TOM TAT KIEN THUC TA-TTBIN sua ngay 12042021

THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN Cơng thức: a Khẳng định: S + V1/S/ES … b Phủ định: S + DO / DOES + NOT + V0 … c Nghi vấn: DO / DOES + S + V0 … ? Cách dùng: Diễn tả chân lý, thói quen ngày, thật tại, hành động xảy sau tương lai: Từ gợi ý: always, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally, frequently, normally, as a rule, seldom, rarely, never, every + tgian, … Ví dụ: The earth goes around the Sun She usually attends our club He never gets up late every morning THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN Công thức: a Khẳng định: S + AM / IS / ARE + VING … b Phủ định: S + AM / IS / ARE + NOT + VING … c Nghi vấn: AM / IS / ARE + S + VING ….? Cách dùng: Diễn tả hành động xảy lúc nói; xảy (có kế hoạch thực hiện) Từ gợi ý: now, at present, at the moment, Look!; Be quiet!; Keep silent! Ví dụ: She is cooking in the kitchen now I am doing my homework at present Look! They are approaching us THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN Công thức: S + V2/ED … a Khẳng định: S + WAS / WERE + VING … S + DID NOT + V0 … b Phủ định: S + WAS / WERE + NOT + VING … DID + S + V0 … ? c Nghi vấn: WAS / WERE + S + VING … ? Cách dùng: Diễn tả hành động xảy Cách dùng: Diễn tả hành động xảy chấm dứt; thời điểm giai đoạn khứ hành động xen vào hđộng xảy sau qkhứ Từ gợi ý: at+ tgian cụ thể; from + tgian + to + tgian Từ gợi ý: yesterday, ago, last/in + tgian qkhứ, in the qkhứ; during + tgian qkhứ; while; when; as past, before Ví dụ: Were you doing homework at 7:00 p.m Ví dụ: We didn’t make any mistakes yesterday? He helped you overcome the problem What was Tom doing from 7:00 to 7:45 I saw Nam yesterday a.m yesterday? Last night, we talked to him in the hall Công thức: a Khẳng định: b Phủ định: c Nghi vấn: THÌ HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH Cơng thức: a Khẳng định: S + HAVE / HAS + V3/ED … b Phủ định: S + HAVE / HAS +NOT + V3/ED … c Nghi vấn: HAVE / HAS + S + V3/ED … ? Cách dùng: Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu khứ vừa chấm dứt xảy htại chí cịn xảy tglai; diễn tả hành động lặp lặp lại nhiều lần Từ gợi ý: just, already, ever, never (giữa have/ has với V3/ed) lately, recently, so far (cuối câu/ mệnh đề); yet (cuối câu phủ định) since + mốc tgian, for + khoảng tgian, until now, up to now, till now, once, twice, số lượng + times; before This is the + thứ tự + noun + S + have / has + V3/ED… This is the + so sánh + noun +S+ have / has +(ever) + V3/ED… Nhớ kỹ: S + have / has + V3/ED…+ since + S + V2/ED … THÌ TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN Cơng thức: a Khẳng định: b Phủ định: c Nghi vấn: S + WILL / SHALL + V0 … S + WILL / SHALL + NOT + V0 … WILL / SHALL + S + V0 …? Ghi chú: will not = won’t ; shall not = shan’t Cách dùng: Diễn tả hành động xảy ra; dự đoán chung chung; lời hứa, cho giúp đỡ… Từ gợi ý: tomorrow, later, next + tgian / noun; in + tgian tglai, in the future Ví dụ: I will come to your party tomorrow He won’t come here tomorrow THÌ Q KHỨ HỒN THÀNH Cơng thức: a Khẳng định: S + HAD + V3/ED … b Phủ định: S + HAD NOT + V3/ED … c Nghi vấn: HAD + S + V3/ED …? Cách dùng: Diễn tả hành động xảy trước thời điểm hành động khác khứ Từ gợi ý: after, as soon as, no sooner … than, before, when, as, by the time + S V2/ed… Ví dụ: As soon as you had gone out, a thief entered your house No sooner had you gone out than a thief entered your house THÌ TƯƠNG LAI HỒN THÀNH Cơng thức: a Khẳng định: S + will / shall + have + V3/ED … b Phủ định: S + will / shall + not have + V3/ED … c Nghi vấn: Will / Shall + S + have + V3/ED ….? Cách dùng: Diễn tả hành động hoàn thành trước thời điểm hành động khác tương lai Từ gợi ý: by the time + S V1/s/es …; by + tgian tglai; by next + tgian; by this time + tgian tglai Ví dụ: By the time you come, they will have left for London I will have finished my project by next May By this time next week, we won’t have finished our report In 2100, all creatures will still be alive GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn ĐT: 0916829468 “CHO DÙ/ MẶC DÙ” IN SPITE OF DESPITE Ving phrase Noun phrase THOUGH EVEN THOUGH S + V … ALTHOUGH Ví dụ: Although I have everything, I’m not happy Despite having everything, I’m not happy Though you are a rich man, you can’t buy love In spite of a rich man, you can’t buy love IN CASE / IN CASE OF (Trong trường hợp / Phòng khi) IN CASE OF + Ving phrase Noun phrase IN CASE + S + V + … Ví dụ: Take an umbrella with you in case it rains Take an umbrella with you in case of the rain In case you don’t see Nam, bring this gift to his parents’ In case of not seeing Nam, bring this gift to his parents’ In case of war, they would help the wounded email: tuanavttb@gmail.com BECAUSE/ BECAUSE OF (bởi vì) BECAUSE OF + Ving phrase / Noun phrase BECAUSE + S + V …… Ví dụ: Because he is smart, he can this exercise Because of being smart, he can this exercise Because he was absent from class, he couldn’t understand the lessons Because of his absence from class, he couldn’t understand the lessons CÁCH PHÁT ÂM -S/-ES CUỐI TỪ Mẹo: /iz/ o sh z s ch x ge ce /s/ k th t f gh p ph /z/ Các nguyên âm phụ âm lại Mẹo nhớ lâu: /iz/: ông, Sháu, zà, sợ, chị, xui, gê, /s/: khơng, thuộc, tớ, fải, ghi, pài, phạt /z/ cịn lại Ngoại lệ: + Các chữ ploughs, cloths, clothes, baths -s phát âm /z/ s/es CÁCH PHÁT ÂM -ED CUỐI TỪ Mẹo: /id/ d t -ed /t/ k ch f x sh ce th ph gh p s /d/ Các nguyên âm phụ âm lại Mẹo nhớ lâu: /t/: khi, chạy, éf, xe, SH, có, thằng, phải, ghé, pác, sĩ Ngoại lệ: + naked /’neikid/ + Các chữ ploughed, bathed, breathed -ed phát âm /d/ + Chữ hundred -ed phát âm /əd/ CẤU TRÚC “….TOO … FOR O … TO….” (… … cho O + nên / để + làm … ) S + V + TOO + adj/adv + (FOR O) + TO V0 … Ghi chú: S + BE / linking V + TOO + adj + (FOR O) + TO V0 … S + Vthường + TOO + adv + (FOR O) + TO V0 … Trang CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI (Dạng thường) Cấu tạo chung câu hỏi đuôi:    Phần trình bày + , + phần câu hỏi +? Phần câu hỏi có chữ S phần câu hỏi đuôi phải đại từ tương đương S phần trình bày S + Vđb + …, Vđb +n’t + S? S + Vđb + not…, Vđb + S? S + VS/ES + …, doesn’t + S? S + V1 + …, don’t + S? S + V2/ED + …, didn’t + S? I am + …, aren’t I? I am + …, am not I? I am not + …, am I? SUY LUẬN CĨ LƠ-GIC Suy luận điều tại: S + MUST V0 … : S + có lẽ làm … - He is absent now He must get sick Suy luận điều khứ: S+ MUST HAVE V3/ED … : S + có lẽ làm … - He was absent yesterday He must have got sick Ví dụ: - The exercise was too easy for him to in ten minutes - The problem becomes too difficult for me to solve - The time goes by too quickly for me to the exercise - He looks too passive to these social activities GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn ĐT: 0916829468 CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN Loại 1a: Điều kiện luôn đúng: IF + S + V1/S/ES + …., S + V1/S/ES + … Loại 1b: Điều kiện xảy tại/ tương lai: IF + S + V1/S/ES + …., S + will + V0+ … Loại 2: Điều kiện xảy tại/ tương lai: IF + S + were / V2/ED + …., S + would + V0 + … Loại 3: Điều kiện xảy khứ: IF + S + had V3/ED + …., S + would have + V3/ED + … Đảo ngữ CĐK loại 3: Had + S + V3/ED + …., S + would have + V3/ED + … CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT (Để làm trắc nghiệm) Diễn tả bắt buộc: S + MUST V0 ….: PHẢI LÀM … - Teacher: “You must these exercises.” - Father: You must go home before 9:00p.m - He must change his attitudes toward love and marriage email: tuanavttb@gmail.com Trang CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG Câu bị động thường có là: BE + V3/ed … Cấu trúc thường gặp: S + BE V3/ED … (BY + O.) Cấu trúc đặc biệt: It + is / was + V3/ED + THAT + S + V … S + is / was + V3/ED + TO V0 … S + is / was + V3/ED + TO HAVE V3/ED … S + have / get + something + V3/ED … Svật + need + VING … = Svật + need to be+ V3/ED … CÂU ƯỚC AO Những điều cần nhớ: Ước ao điều xảy htại/ tglai: Khơng đổi lùi khi: Động từ giới thiệu (Vgt) S + WISH + TO V0 … tại; câu trực tiếp điều luôn đúng; câu điều kiện loại 1a, loại 2, loại Ước ao điều xảy htại/ tglai: Trong câu gián tiếp: Vgt khơng có say to, said to, tell WERE …… to, told to Nhưng có say, said, tell, told S + WISH + (THAT)+ S + COULD V0 … Trong câu gián tiếp, Vgt q khứ: Khơng có V2/ED …… từ GẦN mà có từ XA Phải nắm vững cách đổi đại từ, cách đổi lùi Ước ao điều xảy khứ: Nên thuộc thơ hướng dẫn đổi S+ WISH + (THAT) + S + HAD V3/ED …… TÓM TẮT CÁCH DÙNG ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ (1) … Người + WHO + V … … Người + (prep) + WHOM + S + V … … Vật + (prep) + WHICH + …… ….NOUN1 + WHOSE + NOUN2 + V … CÂU NHỜ VẢ ….nhờ người ta + làm S + HAVE / GET + something + V3/ED … Ví dụ: I have my windows painted Ghi chú: NOUN2 thuộc / NOUN1 … nhờ + làm… …thời gian + WHEN / PREP+WHICH + S + V… S + HAVE + somebody + V0 … …nơi chốn + WHERE / PREP+WHICH + S + V… Ví dụ: Nam has a good chef cook this eel soup …lý + WHY / FOR WHICH + S + V … ….nhờ + làm … Ghi chú: Nếu khơng dùng WHEN WHERE S + GET + somebody + TO V0 … dùng GIỚI TỪ + WHICH Ví dụ: Mai gets Peter to help her with practising THAT thay cho WHO, WHOM WHICH English MĐQH có giới hạn (khơng có dấu phẩy) CÁCH DÙNG ENOUGH A Cần nhớ: ENOUGH đứng trước danh từ ENOUGH đứng sau tính từ trạng từ ĐỂ MÀ (KHÔNG) SO THAT S + V …… IN ORDER THAT SO AS (NOT) TO IN ORDER (NOT) TO V0 …… B Cấu trúc: TO S + V + ENOUGH + noun + (FOR O) + TO V0 … Ví dụ: He studies hard so that he can pass the exam S + BE/ linking V + adj + ENOUGH + (FOR O) + He studies hard in order that he can pass the TO V0 … exam He studies hard to pass the exam S + Vthường + adv + ENOUGH + (FOR O) + TO V0 … He studies hard so as to pass the exam He studies hard in order not to fail the exam (FOR O FOR somebody FOR something) Cần nhớ: Khơng dùng có NOT TO V0 GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn CH ĐT: 0916829468 MẸO ĐỌC “CH”, “C”, “X” /t∫/ hầu hết /k/ sch-, chr-, che-, mechanic, ache /∫/ machine, parachute, chef, champaign, email: tuanavttb@gmail.com AGE Trang MẸO ĐỌC “AGE”, “G”,“QU”, / idʒ/ usage, advantage, dosage, message, garbage, luggage, drainage,… đa số /eidʒ/ age, teenage, cage, engage, stage /a:dʒ/ massage, garage, collage, montage C /k/ hầu hết /s/ ce-, -ce, ci-, sce-, sci/∫/ ocean, -cial, -cian, -cious, -cient, -ciate G T /t/ hầu hết / ∫/ -tial, -tient, -tion, -tiate, /t∫/ question QU /kw/ queue, quote, quit, quite, quiet, … Nhưng cheque, picturesque -que phát âm /k/ MẸO ĐỌC “S”, “X”, “J”, “ICE” /s/ hầu hết “s” đầu chữ, chữ, cuối chữ S /z/ nguyên âm, nguyên âm y, cuối chữ (xem cách phát âm -s/es cuối) /∫/ sure, sugar Lưu ý: house /haus/, houses /’hauziz/ X /ks/ mix, fix, six, X-mas, X-ray, … J /dʒ/ just, June, July, Jane, justice, judge ICE /is/ police, surplice, Alice, /ais/ ice, slice, nice, rice, mice, lice, MẸO ĐỌC “OO”, “OOR”, “OE”, “ORE” /u:/ hầu hết OO /u/ -ook, good, mood, foot, boot /ʌ/ blood, flood OOR /ɔ:/ door, floor OE /u:/ shoes, canoe, /əu/ Joe, toe, foe ORE /ɔ:/ more, chore, tore, wore, bore, core,… MẸO ĐỌC “OU” /ʌ/ cousin, rough, tough, enough, … /əu/ though, although, … /g/ get, give, ga-, go-, gu-: hầu hết /dʒ/ ge-, gi-, -gy MẸO ĐỌC “EA”, “EAR”, “EER”, “EE”, “EI”, “IE” /i:/ hầu hết EA /ei/ great, break, beefsteak, breakfast /e/ head, spread, deaf, instead, steady Lưu ý: real /’riəl/ EAR, EER /iə/ hear, near, fear, cheer, engineer Lưu ý: tear /tiə/ (n) nước mắt; tear /teə/ (v) xé nát EE, EI, IE /i:/ meet, beef, sleep, feet, steel, kneel, teeth, receive, ceiling, belief, believe, achieve, niece… I MẸO ĐỌC “I”, “Y”, “IR” /ai/ I, mine, shine, five, fine, kind, nice, mice /i/ miss, kiss, his, mix, click, hit, fit, chicken /ə/ ability, possibility, Y /ai/ apply, shy, sky, beautify, supply, /i/ sunny, cloudy, friendly, lucky, windy /j/ you, young, yatch, yell, year, yeah, youth IR /ə/ -ir-, -ir: shirt, skirt, sir, stir,… /i/ ir-: irregular, irrespondent, MẸO ĐỌC “O” /ɔ/ hot, not, pot, respond, pond, cost, borrow, sorrow, object, got, common /au/ drought, mountain, couch, ouch, out, shout, house, mouse, loud, cloud, amount, account, lousy, ounce, pronounce, announce, pound, found, bounce, /ɔ/ trough, cough,… /ɔ:/ thought, bought, sought, wrought, ought to, /u/ could, would, should, /u:/ boulevard, bougie, louvre, ouzel, /ə/ thorough, borough, GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn B W H K G /ɔ:/ off, thorough, lost, /əu/ go, no, gloves, close, tone, phone, throne, most, host, lonely, alone, obese, nose /ə/ of, obedient, obey, comb, complain, common /ʌ/ ton, none, son, tongue, month, mother, brother, love, won, one, wonderful, cover, become /u:/ move, prove, improve, woman, lose, wolf /i:/ women, ĐT: 0916829468 MẸO ĐỌC “B”, “W”, “H”, “G” /b/ hầu hết /câm/ -mb, -bt Ngoại lệ: timber /’timbə/, /w/ hầu hết /câm/ wr-, who, whose, whom, whole, two /h/ hầu hết /câm/ rh-, hour, hon, honour, vehicle, exhaust, honest, honesty, ghost /k/ hầu hết /câm/ kn-, /g/ signal, signature hầu hết /câm/ gn-, -gn MẸO ĐỌC “ACE”, “EW”, “OW” /eis/ face, race, trace, grace, disgrace, shoe1 ACE lace, lacelike, laceless, mace, dace, pace, ace /is/ surface, necklace /ju/ new, few, fewness, knew, ewer, ewe, news EW /u:/ flew, lewd, /əu/ sew, /əu/ sow, know, low, show, shown, showy, lowness, blown, flown, blowpipe, known, tow, OW towage, own, owe, owl, row /au/ how, now, wow, cow, shower, town, clown, down, clown, towel, vowel, plow email: tuanavttb@gmail.com Trang MẸO ĐỌC “U” /ju/ uni-, ub-, ud-, uk-, mule-, -uli-, -ula-, Ugandan, /u/ put, push, bush, nub+nguyên âm, /u:/ uhlan, Ulama /ʌ/ ug-, ul-, um-, mud-, mug-, mulc-, mull-, mult-, um-, -um-, nub+phụ âm, /ə/ ur-, -ur, -ur-, -ure /i/ business, busy, /e/ bury GH SC WH N MẸO ĐỌC “GH”, “SC” /f/ hầu hết /câm/ -ght, thigh, though, although, borough, plough, /sk/ hầu hết /s/ sce-, sci-, muscle /w/ hầu hết /h/ who, whom, whose, whole, wholly /n/ hầu hết /ŋ/ -nk, -ndk, -ng /câm/ -mn MẸO TÌM DẤU TRỌNG ÂM Từ =2 vần: Stress vần đầu từ Noun, Adj, Adv, -en, -ow, -ure, -ing Stress vần sau từ Verb, prep, although, beNgoại lệ: limit, visit, gather, allow, event,… Từ >=3 vần: Stress vần thứ kể từ vần cuối Đặc biệt với từ >=2 vần: 3a Stress vần tận -ade, -aire, -ee, -een, -eer, -ese, -oo, -oon Ngoại lệ: décade, commíttee MẸO NHẬN DẠNG MỘT TỪ LOẠI Noun: •Noun người: V-ant, -ar, -ee, -eer, -er, -ese, -ess, -ian, -ist, -or, -ress,… • Noun vật: -acy, -ance, -ation, -cy, -dom, -een, -ence, -ety, -hood, , -ice, -ics, -ier, -ion, -ism, -ity, -ix, -let, -ment, - ness, -ology, -ry, -ship, -sis, -tude, … Adj: -able, -al, -ant, -ary, -ent, -ful, -ible, -ic, -ical, -ory, -ious, -ish, -ive, -less, -like, N-ly, -some, -uous, -y,… 3b Stress vần trước vần tận -ial, -ian, -iar, Adv: Adj-ly, -wards, -ally, … -ic, -ics, -ical, -iant, -iance, -ient, -ience, -ion, -ious, Verb: -ate, -fy, -ise, -ize, N/Adj-en, en-adj,… -ure,… Ngoại lệ: pólitics TRẬT TỰ CÁC TỪ LOẠI “….CŨNG VẬY” Mạo từ Giới từ Giới từ Tính từ sở hữu Động từ adv adj noun Động từ Số thứ tự Dấu Dấu câu Số lượng câu Lưu ý: - S + be/ linking verb + (very) + adj + - S + Vthường + (very) + adv + - Compound Noun = Noun + Noun - Adj dạng VING V3/ED GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn 10 11 ĐT: 0916829468 CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU LÀ V-ING can’t bear chịu đựng can’t stand chịu đựng can’t help không can’t resist nhịn be busy bận rộn be worth xứng đáng It’s no good thật không tốt It’s no use vô dụng have trouble gặp rắc rối have difficulty gặp khó khăn feel like cảm thấy thích CÁCH DÙNG MẠO TỪ THE the + so sánh / số thứ tự / the + danh từ đề cập đến lần thứ hai trở the + danh từ đề cập đến lần đầu ngầm hiểu the + nơi giải trí, văn phịng, nơi công cộng, văn kiện the + nhạc cụ (như violin, piano, drum, flute, organ…) the + ADJ để tạo danh từ số nhiều giai tầng the + School / College / University + of + Địa danh the + khu vực địa lý the + danh từ riêng có -S/ES cuối 10 the + tên tàu, xe lửa, máy bay tiếng 11 the + tác phẩm văn học nghệ thuật 12 the + sơng/ hồ/vịnh/dãy núi có –S/-ES cuối TÍNH TỪ HOẶC TRẠNG TỪ NGẮN Cũng vậy: có cách nói sau: a1 S + Vđb + … SO + Vđb + S a2 S + V1/S/ES +… SO + / does + S a3 S + V2/ED +… SO + did + S b1 S + Vđb + … S+ Vđb +EITHER b2 S + V1/S/ES +… S+ / does + EITHER b3 S + V2/ed+… S+ did + EITHER c1 S + Vđb + … S+ Vđb +, + TOO c2 S + V1/S/ES +… S+ / does + , + TOO c3 S + V2/ED+… S+ did + , + TOO email: tuanavttb@gmail.com Trang CÁCH DÙNG MẠO TỪ A/AN A + từ bắt đầu phụ âm “UNI-” AN + từ bắt đầu nguyên âm “H” câm A/AN + danh từ số ít, đếm A/AN + danh từ lần đầu đề cập đến A/AN + danh từ nghề nghiệp A/AN dùng để đưa nhận định chung chung A/AN dùng để nói số lần MỘT khoảng tgian too/ so/ as + adj + A/AN + Noun quite/ such/ very/ half + A/AN + adj + Noun 10 A/ AN dùng câu hô thán KHƠNG DÙNG MẠO TỪ TRƯỚC: Các mơn thể thao, danh từ khoa học, nghệ thuật Tước hiệu + danh từ riêng người Ngày tuần; tháng, mùa năm Danh từ trừu tượng, danh từ bữa ăn Các danh từ số nhiều đại diện lồi định Tên sơng, hồ, núi, quốc gia khơng có -S/ES cuối Tên môn học phổ thông Tên người, tên tạp chí, tên châu lục Các bữa ăn: breakfast, brunch, lunch, dinner, supper 10 Địa danh + School / College / University … SO SÁNH HƠN VÀ SO SÁNH NHẤT So sánh hơn: (Comparative) Chỉ có vần vần với -y, -er, -ow, -ure, -ant, -ble, a Với tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn: -ple, -tle cuối, quiet … adj-ER/ adv-ER + (THAN) … Ví dụ: thin, big, fat, small, large, happy, pretty, funny, b Với tính từ/ trạng từ dài: clever, narrow, mature, pleasant, noble, simple, gentle … MORE / LESS + adj / adv + (THAN) … Ngoại lệ: guilty, eager tính từ dài So sánh nhất: (Superlative) a Với tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn: Lưu ý: Các chữ quiet, clever, narrow, simple, friendly có … THE + adj-EST / adv-EST … thể xem tính từ dài tính từ ngắn b Với tính từ/ trạng từ dài: Nhưng thơng thường ta ưu tiên dùng chúng tính từ ngắn … THE + MOST / LEAST + adj / adv … … CÀNG NGÀY CÀNG … a Với tính từ / trạng từ ngắn: adj AN adj … ER D ER adv adv Ví dụ: The boy is taller and taller He works harder and harder b Với tính từ / trạng từ dài: … MORE AND MORE + adj/adv … … LESS AND LESS + adj/adv … Ví dụ: The boy is more and more handsome He drives less and less carelessly … GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn ĐT: 0916829468 ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU LÀ V-ING Gồm: admit dread keep repent appreciate enjoy love require avoid escape mention resent catch excuse mind risk contemplate face miss shirk consider fancy postpone spend deny finish practise stand delay forgive prefer suggest detest hate purpose tolerate dislike imagine recollect waste SO SÁNH CỦA CÁC TỪ ĐẶC BIỆT Adj good bad Adv well badly far far old old many much little comparative better worse farther further older elder superlative best worst farthest furthest oldest eldest more most less least email: tuanavttb@gmail.com Trang ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU LÀ V0 Modals: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, ought to, needn’t, had better, would rather, won’t, shan’t, (dare) Trợ động từ: DO, DOES, DID …let / make / help + … + V0 … Lưu ý: ….be + made / helped + TO V0 … ….SUGGEST + somebody + V0 … ….SUGGEST + that + S + V0 … Dùng V0 giả định (Xem HTGĐ) Động từ giác quan, nhận thức: see, hear, watch, notice,… CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP CHỦ TỪ SỐ ÍT V-ING VÀ V3/ED DÙNG NHƯ TÍNH TỪ Một môn học; tin tức; bệnh tật; số tiền; khoảng thời gian; khoảng cách; khối Nguyên tắc chung: lượng; tổ chức; quốc gia, dân tộc; địa a V-ING dùng Adj mang ý nghĩa chủ động danh: Các từ có –S/ES cuối b V3/ED dùng Adj mang ý nghĩa bị động THE NUMBER OF + NOUN Mẹo vặt để làm bài: (Xác xuất trúng cao) Cụm từ bắt đầu One of; Every; Each; Any; The a SVẬT + V + V-ING(LY) … only; Someone; Somebody; Something b … + VING + VẬT… Hai danh từ nối với AND c SNGƯỜI + V + V3/ED(-LY) … đối tượng d … + V3/ED + NGƯỜI… Một mệnh đề bắt đầu THAT như: e … + MAKE + O + V3/ED… THAT + S V …: chủ từ số Cụm động từ bắt đầu VING TO V0 IT WAS NOT UNTIL….THAT … (Mãi khi…… ……) Mốc tgian It was not until that + S + V2/ED… S + V2/ED… Ví dụ: She didn’t become a teacher until 1990 → It was not until 1990 that he became a teacher He didn’t come home until late in the evening CÂU CHẺ It be + noun / pron + who / that + V + O … Ví dụ: Nam helped you → It was Nam who / that helped you * It is I who am responsible for the problem It be + noun / pron + who / whom / that + S +V… Ví dụ: Nam helps Mai → It is Mai who / that Nam helps → It was not until late in the evening that he came home He didn’t know how to swim until he was 30 years old → It was not until he was 30 years old that he knew how to swim * It is me who/ that is responsible for the problem It be + prep + noun / pron + that + S V + O… It was on his birthday that we were dancing merrily It was at the shop that Nam bought a present for Mai ĐẢO NGỮ GIỮA CHỦ TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ Cấu tạo: Từ để đảo ngữ + Vđb + S + … QUÁ KHỨ GIẢ ĐỊNH Cách dùng: QKGĐ dùng để đưa giả định xảy tương lai Cấu tạo: WERE … S+ WOULD V0 … V2/ED … Ứng dụng: QKGĐ dùng câu điều kiện loại 2, câu ước ao (WISH), dùng sau chữ thể (AS IF AS THOUGH) để diễn tả điều xảy tương lai Ví dụ: If I were you, I would marry her He acts as if he could know everything Từ để đảo ngữ gồm: Never (không bao giờ), Rarely (hiếm khi), Seldom (hiếm khi), Scarcely (hiếm khi), Hardly (khó lịng mà), Only (chỉ), Not only (không những), So (quá), Such (quá), Either (hoặc), Neither (khơng), Not (khơng), No (khơng), Under no circumstances (khơng có lý gì), No more (khơng cịn… nữa), No longer (khơng cịn… nữa), … Ví dụ: No more does he work for that company GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn ĐT: 0916829468 ĐỘNG TỪ ĐẶC