Giới từ - Ôn thi THPT Quốc Gia môn Tiếng Anh

Giới từ là từ hay cụm từ thường được dùng trước danh từ hay đại từ để chỉ mối liên hệ giữa các từ này với các thành phần khác trong câu... The librarian advised us to take full advantag[r]

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TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA MÔN TIẾNG ANH GIỚI TỪ (PREPOSITION)

* PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT A Definition

Giới từ từ hay cụm từ thường dùng trước danh từ hay đại từ để mối liên hệ từ với thành phần khác câu

B Kinds of prepositions

I PREPOSITIONS OF TIME: (Giới từ thời gian)  On

On Sunday (morning) / 25th April / New Year’s Day …

On holiday / business / duty / a trip / an excursion / fire / sale / a diet…  In

In April / 1980

In summer / spring / autumn / winter In five minutes / a few days / two years In the morning / afternoon / evening  At

At o’clock / the weekend / night / Christmas At the end of / at the age of

 From to From 1977 to 1985

 Since

Since 1985 / Monday / o’clock  For

For three days / a long time / one hour

II PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE: (Giới từ nơi chốn, địa điểm)  On

On a table / a wall / a bus / a train / a plane / the floor / a horse / television / the radio / the telephone

 In

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 For

For a walk / a swim / a drink For breakfast / lunch / dinner

(*) SOME OTHER PREPOSITIONS:

- From : từ … Ex: I am from Vietnam, I get the book from the man

- From … to … : từ … đến Ex: From o’clock to o’clock; from my house to school - Next to = near : cạnh Ex: I live near her house

- Behind : phía sau Ex: the shop is behind the postoffice

- In front of : trước Ex: my house is in front of the school

- On : Ex:the book is on the table

- Under : Ex: the pen is under the book

- In the middle of : Ex:the tree is in the middle of the yard - In : Ex: he is in the room

- Out : Ex: he is out of the room

- Opposite : đối diện Ex: my house is opposite the shop

III VERB + NOUN + PREP: (Động từ + danh từ + giới từ)

- give way to : nhượng bộ, chịu thua - give place to : nhường chỗ cho

- lose sight of : hút, khơng nhìn thấy - lose track of : dấu vết

- lose touch with: liên lạc với - make allowance for: xẫt đến, chiếu cố - make use of : dùng, tận dụng

- make fun of : chọc ghẹo, chế nhạo - make room for: dọn chỗ cho

- make a fuss over / about: làm om xòm

- catch sight of : thoáng thấy - keep pace with : theo kịp - pay attention to : ý đến

- put a stop to : put an end to: chấm dứt - set fire to: burn : phóng hỏa

- take advantage of : lợi dụng - take care of : chăm sóc

- take account of : quan tâm tới, lưu ý tới - take note of : lưu ý đến

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IV VERB + PREP: (Động từ + giới từ) 1 VERB + TO

- apologize to sb for sth - belong to

- complain to sb about sb / sth - happen to

- introduce to - listen to

- speak / talk to sb - write to

- prefer to - explain to - invite to

2 VERB + FOR - apply for - care for - pay for - look for - wait for - blame for - leave for - search for - ask for

3 VERB + ABOUT - care about

- dream about sb / sth - think about

- hear about: be told about - warn about

4 VERB + ON

- concentrate on / focus on - depend on / rely on - live on

- congratulate on - spend on

5 VERB + OF - consist of - die of - take care of - accuse of - remind of

6 VERB + AT - laugh at / smile at - shout at

- look at / stare at / glance at - point at / aim at

7 VERB + IN - succeed in - arrive in / at

8 VERB + WITH - provide with - charge with

9 VERB + FROM

- suffer from / borrow from - save / protect / prevent from V ADJECTIVE + PREP: (Tính từ + giới từ)

1 ADJ + TO - accustomed to - addicted to - harmful to

- similar to / agreeable to

2 ADJ + FOR - available for - responsible for - famous for - late for

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7 ADJ + IN - confident in - successful in - interested in - rich in

