Phần 1 tài liệu Luyện thi cấp tốc môn Lịch sử trình bày các nội dung: Hệ thống kiến thức lịch sử thế giới từ năm 1945 đến 2000, hệ thống kiến thức lịch sử Việt Nam từ 1919 đến 1930. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo nội dung chi tiết.
907 L527T NGOC THOl n 16 Khiei - Quang Ngai) QUOC LUYEN THI CAP TOC A THEO CAU TRUC DE THI CUA BO GIAO DUG & D A O T A O 7" T h S TRl/CfNG N G O C THOll (GV chuyen Sit trit&ng chuyen Le Khiet) LUYEN THI CAP TOC MON ucH sOr • THEO CAU TRUC DE T H I CUA BO GIAO DUG VA DAO TAG N H A X U A T B A N D A I H O C Si/ P H A M Chju trach nhiem xuat ban: G i a m doc: DINH NGOC B A O T d n g bien tap: DINH V A N V A N G Chju trach nhiem ngi dung va ban quyen: N h a s a c h HONG AN Bien tap ngi dung: KIEU T R A N G KT thuat vi ti'nh: Nha sach HONG AN Trinh bay bia: V O T H ! THQA Ma s6': 02.02.1037/1181 PT2012 LUYEN THI CAP TOC IViON LJCHSLf In 2000 cuo'n, khd 17 x 24cm tai Cong ti In Tin Loc - TP.Ho Chi Minh DSng ki ke hoach xuat ban so: 78-2012/CXB/1037-43/DHSP 13/1/2012 QOXB so: 1283/Qe - OHSP 11/10/2012 In xong va n6p li/u chieu quy i nam 2013 ndi (tail Cling cac em hoc sinh than men! Hien nay, viec t i m dtfcfng ngSn nhat, i t ton thcfi gian nhat ma van dat hieu qua cao viec on luyen t h i mon Lich suf nghe chifng n h i / kho khan ddi vdi cac em hoc sinh khoi 12, dac biet 1^ nhOrng em c6 nhu cau t h i dai hoc khoi C Cung nhif cac mon hoc khac, hoc tap mon Lich suf phai c6 phtfcfng phap dung vdi dac thii cua no Chung ta difng nham tiidng r k n g , hoc tap Lich suf chi CO gang nhd cho bang diigc cac sti kien, cac nien dai lich sCf la du, la xong va v i vay nhieu em qua vat va viec co ghi nhd, nhiing cuoi cung vkn "hoc trifdc, quen sau" Viec hoc tap n h i i the, kho mong doi dat difdc ket qua cao k h i lam bai t h i mon Lich stf De giiip cac em khSc phuc nhCfng kho khan do, hi/dng cho cac em t i m dirdng ngan nhat viec tiep t h u kien thufc mon Lich suf Idp 12, chuan bi t h i dai hoc khoi C, chung toi bien soan cudn " L U Y E N T H I C A P T O C M O N L I C H S U " On tap la de giiip cac em nam lai toan bo nhflng kien thufc rat ccf ban cua chtfong t r i n h Lich suf Idp 12 Luyen t h i la de giiip cac em tiep can vdi cac cau hoi cd t i n h chat vCra m d rpng, vCra nang cao, tiicfng ufng vdi cac cau hoi thifdng gap cac k i tuyen sinh dai hoc mon Lich suf N a m vufng kien thufc CO ban va t r a Idi diiqc cac cau hoi on tap sach nay, cac em se vufng t i n btfdc vao cac k i t h i trtfdc mat Sach gom ba phan: Phdn mot: He thong kien thiic Lich sii the giai til nam 1945 den nam Phdn hai: He thong kien thiic Lich sH Viet Nam til nam 1919 den nam 2000 2000 (M6i phan he thong kien thufc, c6 neu cau hoi va hiTdng dan tra Idi rat cu the) Phdn ba: Gidi thieu de thi dai hoc tic nam 2005 den nam 2012 H i vong rang, " L L T ^ N T H I C A P T O C M O N L I C H Sl>' se la tai lieu hOU ich ddi vdi thay c6 giao va cac em hoc sinh viec day va hoc mon Lich suf Idp 12 