BIỆT Nhóm 1: AM, IS, ARE, WAS, WERE (V theo sau TO V0, V-ING, V3/ED) Nhóm 2: CAN, COULD, WILL, WOULD, SHALL, SHOULD, MAY, MIGHT, MUST, OUGHT TO, NEEDN’T, HAD BETTER, WOULD RATHER, WON’T, SHAN’T, (DARE) (V theo sau động từ khiếm khuyết V0) Nhóm 3: Trợ động từ: DO, DOES, DID (V theo sau V0 do, does, did đặc biệt) Nhóm 4: Trong hồn thành: HAVE, HAS, HAD (V theo sau V3/ED have, has, had đặc biệt) GIỚI TỪ ĐỨNG TRƯỚC THỜI GIAN “IN” năm, “IN” tháng, “IN” mùa Sáng, chiều, tối vừa ba “IN” Đổi lấy “AT” làm tin Tính ngày, tính thứ phải tìm đến “ON” Ngay trưa, đêm tối hỏi dồn Xin thưa “AT” hồn tồn hai Cịn ngày tháng thêm dài Thì “ON” đặt trước khơng sai chỗ Ngày lễ cơng chúng sao? Cứ việc dùng “AT” đời sai đâu CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP CHỦ TỪ LÀ DANH TỪ GHÉP Khi danh từ ghép từ nhiều từ loại khác nhau, muốn xác định số hay số nhiều phải dựa vào Noun nào? N1 + or / nor / but also + N2: Dựa vào N2 N1 + prep1 + N2 + prep2 + N3 ….: Dựa vào N1 email: tuanavttb@gmail.com Trang …CÀNG … THÌ … CÀNG … THE + SS HƠN + (S V), THE + SS HƠN + (S V) Ví dụ: - The taller boy is, the happier they feel - The harder he works, the healthier he is -The more handsome he is, the more girlfriends he has - The more carefully he drives the car, the fewer accidents he causes - The harder he works, the more tired he feels - The less intelligent he is, the slower she solves the problem CÁCH DÙNG GIỚI TỪ TRƯỚC NƠI CHỐN below next to on around above in beside behind at under over in front of out between CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP CHỦ TỪ SỐ NHIỀU Ssố nhiều + V1 / don’t V0 / WERE + … A Danh từ số nhiều đếm được: danh từ có –s/-es cuối từ No / None / Most / A lot+ of + danh từ số nhiều đếm B Các danh từ số nhiều khơng có -s/es cuối: được: Là chủ từ số nhiều People, children, men, women, oxen, geese, mice, lice, poultry, cattle, feet, teeth No / None / Most / A lot+ of + danh từ không đếm The + Adj được: Là chủ từ số The + thuộc quốc gia có -ese; -ch; -sh The + danh từ tập hợp Phân số/ phần trăm+ of + danh từ số nhiều đếm A NUMBER OF + NOUNsnđđ được: Là chủ từ số nhiều Phân số/ phần trăm + of + danh từ không đếm được: Là chủ từ số PHRASAL VERBS CẦN NHỚ Phrasal verb = Verb + adv/ prep/ adv + prep CALL + in / on / at / for / of / out / up DIE + of / off / for / by / out / down / away GET + up / off / on / along with / back / over / in GIVE + up / away / off / back / in GO + up / down / over / back / away / off / by / on / out / after / into / through / with KEEP + on / off / away / up with LOOK + at / for / down / over / up / after / into TAKE + after / off / up / over / in / out / back / down THINK + about / of / over 10 TURN+ on / off / out / over / up / into GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn ĐT: 0916829468 VÀI TÍNH TỪ TRƯỚC GIỚI TỪ CẦN NHỚ (1) ABOUT: excited, sad, confused,… AT: good, bad, present, skillful, clever, quick,… BY: frightened, surprised, delighted,… FOR: late, responsible, useful, available, thankful, sorry, difficult, famous, … FROM: absent, safe, different, … IN: interested, successful, rich, absorbed,… OF: afraid, fond, proud, tired, capable, aware, full ON / UPON: reliable, dependent,… TO: harmful, acceptable, kind, open, pleasant, 10 WITH: satisfied, crowded, bored, familiar, pleased, friendly, well-fitted, popular, disappointed, angry,… email: tuanavttb@gmail.com Trang VÀI ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUY TẮC CẦN NHỚ (1) be - was/were - been fall - fell - fallen bear - bore - born feel - felt - felt begin - began - begun find - found - found break - broke - broken get - got - got (gotten) bring - brought - brought give - gave - given build - built - built go - went - gone buy - bought - bought hold - held - held come - came - come keep - kept - kept - did - done know - knew - known drive - drove - driven leave - left - left eat - ate - eaten lose - lost - lost MẸO ĐỔI “…TOO…FOR…TO…” THÀNH “…SO ….THAT…” Dạng 1: SA V1/S/ES + TOO + adj/ adv + FOR OB + TO V0 … = SA V1/S/ES SO+ adj/adv THAT + SB cannot V0 … Ví dụ: The water is too hot for me to drink → The water is so hot that I cannot drink Dạng 2: S V2/ED + TOO + adj / adv + FOR OB TO V0 … = S V2/ED SO + adj / adv + THAT + SB + could not V0 … Ví dụ: They talked too loudly for me to hear you → They talked so loudly that I could not hear you MẸO ĐỔI “…TOO…FOR…TO…” THÀNH “IF / UNLESS…” (Dạng 1) MẸO ĐỔI “…TOO…FOR…TO…” THÀNH “IF/UNLESS…” (Dạng 2) S + V1/S/ES + TOO + adj /adv + for O + TO V0 … WERE NOT I Adj S TOO S COULD V0 … F Adv, DID NOT V0 Ví dụ: The water is too hot for me to drink If the water weren’t (too) hot, I could drink S + do/does + not V0 + TOO + adj / adv + for O + TO V0 … = IF + S + WERE / V2/ED + adj / adv, S + could V0 … Ví dụ: → He doesn’t start too quickly for us to wait for him If he started (too) quickly, we could wait for him S + V2/ED + TOO + adj /adv + for O + TO V0 … = IF S had not V3/ED (too) adj/adv, S could have V3/ED … Ví dụ: He talked too much for her to remember → If he had not talked (too) much, she could have remembered S did not V0 TOO + adj /adv + for O TO V0 … = IF S had V3/ED (too) adj/adv, S could have V3/ED … Ví dụ: He weren’t too active for us to choose If he had been (too) active, we could have chosen her MẸO ĐỔI “BECAUSE…” THÀNH “IF / UNLESS…” A Because + S V1/S/ES …, S V … = If S were(n’t)/ V2/ED /didn’t V0 …, S would (not) V0 … Because you are late, you are not allowed to come in → If you weren’t late, you would be allowed to come in Because you don’t eat fish, we won’t order it for you → If you ate fish, we would order it for you B Because + S + V2/ED / didn’t V0…, S V … = If S had(n’t) V3/ED …, S would (not) have V3/ED … Because you weren’t old enough, we didn’t let you enter → If you had been old enough, we would have let you enter MẸO ĐỔI “…THEN…” THÀNH “AFTER …… HOẶC (AFTER) HAVING…” S1 + V2/ED … THEN, S2 + V2/ED … = AFTER + S1 + HAD V3/ED …, S2 + V2/ED … Nam finished his task Then you came in → After Nam had finished his task, you came in S1 + V2/ED … THEN, S1 + V2/ED … = AFTER + S1 + HAD V3/ED …, S1 + V2/ED … = (AFTER) + HAVING V3/ED …, S1 + V2/ED … Nam finished his task Then, he went to bed → After Nam had finished his task, he went to bed → (After) having finished his task, Nam went to bed GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn ĐT: 0916829468 ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ “THAT” A Không dùng THAT: Khi trước THAT giới từ; dấu phẩy; danh từ riêng; câu tường thuật thuật lại câu hỏi (Yes / No WH-) B Bắt buộc dùng THAT: It + be + adj +… … Người + AND + Vật + … … the + only / unique + Noun + … … the + so sánh + Noun + … … the + số thứ tự + Noun + … THAT + … TỪ ĐỊNH LƯỢNG + danh từ không đếm + danh từ đếm many much a great number of a great deal of a large number of a large amount of (a) few (of) (a) little (of) Con số Không có số + NOUN đếm NOUN không đếm MẸO ĐỔI “…SO / THEREFORE…” THÀNH “IF / UNLESS…” S V1/S/ES ….So/Therefore, S V … =If S were(n’t)/V2/ED /didn’t V0 …, S would (not) V0 He isn’t here now Therefore, he does meet Jane → If he were here now, he would meet Jane S V2/ED / didn’t V0….So/Therefore, S V … = If S had(n’t) V3/ED …, S would (not) have V3/ED … They saw him there, so they didn’t come