Vi the, mot sd phuong phap giang day ngoai ngiJ, nhu phuong phap Van pham - Dich (Grammar- Translation Method), mot phuong phap ra ddi d DiJe (Phd) vao cudi tha' ki XVIII, trd nen ph6 [r]
(1)VAN Di DAY NGUr PHAP TIENG VIET CHO NGl/dl Nl/dC NGOAI
TS Nguyin Van Hue Khoa Viet Nam hpc Trudng DH KHXH&NV, DHQG Tp HCM
LMUCDiCH
Bdo cao de cap den vi tri ciia NgiJ phap llnh vuc day ngoai ngvi, ddng thdi ban \i ndi dung giang day ngiJ phap tieng Viet cho ngudi nude ngoai Qua hai ndi dung tran, bai bao nham gpi y mot cdch day ngS phap tieng Viet nhu mot ngoai ngir cd hieu qua hon
2 \ t VI TRI CUA N G PHAP TRONG Vl£C DAY TI^NG
(2)Tuy nhian, gan day, thai dp cua nhihig ngudi giang day ngoai ngir ddi vdi ngir phap cd phin dung muc hon: NP chia'm mdt vi tri quan trpng, la to chii yeu cua nang lire giao tiep Theo Phuong phap Giao tiep (Communicative Language Teaching), mac dii quao trpng, nhimg NP chi la mdt ba binh dien ciia ngdn ngi?, dd la NP, NgiJ nghia va Ngir dung
3 VI TRI CUA NP TRONG T U O N G QUAN \6l CAC BI^N S6
Tiiy theo liia lu6i, trinh dd hpc vfo, tlnh hudng giao ti^p mi mdc dp quan trpng ciia NP viec day/hoc NP se khae Marianne Celce Murcia (dan theo H Douglas, 1994) dua biah $6
di dua vao dd ta cd th^ xac dinh dupe vai trd ciia NP giang
day ngoai ngiJ:
Bicn so ve ngudi
hoc Dd tuSi Su thdng thgo Trinh dd hoc van
Bien so ve giao
due
KT ndng ngdn ngQ Tinh hudng giao tiep
Nhu cdulmuc dich
It quan
Treem Bat dau Tha'p
Nghe, Doc Th6ng luc
Sinh hoat hang ngay
<- Nguf phap ->
Thiau nian Tmng cap Tmng binh
Ndi ^ Cd can nhac
Hoat d6ng ngh^ nghiep
Quan trpng Hon
Trudng Ih^nh Nang cao
Cao
Vi^t
Trang trpng
Hoat ddng chuyftn
mdn
Qua bang tren, ta thay miic dp quan trpng cua NP thay d6i it nhieu tiiy theo cac bien sd nhung ndi chung NP cd mdt vi Mi raft quan trpng qua trinh giang day ngoai ngir Do dd, neu cd nhihig kl thuat thfch hop, viec day ngir phap, dac biet la cho hpc vian Idn lu4i, khdng chi huru ich ma la diau kien thiet yeu d^ viec hpc ngoai ngil
CO ket qua
(3)4 DAY NP NHU TUt NAO?
Co hai cau hoi lian quan den v& de day NP nhu the nao cho cd hiau qua, dd 1^:
(1) Nen day NP theo phuong phap quy ngp hay diin dich?
Ndi chung, phuong phap quy nap dupe danh gid cao hon vi: - Gin vdi viae thu dac ngdn ngvi mdt each tu nhian
- Phil hpp vdi su phat triln trinh dp ngoai ngir ciia ngudi hpc - Cho hpc vian cd dupe cai "cam giac" giao tiep trudc nghe gidi thich v^ NP
- Cho hpc vian cd ddng luc ban bing each kham pha cac quy tac NP thay vi tia'p thu cac quy tac a'y mdt each thu ddng
{2) Co nen dung thuat ngQ NP dgy?
