Giáo trình tiếng anh trong kỹ thuật hóa học

PGS.TS BÙI THỊ LỆ THỦY PGS.TS BÙI THỊ LỆ THỦY PGS.TS BÙI THỊ LỆ THỦY GIÁO TRÌNH GIÁO TRÌNH GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH TRONG KỸ THUẬT HĨA HỌC TRONG KỸ THUẬT HÓA HỌC ISBN: 978-604-76-1983-2 32 Giá: 50.000 đ TRONG KỸ THUẬT HÓA HỌC PGS.TS BÙI THỊ LỆ THỦY GIÁO TRÌNH TIẾNG ANH TRONG KỸ THUẬT HĨA HỌC NHÀ XUẤT BẢN GIAO THÔNG VẬN TẢI HÀ NỘI - 2019 CONTENTS LỜI NÓI ĐẦU PART THE BASIC UNITS I.1 TYPICAL UNITS UNIT SOME CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY UNIT HYDROCARBONS 10 UNIT CHEMICAL KINETIC AND CATALYSIS 14 UNIT ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 16 UNIT CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS 19 UNIT EMULSIONS 23 UNIT PLASTICS IN THE CHEMICAL AGE 27 UNIT ENZYMES 31 I.2 ADDITIONAL UNITS 34 UNIT PROPERTIES OF GELS 34 UNIT 10 SOLVENT PROPERTIES OF SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS EMULTION POLYMERIZATION 37 UNIT 11 THE NATURE OF RUBBER - LIKE ELASTICITY 39 UNIT 12 THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS THERMOSETTING AND THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL 42 UNIT 13 THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS 45 UNIT 14 ABS PLASTIC 49 UNIT 15 HAFNIUM 52 REFERENCES 56 PART THE CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UNITS 57 UNIT 16 TYPES OF REACTORS 58 UNIT 17 HEAT TRANSFER AND ITS APPLICATIONS 62 UNIT 18 EXTRACTION WITH SOLVENTS 67 UNIT 19 INTRODUCTION TO DISTILLATION AND ATMOSPHERIC DISTILATION 72 UNIT 20 VACUUM DISTILLATION 77 UNIT 21 STEAM DISTILLATION 81 UNIT 22 CRYSTALLIZATION 86 UNIT 23 ADSORPTION 90 UNIT 24 EVAPORATION 93 UNIT 25 CHROMATOGRAPHY 97 UNIT 26 LIQUIS-SOLID CHROMATOGHRAPHY 100 REFERENCES 104 PART THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND REFINERY UNITS 105 III.1 TYPICAL UNITS 106 UNIT 27 ON OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY 106 UNIT 28 COMPOSITION OF PETROLEUM 108 UNIT 29 BASIC PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS 112 UNIT 30 BASIC PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS (CONTINUED) 117 UNIT 31 DISTILLATION OF PETROLEUM 121 UNIT 32 THERMAL PROCESSES IN REFINERY 126 THERMAL CRACKING 126 UNIT 33 CATALYTIC PROCESSES IN REFINERY 131 III.2 ADDITIONAL UNITS 136 UNIT 34 CATALYTIC CRACKING OF PETROLEUM 136 UNIT 35 CATALYTIC REFORMING OF PETROLEUM 142 REFERENCES 147 PART ACADEMIC WRITING 148 UNIT 36 INTRODUCTION TO ACADEMIC WRITING 149 UNIT 37 TYPES AND STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC WRITING 153 UNIT 38 HOW TO WRITE A SUCCESSFUL 157 SCIENTIFIC MANUSCRIPT 157 REFERENCES 161 LỜI NÓI ĐẦU Giáo trình biên soạn cho sinh viên năm cuối ngành Kỹ thuật Hố học Giáo trình nhằm bổ sung cho sinh viên từ vựng, tổ hợp từ, thuật ngữ, cấu trúc ngữ pháp hay gặp tài liệu khoa học kỹ thuật, giúp sinh viên làm quen với việc dịch Anh-Việt ngược lại, viết văn khoa học tiếng Anh Nội dung giáo trình gồm phần Các học phần biên soạn tăng dần theo mức độ chuyên sâu lĩnh vực hoá học Trong phần tác giả chọn khoá liên quan đến kiến thức Hoá học, chuyên đề Hoá học Mỗi khoá xếp theo trật tự logic từ đọc hiểu, tập để sinh viên ơn luyện, từ giúp sinh viên làm quen với từ, tổ hợp từ tập trung vào kỹ đọc hiểu, dịch từ tiếng Anh sang tiếng Việt ngược lại Phần hai gồm khoá liên quan đến lĩnh vực Kỹ thuật Hố học lị phản ứng, kỹ thuật tách chất phổ biến thông dụng Cấu trúc khoá phần tương tự phần Các tập kèm làm cho khoá thêm sinh động đưa vào cấu trúc ngữ pháp hay gặp khoa học Phần ba khoá tập trung vào lĩnh vực Hoá dầu Nội dung gắn với chuyên môn sâu sinh viên Sau có tập để sinh viên rèn luyện khả đọc, dịch viết tiếng Anh Trong phần cuối tác giả biên soạn ba kỹ thuật viết văn khoa học lĩnh vực Kỹ thuật Hoá học, giúp sinh viên nắm bước sườn thảo báo khoa học Tác giả xin trân trọng cảm ơn đồng nghiệp đóng góp ý kiến để hồn thành sách Xin chân thành cảm ơn quan tâm độc giả mong nhận ý kiến góp độc giả bạn đồng nghiệp để sách ngày hoàn thiện Tác giả PART THE BASIC UNITS I.1 TYPICAL UNITS UNIT SOME CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY Structure of Atoms According to Dalton’s atomic theory, a chemical element