8 ADJ + WITH - equipped with - bored with - busy with - acquainted with

9 ADJ + FROM - different from - absent from - safe from

1 VERB + TO

- apologize to sb for sth - belong to

- complain to sb about sb / sth - happen to

- introduce to - listen to

- speak / talk to sb - write to

- prefer to - explain to - invite to

2 VERB + FOR - apply for - care for - pay for - look for - wait for - blame for - leave for - search for - ask for

3 VERB + ABOUT - care about

- dream about sb / sth - think about

- hear about: be told about - warn about

4 VERB + ON

- concentrate on / focus on - depend on / rely on - live on

- congratulate on - spend on

5 VERB + OF - consist of - die of - take care of - accuse of - remind of

6 VERB + AT - laugh at / smile at - shout at

- look at / stare at / glance at - point at / aim at

7 VERB + IN - succeed in - arrive in / at

8 VERB + WITH - provide with - charge with

9 VERB + FROM

- suffer from / borrow from - save / protect / prevent from V ADJECTIVE + PREP: (Tính từ + giới từ)

1 ADJ + TO - accustomed to - addicted to - harmful to

- similar to / agreeable to

- good / nice / kind / polite / rude /… to sb

- important to

2 ADJ + FOR - available for - responsible for - famous for - late for

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4 ADJ + ON - keen on - dependent on

5 ADJ + OF - afraid of / full of - aware of / tired of - ashamed of - capable of

6 ADJ + AT - surprised at - quick at - bad / good at -brilliant at 7 ADJ + IN

- confident in - successful in - interested in - rich in

8 ADJ + WITH - equipped with - bored with - busy with - acquainted with

9 ADJ + FROM - different from - absent from - safe from

* PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG Choose the correct prepositions

1 She was very surprised the grade she received

A at B on C of D about Tom’s grandfather died 1977 the age of 79 A for/at B on/in C at/in D in/at Jane doesn't spend much money clothes

A over B about C at D on She always takes good care her children

A for B in C of D with There are usually a lot of parties New Year’s Eve A in B for C on D with Mr Smith is not accustomed hot weather

A to B at C for D in Tom has to try hard to keep pace his classmates A to B with C at D for

8 The librarian advised us to take full advantage all the facilities available A of B at C for D about

9 Don't make fun that disabled boy

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16 Lan will stay there _ the beginning in September _ November A from/ to B till/ to C from/ in D till/ of

17 I would like to apply _ the position of sales clerk that you advised in the Sunday newspaper A for B to C with D in

18 I have been looking _ this book for months, and at last, I have found it A over B up C for D at

19 My sister is very keen _ eating chocolate candy

A on B with C about D at 20 Who’s going to look _ the children while you’re away?

A at B up C after D over 21 I’m not going out yet I’m waiting the rain to stop

A for B away C from D up

22 Sorry I haven’t written you for such a long time

A into B to C for D round

23 Who was that man I saw you talking in the pub?

A up B back C from D to

24 What happened the gold watch you used to have?

A with B against C for D to

25 I look stupid with this haircut Everyone will laugh me

A in B at C into D away

26 George’s salary is very low It isn’t enough to live

A about B round C on D down

27 I’ve lost my keys Can you help me look them?

A up B after C for D into

28 I believe saying what I think

A on B in C with D for

29 When I realized I was wrong, I apologized to him my mistake

A at B for C up D before

30 Would you care _a cup of coffee?

A for B about C of D with

31 When I heard he had passed his examination, I phoned him to congratulate him his success

A back B over C on D with

32 Three students were accused _cheating in the examination

A on B off C with D of

33 We had an enormous meal It consisted _seven courses

A off B of C in D up

34 I’m really satisfied _ what I have

A with B along C back D out

35 I feel sorry Bob He has no friends and no money

A with B about C for D by

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37 I wasn’t very impressed the film

A back B up C by D through

38 I’m sure you are capable passing the examination

A round B along C among D of

39 Are you interested art and architecture

A from B for C up D in

40 Mary is very fond animals She has three cats and two dogs

A about B since C of D between

41 We are grateful our teacher

A with B about C to D out

42 I’m a bit short money Can you lend me some?

A at B over C of D down

43 I was amazed her knowledge of French Literature

A by B about C of D off

44 He is excellent playing the flute

A at B over C to D behind

45 Why are you always so jealous other people?

A on B of C in D below

46 He was proud himself for not giving up

A of B during C after D under

47 Are you excited going on holiday next week?

A into B about C above D over

48 You get fed up doing the same thing every day

A between B up C against D with

49 I’m really satisfied _what I have

A with B along C back D out

50 It’s silly _you to go out without a coat You’ll catch cold

A to B of C since D by

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