Mac dau cd nhieu cd gang bien soan, song khd tranh khoi nhufng sai sot, rat mong sq g6p y chan tii quy thay c6 giao va cac em hoc sinh TAG GIA PhAN M " T HE THONG KIEN THLfC UCH SLf THE GlCfl TLf NAM 945 DEN NAM 2000 TRAT TLT THE Gidl SAU CHIEN TRANH T H E Gldl THUf HAI I (1945-1949) Hpi nghi lanta va s\i thoa thuan ciia ba ci^ofng quoc - TU den 1 / / , Hoi nghi quoc te' dtfoc trieu tap a lanta (Lien X6) vdi sif tham dii ciia nguyen thu ba ciidng quoc Lien X6, M i , A n h Hoi nghi da diTa nhufng quyet dinh quan trong: + Nhanh chong tieu diet chij nghia phat xit Dufc va chij nghia quan phiet Nhat + Thanh lap to chiic Lien hcfp quoc + Phan chia pham v i anh htfdng giuTa ba cifcrng quoc d chau Au va chau A - He qua: NhOrng quyet dinh ciia Hoi nghi lanta cung nhufng thoa thuan sau cua ba ctidng quoc da t r o khuon kho ciia t r a t t a the gidri m d i , thiidng diJcfc goi la "Trat tif hai cUc lanta" Si^ lap L i e n hoTp quoc - TLJ 25/4 den / / , mot hoi nghi quo'c te Idn da hop tai-Xan Phranxixco (Ml) de thong qua ban H i e n chifcfng va tuyen bo' t h a n h lap Lien hgp quoc - Muc dich cua Lien hcfp quoc la t r i hoa b i n h va an n i n h the gidi, phat trien cac moi quan he huTu nghi giuTa cac dan toe va tien hanh sii hop tac quo'c te giufa cac niiofc t r e n ccf so ton trpng nguyen tac b i n h d&ng va quyen t i i quyet cua cac dan toe - Nguyen tac hoat dong: + Binh ding chu quyen giufa c^e quo'c gia va quyen t\i quyet cua cac dan toe + Ton toan ven lanh tho va doc lap chinh t r i ciaa t a t ca cac nLfdc + Chung song hoa b i n h va sii nhat t r i giufa n\idc Idn: M i , A n h , Lien X6, Trung Quoc - Cac ecf quan: Dai hoi dong Hoi dong Bao an, Ban Thif k i Ngoai c6 Hoi dong K i n h te - Xa hoi H o i dong Quan thae, Toa An quo'c te LIEN X6 VA C A C NUCfC DONG AU (1945 - 1991) LIEN BANG NGA (1991 - 2000) L i e n X6 a Cong cuoc khoi phuc kinh te d Lien X6 (1945 - 1950) ^ Hoan canh lich sijf: Lien X6 la ni/drc chiu ton that nang ne nhat cuoc Chien t r a n h the gidi thijf hai: Hcfn 27 trieu ngifcfi chet; 1.710 phd, hcfn 70.000 lang mac, gan 32.000 nha may, x i nghiep h i tan pha * N h S n g t h a n h ti^u dat difgfc: - Hoan thang Icfi ke hoach nam (1946 - 1950) tn/dc thcfi han thang - Nen san xuat cong nghiep dugc phuc hoi nSm 1947 Den nam 1950 san lifcrng cong nghiep tang 73% so vdi trtforc chien t r a n h - San xuat nong nghiep nam 1950 dat mure trtfdrc chien t r a n h - Nam 1949, L i e n X6 che tao t h a n h cong bom nguyen tuf, pha vd the doc quyen vu k h i nguyen tuf cua M i Lien Xd tiep tuc xdy dUng cd sd vat chat - ki thuat cua CNXH (tH nam 1950 den nika ddu nhitng nam 70) - Lien X6 t r d t h a n h ctfdng quoc cong nghiep dufng thuf hai t r e n the gidri (sau M l ) , chie'm khoang 20% tong san Itfong cong nghiep toan the gidri - Lien X6 la niidrc dau tien phong cong ve t i n h nhan tao cua Trai Dat Nam 1961, phong tau vu t r u PhUcfng Dong diia nha du hanh vu try Gagarin bay vong quanh