to his house → If they hadn’t seen him there, they would have come to his house MẸO ĐỔI “…TOO…FOR…TO…” THÀNH “….SO…” S + V1/S/ES … too + adj/adv + for O + to V0 … = S + V1/S/ES … too + adj/adv, so + S + cannot V0 … The water is too hot for them to drink → The water is too hot, so they cannot drink S + V2/ED … too + adj/adv + for O + to V0 … = S + V2/ED … too + adj/adv, so + S + could not V0 … The water was too hot for me to drink → The water was too hot, so I could not drink email: tuanavttb@gmail.com Trang BÀI THƠ GIÚP ĐỔI CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT LỜI TRỰC, LỜI GIÁN đổi Phẩy bay, ngoặc biến, chữ hoa hoá thường Dấu than, dấu hỏi vườn Các THÌ giáng cấp; gần nhường cho xa; Ngơi Nhất theo Chủ nhà; Ngôi Hai theo Túc, Ba nằm lì; That (phát), WETH., IF., WH (nghi) TO; NOT TO (lệnh), thay phẩy ĐỔI GẦN THÀNH XA this here now ago today tonight yesterday tomorrow last + tgian next + tgian that there then before that day that night the day before the day after/later the + tgian + before the following + tgian h GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn ĐT: 0916829468 LIÊN ĐỘNG TỪ (Linking Verb) Định nghĩa: Là động từ mang hình thức động từ thường thay động từ TO BE mà nghĩa câu không thay đổi lớn Nghĩa: Nghĩa linking verbs thường “….có vẻ”, “dường như”, “…vẻ như”, “trở nên”,… Các linking verbs thường gặp là: seem, get, go, look, sound, make, find, taste, smell, become, come, smell,… Bổ nghĩa cho linking verb adjective Ví dụ: - She is getting prettier and prettier - His words sound wonderful - They look very happy email: tuanavttb@gmail.com MẸO RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ Mẫu 1: - …THE + so sánh + Noun - …THE + số thứ tự + Noun - …The only + Noun - Someone/ something/… on behalf of on the occasion of in place of in addition to in contrast to/ with in case of in terms of in spite of for the sack of at the beginning of account of under pressure of in charge of in/on favour of (fall / be) in love with (get / keep) in touch with ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU Ở DẠNG (1) stop try begin startn V-ing TO V0 V-ing TO V0 V-ing TO V0 V-ing TO V0 remember V-ing TO V0 dừng làm dừng để làm thử làm cố gắng làm bắt đầu làm bắt đầu để làm bắt đầu làm bắt đầu để làm nhớ làm nhớ làm dừng hút thuốc dừng để hút thuốc thử mang giày cố gắng mang giày bắt đầu học toán bắt đầu để học to bắt đầu chạy bắt đầu để chạy WH- Mẫu 2: Noun WH- V1/s/es/2/ed … modal V0 … VING … Noun (S) V1/s/es/2/ed … (S) modal V0 … → Viết lại phần THÀNH NGỮ CẦN THUỘC (1) at the age of at the end of in the end of in times of at / by the time of by means of o Trang 17 (for O) TO V0 … Mẫu 3: BE … Nou WHn modal BE Nou n … THÀNH NGỮ CẦN THUỘC (2) back out of catch on to catch up with come down on/ upon come in on/upon come up against come up with get along with get on with get out of keep up with look down on look forward to look out for run out of look up to make off with make up for make up with put forward to take up with watch out for ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU Ở DẠNG (2) V-ing TO V0 V-ing regret TO V0 V-ing need TO V0 V-ing continue TO V0 V-ing like TO V0 forget quên làm quên phải làm hối tiếc làm hối tiếc phải làm cần / bị làm cẩn phải làm tiếp tục làm tiếp tục để làm thích làm (sở thích, thói quen) thích làm (ngẫu hứng) nhớ gặp nhớ gặp ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU Ở DẠNG (3) Theo sau động từ sau V0 VING: see, hear, watch, notice, find, realize Ví dụ: I saw a snake creeping across the street (Tôi thấy mọt rắn bò qua đường) ….QUÁ… ĐẾN NỖI… S V + SO + adj/adv + THAT + S V … - Mr Tuan is so handome that everybody likes him S V + SO + many (adj) Nounpl + THAT + S V… - There are so many stars that I can’t count them all I saw a snake creep across the street (Tơi thấy mọt rắn bị qua đường) Theo sau be used to V0 VING: a Vật + be used to + V0 = Vật + be used for VING: … dùng để… b Người + be used to VING = Người + get used to VING: ….quen với … GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn ĐT: 0916829468 CHUYỂN KHẲNG ĐỊNH SANG PHỦ ĐỊNH A: Đối với động từ đặc biệt: Chỉ cần thêm NOT vào sau động từ đặc biệt Ví dụ: Peter is very happy → Peter is not very happy I can swim → I cannot swim B: Đối với động từ thường: Mượn trợ động từ DO, DOES DID để đổi sau: V1 → not V0, VS/ES → does not V0, V2/ED → did not V0 Ví dụ: They talk so much → They not talk so much He goes out late → He does not go out late She went out → She did not go out They talked loudly → They did not talk loudly USED TO / BE USED TO / GET USED TO S + used to + V0 ….: … thường làm… Ví dụ: He used to smoke 20 sticks of cigarettes a day SN + be used to + VING = SN + get used to + VING … = SN + be accustomed to VING …: … quen với việc Ví dụ: Peter is used to having bread for breakfast Peter gets used to having bread for breakfast Peter is accustomed to having bread for breakfast SV + be used to + V0 … = SV + be used for + VING … ….được dùng để… Ví dụ: This sum of money is used to buy a new car This sum of money is used for buying a new car CÂU DIỄN TẢ HAI HÀNH ĐỘNG Ở QUÁ KHỨ Một hành động trước, hành động sau: - Hành động trước: S + HAD V3/ED … - Hành động sau: S + V2/ED … Hai hành động xảy song song lúc: - Hành động 1: S + WAS/ WERE + VING … - Hành động 2: S + WAS/ WERE + VING … Hai hành động xảy chấm dứt: - Hành động 1: S + V2/ED … - Hành động 2: S + V2/ED … Một hđộng xảy ra, hđộng khác xen vào - Hđộng 1: S+ WAS/WERE + Ving … - Hđộng 2: S+ V2/ED … Ghi chú: Giữa hành động thường có từ cụm từ: when, while, whereas, as, as soon as, after, before, until, till, no sooner … than … , at that time, by this time + qk CÁCH LƯỢC BỎ ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ S V + SO + much (adj) Nounnon-count + THAT S V… - There is so much dirty water that we can’t drink all S V + SUCH + A/AN + (adj) Noun + THAT + S V - He is such a good student that everybody likes him - He is such an intelligent person that we admire him S V SUCH THE + (adj) Nounnon-count THAT S V - That is such the bad oil that we can’t use it email: tuanavttb@gmail.com Trang 18 CHUYỂN KHẲNG ĐỊNH SANG NGHI VẤN A: Đối với động từ đặc biệt: Chỉ cần đem động từ đặc biệt đặt trước chủ từ Ví dụ: Peter is very happy → Is Peter very happy? He can swim → Can he swim? B: Đối với động từ thường: Mượn trợ động từ DO, DOES DID để đổi sau: S + V1 … → Do + S + V0 …? S + VS/ES … → Does + S + V0 …? S + V2/ED … → Did + S + V0 …? Ví dụ: They talk so much → Do they talk so much? He goes out late → Does he go out late? She went out → Did she go out? ĐỔI CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (UNIT 16 – ENGLSIH 11) (PHẦN 1: Động từ giới thiệu tại) Sa + V1/S/ES + THAT + Sb + Modal V0 /V1/S/ES + … → Sb + AM/ IS / ARE + V3/ED + TO V0 + … - People believe that Peter will win the match → Peter is believed to win the match - Somebody believes that we win the match → We are believed to win the match Sa + V1/S/ES + THAT + Sb + QK/HTHT/QKHT + → Sb + AM/ IS/ ARE + V3/ED + TO HAVE V3/ED + … - Someone says that they won the race → They are said to have won the race - They think that we have won the lottery tickets → We are thought to have won the lottery tickets CÂU DIỄN TẢ HAI HÀNH ĐỘNG Ở TƯƠNG LAI Một hành động trước, hành động sau: - Hành động trước: S + WILL HAVE V3/ED … - Hành động sau: S + V1/S/ES … Ghi chú: Giữa hành động thường có từ cụm từ: when, while, as, as soon as, after, before, until, till, by the time + hành động tglai Ví dụ: I will have finished my work by the time you come Will you have got there by the time we arrive tomorrow afternoon? ĐỔI MĐQH SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (PHẦN 2: Động từ giới thiệu khứ) Ta lược bỏ WHO, WHOM THAT sau ĐTQH mệnh đề (S + V + …) Tức bỏ ĐTQH làm túc từ Ví dụ: She is the person who(m) I want to meet → She is the person I want to meet Is there something that you need to now? → Is there something you need to now? There is nothing that you can to prevent me from paying a visit to her → There is nothing you can to prevent me from paying a visit to her GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn ĐT: 0916829468 ĐẢO NGỮ CỦA “….QUÁ… ĐẾN NỖI… ” (P1) S VĐB + SO + adj + THAT + S V … → SO + adj + VĐB + S ….