii quan cila nghi nu6i tr1ng,thity sdn NghA nu6i gidp x(c; do9 biQt ngh€ nu6i t1m he, hi€n dang chiAm m6t ti trpng l6n nghA nudi tr6ng thily sdn thd gi6i vd Vi€t Nam, cd vi sdn luqn7 va gid tri Trinh d0 W thugt nu6i thrty sdn.nadc lq, mfin ao ddm vd tr€n biAn Vi€t Nam thdi gian qua iluqc phdt tri€n, ndng cao, chit yAu dqra vdo cdc kdt qud nghi€n crhu, cdc kinh nghiQm tich lfiy daqc qud trinh nu6i t6m he, t6m him, cua bi€n, Artemia, NghiAn c*u, tim hiAu tiA" lQ thuQt linh vtgc nu6i gidp xdc sd gitip chung ta duc k€t duqc nhftng "ai nniii tctnn nghiQm cho viAc thig (lang phdt fiAn nu6i cdc d6i tuqng hdi sdn khdc Hi€n tqi, tfi thuQt nu6i gidp xdc nadc ta kh6ng ng"irng duqc cdi tidn ndng c.ao vd tiAp thu kinh nghiQm ct)a thf giOi K! thuQt nu6i biiin d1t hang ngdy vd phdt tri€n mQt cich da dqng tily theo diiu kiQn t*ng ving h vQy, pham vi cudn sdch ndy kh6ng thd cung ciip $n d7c gid tdt cd nhtrng cdi tidn W thuqt, nhtrng gidi phap W thudt ddc thr), nhing bien dil liin tqc qua tirng uu, Chilng t6i hy vgng vdi nhirng ddc diAm cila diSt tuqn{nu6i, nhirng ngrydn ly cobdn cilng nha kinh nghiQm sdn xudt daqc trinh bdy bsn doc.tich lily vd hQ th6ng duqc_cdc k1!y th*c cdn thi€t t:?"€ td.i li€u ydy,sd Sity 1!o d€ tim hidu sdu hon vd d1i taqng, hiAu rd hon cdc qud trinh dang di€n m6i tradng nu6i, th6ng qua dd de ddng fiAp cQn vdi bdt c1.r mQt gidi phdp lO thuqt mhi hodc m1t phuong phdp nu6i mdi ndo khdc Nhtrng rdn tnac khdng duqc trinh bdy tronq cu6n sdch ndy xin d7c gid tham khao cdc tdi lieu c6 li6n quan nhu: Qudn ly chdt laqng nadc nu6i tring thity sdn, BAnh hOc thily sdn, C6ng trinh nu1i thily sdn, Trong qud trinh bi€n soqn chung t6i dd st)r dung cdc tu hAu, cdc ket qqa ngli1ry gtap xdc ct)a nhiiu tdc gia vd ngodi nadc Tuy nhi€n, nhiAu viin dA ctru vi ""di thA he gidng vi€n n€n kh6ng the dagc tich ml * cdc bcii g.idng, cdc ght chep qua "iii, trdnh khdi sq thdt lsc xu-tit *i, mra ihdn cho iie" tri"h ddn fii liQu tham khgo; ,rdt,mong daqc sw laqng thu cita cclc tdc gid vd xin chdn thdnh cdm on MQc dil dd rdt cO gdng hAt srhc nhang cin m\t sii vtin di-cutin sach chaa th€ cdp nhctt het Rdt mong nhQn daqc nhirng Sop i t* phia d7c gid, nhAn daqc nhftng thdnh qud nghi€n c*u vd kinh nghiQm san idt quii bdu ae Ua sung, hodn chinh cudn sdch ndy Chilng t6i xin chdn thdnh cdm on sW giilp ild cua.cac tradng dgi hqc, cdc viQn nghi€n ctru, cdm CIn sU cQng tdc cila cdc tdc gid vd cdc d6ng nghiQp- Thay m{t cic thc gih LBc Minh DiQp Chucrng I: NGHE NUOI GIAP XAG: HIEN TRANG VA XU HUONG PHAT TRIEN l I Gi6'i thiQu chung dd c6 tir kh6 ltu nhmg nghd nu6i giirp xitc trOn th6 gioi chi m6i ph6t tri6n vii thap kf gAn d0y TOng sin lJqng gi6p xitc nu6i ctra th6 gioi gia tdng deu dqn tu ndm 1970 (Ilinh I.1) vd dd dat di5n s6 1,65 triQu t6n, tri gi6 9,4 ti USD vio nlm Mic di 2000 (IrA(), 2OO2) S1r' gia tdng nhy ld k6t qui ctra vi6c mo rQng diQn tich nu6i, d6i tuong nu6i vh gia tdng rnirc d6 thAm canh IIi0n tai c6 it nhAt ld 46 lodi gi6p x6c c.o ei1 tri thu