T r a i Dat - Ve doi ngoai: L i e n X6 chu trtfcfng t r i hoa b i n h , an n i n h the gidri, ung ho phong tr^o giai phong dan toe, giiip da cac ntfdrc xa hoi chu nghla C a c TivCSc D o n g A u - Trong nhufng nam 1944 - 1945, k h i Hong quan Lien X6 truy kich quan dpi phat x i t qua vung Dong Au, nhan dan Dong Au noi day gianh chinh quyen va t h a n h lap cac Nha niidrc dan chu nhan dan - Cac nUdc dan chu nhan dan Dong Au da hoan cac nhiem vu quan trong: xay difng bg may nha nifdrc mdi, tien hanh cai each rugng dat, quQ'e huTu hda t a i san cua ttf ban niJcrc ngoai, ban hanh cac quyen tii dan chu vao nhufng nam 1945 - 1949 - Trong nhufng nam 1950 - 1975, cac ni/drc Dong Au thifc hien nhieu ke hoach nam nham xay diing co sdr vat cha't - k i thuat ciia chu nghla xa hgi va dat nhieu t h a n h tifu to Idrn Q u a n he hdp tac givta c a c midc x a hpi c h u n g h i a a Quan he kinh te, van hod, hhoa hoc - ki thuat - Ngay 8/1/1949, Hgi dong Tuong t r g K i n h te (viet t a t la SEV) dugc lap gom cac ntfcrc: Lien X6, Anbani, Ba Lan, Bungari, Hunggari, Rumani, Tiep Khac; sau c6 them cac nifdrc CHDC Dijfc (1950), Cong hoa Nhan dan Mong Cd (1962), Cong hoa Cuba (1972), Cong hoa Xa hgi Chu nghla Viet Nam (1978) - Mue tieu cua SEV la tang ctfdng sif hop tac giufa cac nirdc xa hgi chu nghla, thuc day sif tien bg ve khoa hge - k l thuat, khdng ngifng nang cao mufc sd^ng cua nhan dan cac nxidc vien b Quan he chinh tri - qudn syC - N g k y 14/5/1955; cac ntfcrc A n b a n i , B a L a n , B u n g a r i , C H D C Dtfc, H u n g g a r i , L i e n X6, R u m a n i , T i e p Khac da hop t a i Vacsava, cung n h a u k i H i e p ifcrc hOu n g h i , hcfp tac v a tifcfng trcf d a n h dau si/ r a dcfi cua To chuTc H i e p i/crc Vacsava - M u c t i e u : t h a n h l a p l i e n m i n h p h o n g t h u ve q u a n siT v a c h i n h t r i cua cac midc xa h o i chu n g h i a chau A u L i e n b a n g N g a ( 9 - 2000) Sau k h i L i e n X t a n r a , L i e n b a n g N g a l a "quo'c g i a ke tuc L i e n X " - V e dol n o i , N g a p h a i do'i m a t v d i h a i t h a c h thufc lorn l a t i n h t r a n g k h o n g on d i n h s i i t r a n h chap giuTa cac d a n g p h a i v a nhOfng v u x u n g dot sdc toe - Ve m a t do'i n g o a i , m o t m a t N g a n g a ve p h i i o n g T a y v d i h i v o n g n h a n di/Oc sU ung ho ve c h i n h t r i v a s i i v i e n trcr ve k i n h t e ; m a t k h a c , k h o i phuc v a p h a t t r i e n mo'i q u a n he v d i cac midc chau A - TCf dau n a m 2000, c h i n h p h u cua T o n g tho'ng P u t i n c6' gSng p h a t t r i e n k i n h te, cung cd n h a niJdrc p h a p q u y e n , o n d i n h t i n h h i n h x a h o i v ^ n a n g cao v i the quo'c te cua nildc N g a III C A C N U C I C A , P H I V A MT L A T I N H ( - 2000) S i ^ t h a n h l a p ni^dfc C p n g h o a N h a n d a n T r u n g H o a v a t h a n h ti^u 10 n a m d a u x a y di^ng c h e d o m d i (1949 - 1959) - N g a y 1/10/1949, nUdrc