+ THAT + S V … - Mr Tuan is so handome that everybody likes him → So handsome is Mr Tuan that everybody likes him S Vthường+ SO + adv + THAT + S V … → SO + adv + DO/DOES/DID + S + V0 … THAT + S V … - He walked so slowly that we had to wait for him → So slowly did he walk that we had to wait for him - He speaks so loudly that everybody can hear him → So loudly does he speak that everybody can hear him Thơng thường thì: Sa + V2/ED+ THAT + Sb + V2/ED + … → Sb + WAS/WERE + V3/ED + TO V0+ … - Someone said that they won the race → They were said to win the race Sa + V2/ED+ THAT + Sb + HAD V3/ED + … → Sb + WAS/WERE + V3/ED + TO HAVE V3/ED + … - People said that he had gone to the zoo → He was said to have gone to the zoo email: tuanavttb@gmail.com Trang 19 ĐẢO NGỮ CỦA “….QUÁ… ĐẾN NỖI… ” (P2) S VĐB + SO many (adj) Nounpl + THAT + S V… → SO many (adj) Nounpl + VĐB + S ….+ THAT + S V … - There are so many stars that I can’t count them all → So many stars are there that I can’t count them all S Vthường + SO + many adj Nounpl + THAT + S V… → SO many adj Nounpl + DO/DOES/DID + S V0….+ THAT + S V … - He sees so many stars that he can’t count them all → So many stars does he see that he can’t count them all ĐẢO NGỮ CỦA “….QUÁ… ĐẾN NỖI… ” (P3) S VĐB + SO + much (adj) Nounnon-count + THAT S V → SO much (adj) Nounnon-count + VĐB S + THAT S V ĐẢO NGỮ CỦA “….QUÁ… ĐẾN NỖI… ” (P4) S VĐB + such + a/an + (adj) Noun + that + S V → Such + a/an + (adj) Noun + VĐB S + that + S V - There is so much dirty water that we can’t drink all - He is such a good student that everybody likes → So much dirty water is there that we can’t drink all → Such a good student is he that everybody likes S Vthường+ SO much (adj) Nounnon-count + THAT S V - He is such an intelligent person that we admire SO much (adj) Nounnon-count + DO/ DOES/ DID S V0… → Such an intelligent person is he that we admire THAT S V S Vthường+ such + a/an + (adj) Noun + that + S V - He brought us so much dirty water that we can’t drink all → Such + a/an + (adj) Noun + DO/ DOES/ DID + S → So much dirty water did he bring us that we can’t drink all + V0 + that + S V - They give him so much money that he can’t spent all in a day → So much money they give him that he can’t spent all in a day ĐỔI SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (DẠNG ĐẶC BIỆT 1) People + VGT + that + S + V… → IT + BE V3/ED + that + S + V… - People say that he is a very good boy → It is said that he is a very good boy - They believed that he had moved to London → It was believed that he had moved to London - Someone thinks that Jack is a Chinese → It is thought that Jack is a Chinese Ghi nhớ: Chữ People câu chủ động thay They, Someone, Somebody, … People + VGT + that = IT + BE V3/ED + that - He has such a big house that we will dream of → Such a big house does he have that we will dream of CẤU TRÚC: ….QUÁ … ĐẾN NỖI … S + V + SO + adj/adv + THAT + S + V + … Ex: It is so cold that I can’t go swimming now He studies so lazily that he can’t keep pace with his classmates S V + SO + many / few + (adj) + Nsnđđ + THAT + S V Ex: He has so many good books that I wants to borrow them all He makes so few mistakes that he almost gets highest mark S V + SO + much / little + (adj) + Nkđđ + THAT + S V Ex: He has so much money that he can buy a luxurious plane He had so little fresh water that he couldn’t bear any longer S V + SUCH + A/AN + (adj) + Nsố ít+ THAT + S + V … Ex: He is such a bad boy that no one likes him It was such an awful day that we couldn’t enjoy the trip much ĐỔI CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (UNIT 16 – ENGLSIH 11) (PHẦN 3: Động từ giới thiệu tại) SA + V1/S/ES + THAT + SB + Modal V0 /V1/S/ES + Oc… → SC + AM/ IS / ARE + V3/ED + TO BE V3/ED + by OB - People believe that Peter will win the match → The match is believed to be won by Peter - Somebody believes that we win the match → the match is believed to be won SA + V2/ED+ THAT + SB + V2/ED + OC… → SC WAS/WERE + V3/ED TO BE V3/ed …by OB - Someone said that John won the race → The race was said to be won by John - Somebody believes that we win the match → the match is believed to be won SA + V1/S/ES + THAT + SB QK/HTHT/QKHT + Oc → SC AM/ IS/ ARE + V3/ED TO HAVE BEEN V3/ED by OB - Someone says that John bribed the officials → The officials are said to have been bribed by John - They think that we have won the lottery tickets → The lottery tickets are thought to have been won GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (UNIT 16 – ENGLSIH 11) (PHẦN 4: Động từ giới thiệu khứ) ĐT: 0916829468 SA + V2/ED+ THAT + SB + HAD + V3/ED + … → SB WAS/WERE V3/ED TO HAVE BEEN V3/ED ….by OB - People said that John had killed the King → The King was said to have been killed by John - Someone said that people have killed those animals → Those animals were said to have been killed email: tuanavttb@gmail.com Trang 20 DÙNG DẤU PHẨY TRƯỚC VÀ SAU MĐQH MẸO CHUNG ĐỔI: Sa Va (THAT) Sb Vb … Danh từ riêng + , + WH- +… + , + … SA + VA + (that) + SB + VB + … Ví dụ: London, which is the capital of England, is wonderful It + BE V3/ED +(BY OA) + (that) + SB + VB + … Sở hữu + danh từ chung + , + WH- +… + , + … Ghi chú: Sở hữu gồm: MY, OUR, YOUR, THEIR, HIS, HER, ITS, PETER’S, THE BOWNS’, … + TO V0 + ……….