Khae vdi phuong phap Van pham - Dich, cac phuong phap sau nay, dac biat la PPGT, ddi hoi giao vian phai can nhac giang giai v6 NP va ebu y diing thuat ngu" NP Sau day la mdt sd nguyan tac giang day NP theo PPGT:
- Nan giai thich don gian, ngan gpn Cd th^ diing tieng me de ciia ngudi hpc da' giai thich cSn thiet
- Nan dung bi^u bang, cac phuong tien thi giac da' md ta cac mdi lian vi NP
- Nan diing cac thi du minh hpa rd rang, khdng mo ho - DiJtng di bi trdi bupc vao cac "ngoai le" NP
5 VAN Yit DAY NP TI^NG VI$T CHO NGlTdl NU6C NGOAI
Viae day NgiJ phap tia'ng Viet (NPTV) cho ngudi nude ngoai cd Ih^ ndi dang d giai doan bat din, cin nhieu nd luc cua cac giao vian, cdc nha nghian cthi
Nhihig khd khan cd ihi ki da'n nhu sau:
(4)1
<^goilkl cac ngdn ngu" chau Au vao viec giai thich NP tia'ng Viat (dupe Ngir phap truyen thdng) da din den nhimg cbd chua tbda ding, lim cho ngudi hpc hi^u khdng diing ban cbSft ciia vin di, ching ban ohr each giai thich quen thude cho "da" bi^u thi thi qua khd, "dang" bi6i thi thi tuong lai Nhung mat khae, viae dua nhimg thuat ngii", khdi niim mdi da giai thfch NP tieng Viet, ching ban nhu cac thuat ngiJ *Vi tiT, "tia'u tir" cd tha' lam cho ngudi hpc vdn khdng phai la sinh vita chuyan nganh Ngdn ngu" hpc cam th^y hoang mang hon
2 Phin Idn cac cdng trinh vi^t vi NPTV d^u cd tinh chit U thuya't, dd, nhihig ngudi bian soan/giang day TV nhu mdt ngoai ngi! chua cd dxsac nhutig tu lieu cdn thiet va diy dii d^ bian soan gijo trinh/tai lieu giang day Viae xac dinh dau la nhihig ndi dung NPcin giang day (cac tir cdng cu, cac miu cau, trinh tu giang day ciia cac n6i dung NP dd theo thur tu tir da den khd, tir thdng dung den ft thdng dung) la nhihig viae lam ddi hoi nhutig ngudi lam cdng tac giang day tifng Viat nhu mdt ngoai ngu" phai nd luc nhi^u hon niJa
6 K ^ T LUAN
d tran la mdt sd di^m dang quan tam ban vi vin di NP Uong viae day ngoai ngir ndi chung va tia'ng Viet cho ngudi nude ngoai n6i riang: NP la mdt ndi dung quan trpng qua trinh giang day ngoai ngir, nhung quan trpng hon la edn cd nhimg each thdc giang day thfch hpp, ha'p din Ddi vdi giao vien giang day NP tieng Viat nhu mdt ngoai ngiir, ben canh yau ciu phai ap dung cac phuong phap giang day ngoai ngir thich hpp, hieu qua, giao vian cSn phai khdng ngimg tifp thu nhimg tuu mdi viec nghien euru ve NPTV va tim each dian dal nhimg noi dung mdt each gian di, da bi^u
(5)vay mk giao trinh dupe nhi^u ngudi danh gia la da day, da hpc Tuy nhian, giio trinh cung cd mdt sd ban che, xet ve ndi dung NP, dd la chua thdng hda dupe nhihig ndi dung NP cin giang day d tat ca cac
dp, chua phan bd theo hudng lap lai - md rdng Do bam vao NP xuat
hian cic bai hdi thoai nan NP ciia cac bai hpc (tir tap trd di) cd ve "ngheo nan" Nhihig nhupe diim cac tac gia se cd gang khae phuc d nhihig lin tai ban sau
T A I LifiU THAM KH A c
1 Brown, H Douglas, Teaching by Principle, An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy, Prentice Hall Regents, 1994 2 Richards Jack C & Rodgers Theodore S., Approaches and
Methods in Language Teaching, Cambridge University Press,
1995
3 Mdt sd'vdn di vi ndi dung va phuong phdp giang dgy tieng Viet
nhu mot ngogi ngS (Ki yeu Hdi thao khoa hpc), NXB DHQG Ha
Ndi, 2005
4 Viet Nam hgc va tieng Viet (Ki yeu Hdi thao khoa hpc), NXB DHQG Ha Ndi, 2006