C o n g hoa N h a n d a n T r u n g H o a c h i n h thufc t h a n h lap, dufng dau l a C h u t i c h M a o T r a c h D o n g - D a y l a sif k i e n c6 y n g h i a l i c h suf to 16n k h o n g nhOfng do'i vdri T r u n g Quo'c ma do'i v d i p h o n g t r a o g i a i p h o n g d a n toe t r e n t h e g i d i : + C h a m dilt hcfn 100 n a m no dich cua de quoc, xoa bo t a n dif p h o n g k i e n Difa nirdc T r u n g Hoa biidc vac k i nguyen doc lap, t i i v a t i e n l e n chii n g h i a xa hoi + A n h h i f d n g sau sSc t d i p h o n g t r a o g i a i p h o n g d a n toe t h e g i d i - De k h a c phuc t i n h t r a n g ngheo n a n lac h a u , d o n g t h d i xay difng v a p h a t t r i e n dat nifdc, T r u n g Quo'c t h i i c h i e n t h a n g Igi cong cuoc k h o i phuc k i n h te (1950 - 1952) v a k e h o a c h n a m dau t i e n (1953 - 1957) Bo m a t d a t ntfdc c6 nhuTng t h a y d o i r o r e t - Ve do'i n g o a i , t h i h a n h c h i n h sach n g o a i giao t i c h c i i c n h S m cijng c6' h o a b i n h v a t h u c day sir p h a t t r i e n cua p h o n g t r a o each m a n g t h e g i d i N g a y 18/1/1950, T r u n g Qude t h i e t l a p q u a n he n g o a i giao v d i V i e t N a m C o n g c u p c c a i e a c h - m d cvLa {tH n a m 1978) - T h a n g 12/1978, T r u n g licfng D a n g C o n g san T r u n g Quo'c de r a diTcfng I d i doi m d i , mcf dau eho cong cuoc cai each k i n h te - x a h o i D i i d n g lo'i n a y diicJc F II n a n g l e n t h a n h di/cfng l o i c h u n g cua D a i h o i X I I ( t h a n g 9/ 1982), dac b i e t l a D a i h o i X I I I ( t h a n g 10/1987) cua D a n g : l a y p h a t t r i e n k i n h te l a m t r u n g t a m ; t i e n h a n h cai each v a m d cufa, c h u y e n n e n k i n h te ke hoach h o ^ t a p t r u n g sang k i n h te' t h i trtfcrng x a h o i c h u n g h l a , n h k m h i e n d a i hoa v a x a y d i t a g chu n g h i a x a h o i m a n g m a u s&c T r u n g Quo'c, vdri muc t i e u b i e n T r u n g Quo'c t h a n h quo'c gia giau m a n h , dan chu v^ van m i n h - Sau 20 n a m thtfc h i e n difcrng l o i cai each, da't niidc T r u f t g Quo'c c6 nhuTng b i e n d o i c&n b a n v a d a t nhOfng t h a n h t i i u to Idfn: + G D P t a n g t r u n g b i n h h a n g n S m 8%; n S m 2000, G D P d a t 1.080 t i U S D , dcfi song n h a n d a n difgc cai t h i e n r o r e t + D a t n h i e u t h a n h tiAi ve k h o a hoc - k l t h u a t , v a n hoa v ^ giao due Tii t h a n g 11/1999 d e n t h a n g 3/2003, T r u n g Quo'c da p h o n g t a u " T h a n C h a u " v a n g a y 15/10/2003, t a u " T h a n C h a u 5" cung n h a du h a n h D u o n g L o i V I da bay vao k h o n g g i a n v u t r y - Ve d o i n g o a i , T r u n g Quo'c c6 n h i e u t h a y d o i + D a b i n h thtfcfng h o a q u a n he vdi L i e n X , V i e t N a m , M o n g Co, k h o i phuc q u a n he n g o a i giao vdri I n d o n e x i a + Md r o n g q u a n he hufu n g h i , hap