… (BY OA) Ví dụ: My mother, whom you met yesterday, is a caring SB + BE V3/ED+ woman + TO HAVE V3/ED+ ……(BY OA) Tính từ thị + danh từ chung+,+ WH- +… +,+ … Ghi chú: Ghi chú: Tính từ thị gồm: THIS, THAT, THESE, VB thành TO V0 VA VB HTĐ, HTTD ; VB Modal V0 ; VA QKĐ VB QKĐ THOSE VB thành TO HAVE V3/ED VA VB QKĐ VB thành TO HAVE V3/ED VB HTHT, QKHT Ví dụ: That man, whose car is red, is a famous speaker ĐỔI IF SANG OR SO SÁNH BẰNG / KHÔNG BẰNG If + S + Vphủ định …., mệnh đề SO SÁNH BẰNG: → (Either) + S + Vkhẳng định ….or + mệnh đề (và SA + V + AS + Adj/Adv + AS + OB/SB Vđb … ngược lại) - This book is as thick as that one (is) Ví dụ: If you don’t apologise, I’ll never speak to you - Nam studies as excellently as her/she does → (Either) you apologise or I’ll never speak to you - He swims as fast as you / you BECAUSE + SA + VA…., SA + VB … = (NOT) TO V0(A) … , SA + VB … SO SÁNH KHÔNG BẰNG: Ví dụ: Because I want to get good marks, I have tried to study SA + V NOT + SO/AS + Adj/Adv + AS + OB/SB Vđb … very hard - This book is not so/ as thick as that one (is) → To get good marks, I have tried to study very hard Because Nam doesn’t want to fail the exam, he has tried - Nam does not study so / as excellently as her/she does to study very hard → Not to fail the exam, Nam has tried to study very hard - He does not swim as fast as you / you ĐỔI BECAUSE THÀNH “…ĐỂ MÀ (KHÔNG) ” BECAUSE + SA + WANT TO +V0 (A)…., SA + VB … = (NOT) TO V0(A) … , SA + VB … Ví dụ: → → Because I want to get good marks, I try very hard To get good marks, I try very hard Because Nam doesn’t want to fail the exam, he tries hard Not to fail the exam, Nam has tried to study hard BECAUSE + SA + WANT TO + V0 (A)…., SA + VB … → SA + VB … + SO THAT + SA + VA… Ví dụ: Because I want to get good marks, I try to study hard → I try to study hard so that I get good marks, Because Nam doesn’t want to fail the exam, he tries AI MẤT BAO LÂU ĐỂ LÀM GÌ IT + TAKE + sb + + to V0 …… → Sb + SPEND + + (IN) + V-ing … - It takes him 30 minutes to ride to school → He spends 30 minutes (in) riding to school - It took Mai an hour to prepare everything → Mai spent an hour (in) preparing everything - It will take them a week to make these products hard → They will spend a week (in) making these products AFTER ↔ BEFORE AFTER +S + HAD V3/ED …, S + V2/ED … → S + HAD V3/ED … BEFORE + S + V2/ED … → BEFORE + S + V2/ED …, S + HAD V3/ED … → After I had finished my homework, I went to bed → Before I went to bed, I had finished my homework → I had finished my homework before I went to bed Ghi chú: After (Sau khi), as soon as (ngay sau khi), no sooner … than… (không sau … thì….) No sooner had + S + V3/ED … than + S + V2/ED … = S + had no sooner + V3/ED … than + S + V2/ED … - No sooner had she got out of the house than they came in = She had no sooner got out of the house than they came in GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn ĐT: 0916829468 ĐỔI QKĐ SANG QKHT VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI S + V2/ED … THEN + S + V2/ED … → AFTER +S + HAD V3/ED …, S + V2/ED … - I finished my homework Then I went to bed → After I had finished my homework, I went to bed S + V2/ED … THEN + S + V2/ED … → S + HAD V3/ED … BEFORE + S + V2/ED … - I finished my homework Then I went to bed → I had finished my homework before I went to bed email: tuanavttb@gmail.com Trang 21 ĐỔI QKĐ SANG HTHT VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI (P1) The first time +S + V2/ED ….+ was + tgian AGO → S + have/has + V3/ED …… + FOR + tgian ĐỔI QKĐ SANG HTHT VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI (P2) S + started/began + to V0/Ving ……+ tgian AGO → S + have/has + V3/ED …… + FOR + tgian - The first time I knew her was a year ago → I have known her for a year - The first time he went to Paris was months ago → He has gone to Paris for months - We started studying English years ago → We have studied English for years - He began to go to Paris weeks ago → He has gone to Paris for weeks The first time + S +V2/ED + … + IN +tgian → S + have/has + V3/ED + … + SINCE + tgian S + started/began + to V0/Ving ……+ IN + tgian → S + have/has + V3/ED …… + SINCE + tgian - The first time we saw Nam was in 2000 → We have seen Nam since 2000 - The first time Mary talked to Tom was in 1999 → Mary has talked to Tom since 1999 - We started learning English in 2008 → We have learnt English since 2008 - She began to practise piano in 2010 → She has practised piano since 2010 ĐỔI QKĐ SANG HTHT VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI (P3) The last time +S + V2/ED + … + was + tgian + AGO → S + have/has + not + V3/ED + … + FOR + tgian ĐỔI QKĐ SANG HTHT VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI (P4) S + LAST + V2/ED + … + tgian + AGO → S + have/has + not + V3/ED + … + FOR + tgian -The last time I saw Nam was weeks ago → I have not seen Nam for weeks - The last time Mary talked to Tom was a week ago → Mary has not talked to Tom for a week - I last knew her was a year ago → I have not known her for a year - He last went to Paris was months ago → He has not gone to Paris for months The last time +S + V2/ED ….+ was + IN + mốc tgian → S + have/has +NOT +V3/ED + SINCE + mốc tgian S + LAST + V2/ED + … + IN + tgian → S + have/has + not + V3/ED + … + SINCE + tgian - The last time I saw her was in 2010 → I haven’t seen her since 2010 - The last time he went to Paris was in 2009 → He hasn’t gone to Paris since 2009 - We last saw Nam in 1999 → We have not seen Nam since 1999 - Mary last talked to Tom in 2000 → Mary has not talked to Tom since 2000 ĐỔI QKĐ SANG HTHT VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI (P5) S started/began + to V0/Ving …+ WHEN S V2/ED … → S + have/has + V3/ED …… + SINCE S V2/ED … ĐỔI QKĐ SANG HTHT VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI (P6) 11 S LAST + V2/ED…+ WHEN S V2/ED … → S + have/has + V3/ED …… + SINCE S V2/ED … - We started studying English when we moved to England → We have studied English since we moved to England - He began to live in Paris when I was six years old → He has gone to Paris since I was six years old - We started studying English when we moved to England → We have studied English since we moved to England - He began to live in Paris when I was six years old → He has gone to Paris since I was six years old 10 It’s + bao lâu+ SINCE + S + V2/ED…… → S + have/has + V3/ED …… + FOR + 12 It’s + bao lâu+ SINCE + S + LAST V2/ED…… → S + have/has +NOT V3/ED … + FOR + - It’s a long time since she left this school → She has left this school for a long time - It’s two years since I worked for this this company → I have worked for this company for two years - It’s a long time since she visited this school → She has not visited this school for a long time - It’s two years since I last worked for this this company → I have not worked for this company for two years KHI NÀO…? ↔ BAO LÂU….? (P1) When did + S + begin to V0 / V0 … ? → How long + have/has + S + V3/ED … ? - When did Mary and John get married? → How long have Mary and John got married? - When did she begin to live here? → How long has she lived here? When did + S + LAST + V0 … ? → How long + haven’t / hasn’t + S + V3/ED … ? - When did they last visit Halong Bay? → How long haven’t they visited Halong Bay? - When did he last meet her? → How long hasn’t he met her? BAO LÂU….? ↔ KHI NÀO…? How long is it since + S +LAST + V2/ED ….? → When did + S + LAST + V0 … ? - How long is it since they last visited Halong Bay? → When did they last visit Halong Bay? - How long is it since she last met her? → When did she last meet her? How long is it since + S + V2/ED ….? → When did + S + begin to V0 … ? - How long is it since they visited Halong Bay? → When did they begin to visit Halong Bay? - How long is it since she met her? → When did she begin to meet her? GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn ĐT: 0916829468 email: tuanavttb@gmail.com Trang 22 ĐỔI HTHT SANG HTHT VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI S + have/has + NOT + V3/ED …… + (BEFORE) →This is the first time S + have/has +(ever)+ V3/ED … ĐỔI CÂU VỚI “IT BE ….” It is (high) time + S + V2/ED + … → It is (high) time for + O + to V0 + … - I haven’t seen her (before) → This is the first time I have (ever) seen her - This is the first time he has (ever) gone to Paris → He hasn’t gone to Paris (before) - It is time they brought the cows in → It is time for them bring the cows in - It is time the doctor visited his patients → It is time for the doctor to visit his patients S +have/has +NOT/ NEVER +V3/ED + such a/an + adj + N + BEFORE → This is the + so sánh adj + N + S + have/has + EVER +V3/ED … - I haven’t eaten such a good eel soup before → This is the best eel soup I have ever eaten - I have never tried such an enormous meal before → This is the most enormous meal I have ever tried ĐỔI SANG “ĐỂ MÀ… ” (P1) Cần nhớ: - SO THAT / IN ORDER THAT + S + V … - SO AS TO / IN ORDER TO / TO + V0 … Sa + V … SO THAT Sa + Vđb (NOT) + VING/0/3/ED … → Sa + V … (SO AS NOT) TO V0 … - John is practising hard so that he can win the prize → John is practising hard to win the prize - Peter is practising hard so that he will not fail the exam → Peter is practising hard so as not to fail the exam - Nam practises hard so that he doesn’t disappoint his parents → Nam practises hard so as not to disappoint his parents THẬT LÀ ADJ (CHO + O) + ĐỂ LÀM… IT + BE + ADJ + (FOR + O) + TO V0 … → TO V0 … + BE + ADJ + (FOR + O) → VING … + BE +ADJ + (FOR + O) - It is interesting (for me) to see such a good film → To see such a good film is interesting (for me) It + BE + adj + to V0 … → To V0 / VING + … + BE + adj - It is interesting to go out with my friends → To go out with my friends is interesting → Going out with my friends is interesting - It was excited to see that match → To see that match was excited → Seeing that match was excited ĐỔI SANG “ĐỂ MÀ… ” (P2) Sa + V … SO THAT Sa + V1/S/ES/2/ED … → Sa + V … TO V0 … - John is practising hard so that he passes the exam → John is practising hard to pass the exam - John had tried hard so that he passed the exam → John had tried hard to pass the exam Sa + V …SO THAT Sb +(Vđb (NOT)) + VING/0/3/ED … → Sa + V (SO AS NOT) TO BE V3/ED …(BY Ob) - John stands on the platform so that Mary can see him clearly → John stands on the platform to be seen clearly by Mary - John lies down so that people will not see him → John lies down so as not to bee seen … THÍCH N/VING … HƠN N/VING … S + prefer + N/VING …+ to + N/VING … → S + would rather + N/V0 … + than N/V0… - I prefer milk to coffee → Seeing such a good film is interesting (for me) - It was difficult (for Nam) to those exercises → To those exercises was difficult (for Nam) → Doing those exercises was difficult (for Nam) - It is really hard for them to finish their work in a short time → To finish their work in a short time is really hard for them → Finishing their work in a short time is really hard for them BECAUSE ↔ TOO … TO… Because +Sa +BE (very) adj, Sb +can’t/couldn’t +V0 … → S + BE + TOO + adj + (FOR Ob) + TO V0 … Cần nhớ: Ta dùng FOR Ob Sa khác Sb, bỏ FOR O Sa = Sb - Because the road was slippery, they couldn’t walk on it → The road was too slippery for them to walk on - Nam can’t pass the coming exam because he is very lazy → Nam is too lazy to pass the coming exam - Because they were so late, we couldn’t wait for them → They were too late for us to wait for GV: Huỳnh Quang Minh Tuấn ĐT: 0916829468 E10 - U1: A DAY IN THE LIFE OF… daily routine: việc ngày go off = ring (v) reo get up (v) thức dậy boil (v) nấu nước, luộc lead – led – led: dắt, dẫn buffalo (n) trâu field (n) cánh đồng take a rest: nghỉ ngơi take a bath: tắm take a shower: tắm vòi sen local (adj) thuộc địa phương crop (n) mùa vụ repair (v) sửa chữa bank (n) bờ pump (v) tát nước plough = plow (v) cày harrow (v) bừa transplant (v) cấy plot of land (n) ruộng plant = grow (v) trồng scare (adj) sợ hãi scream (v) la ó, thét gàu frightening (adj) hãi hùng experience (n) trải nghiệm 101 E10 - U3: PEOPLE’S BACKDROUND mature (adj) chắn brilliant = smart (adj) sáng degree (n) văn bằng, học vị ease (v) xoa dịu from then on: từ sau joy (n) niềm vui sướng suffering (n) nỗi đau private (adj) tư nhân receive (v) nhận research (v) nghiên cứu appearance (n) vẻ attend (v) tham dự pass (v) vượt qua, thi đậu join (v) tham gia angry (adj) giận manage (v) xoay sở Congratulation! Chúc mừng! obtain (v) đạt position (n) vị trí take up = go on (v) tiếp tục work as (v) làm việc make a mess (v) làm lộn xộn thief / thieves (n) kẻ trộm travel (v) du lịch 103 E10 - U5: TECHNOLOGY AND YOU accuracy (n) xác calculate (v) tính tốn capable of (adj) có khả device (n) thiết bị instrument (n) dụng cụ look after (v) chăm sóc take care of (v) chăm sóc man-made (adj) nhân tạo → I’d rather milk than coffee - Mary prefers fresh fruits to fatty food → Mary would rather fresh fruits than fatty food - They prefered dinking beer to eating enormous meals → They’d rather dink beer than eat enormous meals - Alice prefers eating apples to drinking coffee → Alice would rather eat apples than drink coffee ĐỔI SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG DẠNG ĐẶC BIỆT S + LET + O +V0 … → S + BE + ALLOWED TO V0 ….(BY O) - Old Ted let me use John’s car → I was allowed to use John’s car by Old Ted - They will let him enter the conference room → He will be allowed to enter the conference room - People don’t let us step on the grass → We are not allowed to step on the grass - Nam doesn’t let Mai leave the room → Mai is not allowed to leave the room by Nam email: tuanavttb@gmail.com Trang 23 E10 - U2: SCHOOL TALKS attitude (n) thái độ flat = apartment (n) hộ narrow (adj) hẹp wide (adj) rộng safety (n) an toàn safe (adj) an toàn worry (v) lo lắng awful (v) khủng khiếp alone (adv) comfortable (adj) thoải mái go for a swim: bơi lội employee (n) người làm thuê enrollment (n) kết nạp form (n) mẫu đơn fill in (n) điền vào provide (n) cung cấp somewhere (adv) as a result: kết cousin (n) anh, chị, em họ in a hurry: vội vã look for (v) tìm kiếm marvelous (adj) kỳ diệu nervous (adj) hồi hộp improve (v) cải thiện 102 E10 - U4: SPECIAL EDUCATION disable (adj) khuyết tật mute = dumb (adj) câm deaf (adj) điếc blind (adj) mù mental (ajd) thuộc trí tuệ retarded (adj) thiểu patient (adj) kiên nhẫn chance (n) hội effort (n) nổ lực prove (v) chứng minh be proud of: tự hào unemployed (adj)thất nghiệp suspicious (adj) nghi ngờ thanks to: nhờ vào to be honest: thật tình prevent … from (v) cản trở calm … down (v) trấn tĩnh comprise (v) gồm có exhibit (n) triển lãm fascinate (v) hút complaint (n) phàn nàn give up (v) từ bỏ injured (adj) bị thương one by one: 104 E10 - U6: AN EXCURSION anxious (adj) lo lắng cave (n) hang động excursion (n) chuyến chơi come to an end: kết thúc day off (n) ngày nghỉ impossible (adj) inform (v) báo tin pack up (v) thu dọn ... + VING … = SN + be accustomed to VING …: … quen với việc Ví dụ: Peter is used to having bread for breakfast Peter gets used to having bread for breakfast Peter is accustomed to having bread for... Nam was in 2000 → We have seen Nam since 2000 - The first time Mary talked to Tom was in 1999 → Mary has talked to Tom since 1999 - We started learning English in 2008 → We have learnt English... weeks ago → I have not seen Nam for weeks - The last time Mary talked to Tom was a week ago → Mary has not talked to Tom for a week - I last knew her was a year ago → I have not known her for