tac vdri cac ntidrc t r e n the' gidri; c6 n h i e u d o n g gop t r o n g viec g i a i quye't cac t r a n h chap quo'c te Sijf t h a n h l a p c a c q u o c g i a d p c l a p d D o n g N a m a Vai net chung ve qua trinh dau tranh gianh A doc lap - TrUdrc Chie'n t r a n h t h e gidri thuf h a i , h a u he't cac nUdrc t r o n g k h u viic (trtr T h a i L a n ) deu l a thuoc d i a cua de quoc A u - M i N g a y k h i N h a t B a n d4u h a n g D o n g m i n h , n h a n d a n cac niJdrc D o n g N a m A n h a n h c h o n g n o i day g i a n h c h i n h q u y e n , t i e u b i e u l a I n d o n e x i a , V i e t N a m v ^ L^o + N g a y 17/8/1945, n h a n d a n I n d o n e x i a t u y e n bo doc l a p va t h a n h lap niTdrc C o n g hoa I n d o n e x i a + T h a n g 8/1945, n h a n d a n V i e t N a m tie'n h a n h T o n g khdri n g h i a ; 2/9/1945, nifdrc V i e t N a m D a n chii C o n g hoa r a ddri + T h a n g 8/1945, n h a n d a n cac bo toe L a o n o i day, d e n n g a y 12/10, midc lAo t u y e n bo doc l a p - Sau do, Xhxic d a n A u - M l quay t r d l a i t a i chie'm D o n g N a m A N h a n dan cac midc D o n g N a m A l a i tie'n h a n h k h a n g c h i e n e h o n g x a m lifgc + Vdri t h a n g \ai cua chie'n d i c h D i e n B i e n P h u V i e t N a m (1954) buoc P h a p p h a i k i ke't H i e p d i n h Gionevcf cong n h a n cac quyen d a n toe cor b a n cua V i e t N a m , Lao, C a m p u c h i a + T h a n g 5/1949, H a L a n p h a i cong n h a n C o n g h o a L i e n b a n g Indonexia v a 15/8/1950, nifdrc C o n g hoa I n d o n e x i a t h o n g n h a t dtfgc t h a n h l a p + Cac nxidc A u - M i I a n lucrt cong n h a n doc l a p cua cac niTdrc P h i l i p p i n (1946), M i e n D i e n " ( ) , M a L a i (1957), X i n g a p o (1959), V i e t N a m , Lao, C a m p u c h i a (1975), B r u n a y (1984), D o n g T i m o (2002) b Lao (1945 - 1975) * Cugc khdng chien chong Phdp (1945 ~ 1954) - N g a y 12/10/1945, c h i n h p h u L a o r a m a t quoc d a n v a t u y e n bo doc l a p - T i f n S m 1945 d e n n a m 1975, n h a n d a n L^o t i e n h a n h cuoc k h a n g c h i e n chong P h a p (1945 - 1954), r o i k h a n g c h i e n c h o n g M l (1954 - 1975) - T h a n g 2/1973, H i e p d i n h V i e n g C h a n dUcfc k i k e t ve l a p l a i h o a b i n h v a thuc h i e n h o a h o p d a n toe cr Lao - N g a y 2/12/1975, niidrc C o n g hoa D a n chij N h a n d a n L a o e h i n h thufe t h a n h lap TCr do, nu'dc L a o btidre s a n g thcfi k i mdfi - xay difng d a t nifdrc v a p h a t t r i e n k i n h tS' - x a h o i c - Campuchia T i f cuoi n a m 1945 d e n n a m 1954, n h a n d a n C a m p u c h i a t i e n h a n h cuoc k h a n g c h i e n c h o n g thiTc d a n P h a p N g a y 9/11/1953, P h a p k i h i e p Lfdre trao t r a doc l a p cho C a m p u c h i a - TCr n a m 1954 d e n dau n a m 1970, c h i n h p h u X i h a n u e thifc h i e n d i i d n g l o i hoa b i n h t r u n g l a p - N g a y 17/4/1975, t h u P h n o m P e n h diioc g i a i p h o n g , cuoc k h a n g c h i e n chong M l cua n h a n d a n C a m p u c h i a k e t t h u c t h a n g l o i - N g a y 7/1/1979, t h u P h n o m P e n h dtfoc g i a i p h o n g k h o i che' Khome diet c h i i n g , C a m p u c h i a biiorc vao thcfi k i h o i s i n h , x a y d i i n g l a i d a t nxidc - Tif n a m 1979 d e n n a m 9 , d C a m p u c h i a da d i e n r a cuoc n o i c h i e n keo dai hem 10 n a m giufa liic lifcfng cua D a n g N h a n d a n C a c h m a n g vdri cac phe p h a i doi l a p , chu yeu l a life l i f a n g K h o m e Sau cuoc t o n g t u y e n cuf t h a n g 9/1993, Quoc h o i mdri da t h o n g qua H i e n p h a p , t u y e n bo' t h a n h l a p Vuang quoc N X i h a n u e l a m Quoc vifOng TC/ do, C a m p u c h i a h\i6c s a n g m o t Campuchia thcri k i m d i Q u a t r i n h x a y difng v a p h a t t r i e n c u a c a c nufdc D o n g N a m A Nhom niidc sang lap ASEAN - Sau k h i g i a n h difgc doc lap, n h o m nircrc sang lap A S E A N deu t i e n h a n h eong nghiep hoa, xay diftig n e n k i n h te t i i chu Tap t r u n g day m a n h p h a t t r i e n cac n g a n h cong nghiep san xuat h a n g t i e u d u n g n o i dia t h a y t h e h a n g n h a p k h a u - T h a n h t i i u : dap uTng difgc n h u eau cua n h a n d a n , p h a t t r i e n m o t so n g a n h che bie'n, che tao g i a i quye't n a n t h a t n g h i e p - T i f nhufng n a m 60 - 70 t r d d i , cac ruidc n a y ehuyen s a n g c h i e n lirgc lay x u a t k h a u l a m chu dao, thifc h i e n c h i n h sach " m o cufa" n e n k i n h t e , t h u h u t v o n dau tii va k i thuat cua nifdc ngoai, tap trung hang hoa de xuat khau, phat trien ngoai thi/ong - Thanh tiAi: t i trpng cong nghiep nen k i n h te quoc dan da lorn han nong nghiep, mau dich ddi ngoai tang triidng nhanh SiJf r a dofi v a p h a t t r i e n c u a to c h u ! c A S E A N - A S E A N ddi vao nijfa sau nhufng nam 60 cua the k i XX, boi canh: + Cac ntfdc k h u vifc sau k h i gianh doc lap can c6 sif hop tac vdfi phat t r i e n Cling + H a n che anh htfong ciia cac the life ben ngoai do'i vdri khu vifc + Su that bai ciia M l cuoc chien t r a n h xam lifgc Viet Nam khong the t r a n h khoi + Cac to chufc lien ke't khu viic xuat hien cang nhieu, tieu bieu la Lien m i n h chau Au - Ngay 8/8/1967, Hiep hoi cac nifdrc Dong Nam A (ASEAN) difcfc lap t a i Bang Coc (Thai Lan) v6i s\i tham gia cua niidc: Indonexia, Malaixia, Xingapo, T h a i Lan va P h i l i p p i n - Muc tieu ciia ASEAN la tien hanh hop tac giCfa cac nif6c vien nhkm phat trien k i n h te va van hoa tren t i n h than t r i hoa binh va on dinh khu vi/c - Nhang t h a n h tifu cua ASEAN: + Thang 2/1976, k i Hiep i/orc than thien va hop tac cf Dong Nam A (Hiep i/drc Bali) nham xac dinh nhufng nguyen tac ccf ban quan he giOfa cac nifcfc + Giai quyet van de Campuchia bang cac giai phap chinh t r i , nhcf quan he giiifa cac ni/