is material composed of only one type of atom Atoms are very small particles that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter All atoms are constructed from the three particles: the electron, proton, and neutron Both neutrons and protons occupy the nucleus, which is in the center of the atom The electrons orbit around the nucleus Each atom contains equal number of electrons and protons, therefore, atoms are neutral An atom of one element is distinguished from an atom of another element by its number of protons The number of proton in the atomic nucleus is called the atomic number Z of an element For instance, carbon atoms contain six protons and six electrons; therefore, the atomic number of carbon is The total mass of an atom is almost entirely by the number of protons and neutrons because the mass of electrons is so much smaller The atoms of almost element have the same proton number but different neutron number; therefore they have different mass number These atoms are called isotopes For example, helium exists as helium-3 or He-3 (its nucleus contains protons but only neutron) or as helium-4 or He-4 (2 protons and neutrons) These two examples are called isotopes of helium The elements are arranged in the periodic table, the invention of which is generally attributed to the 19th century Russian chemist Dimini Mendeleev In the standard periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number (the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom) A new row (period) is started when a new electron shell has its first electron Elements containing the same number of electron layers are arranged in the same period while elements with the same number of electrons in a particular subshell fall into the same columns Molecules, substances, and chemical compounds Molecules are composed of the atoms of one or more elements Nitrogen exists as nitrogen molecules in atmosphere, each molecule contains two nitrogen atoms Its symbolic representation is N2 Water molecule contains one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms Compounds are composed of the atoms of one or more elements N2 is an elementary substance and water is a compound but both of them are called substances Exercises 1.1 Read and translate into Vietnamese Concept, structure, atom, atomic, theory, element, material, compose, substance, particle, combination, constitute, matter, electron, proton, neutron, neutral, nucleus, orbit, distinguish, atomic number, mass number, helium, arrange, periodic table, attribute, electron shell, subshell, molecule, substance, elementary substance, compound 1.2 Answer the following questions What is an element? What is an atom? How many kinds of particles are there in every atom? What are they? What is the atomic number of an element? How can we determine the mass of an atom? What is a molecule? Please distinguish an elementary substance and a compound 1.3 Translate into Vietnamese paying attention to the words in bold type The name ABS, based on the first letters of each of the monomeric components has been adopted for this family By introducing acrylonitrile monomer into a similar system, a significant improvement in all these properties is obtained, as well as outstanding toughness and resistance Various combinations of properties are possible, thus making these polymers most attractive for a larger number of current and newly developed applications ABS plastics are extremely useful and versatile, since ease of processing and forming allows them to be used for a great number of applications The strength of a fabricated item produced from ABS plastic is dependent on a number of variables 1.4 Translate into English Nguyên tử phần tử nhỏ vật chất tồn độc lập Nguyên tử cấu tạo từ proton, electron nơtron Electron tích điện âm, ptoton tích điện dương cịn nơtron không mang điện Trong nguyên tử, số proton với số electron nên ngun tử ln trung hịa điện Vì khối lượng eletron nhỏ so với khối lượng nơtron proton nên khối lượng nguyên tử tính xấp xỉ tổng khối lượng proton nơtron Phân tử chứa nguyên tử nhiều nguyên tố Các hợp chất bao gồm nguyên tử hai hay nhiều nguyên tố Các hạt proton neutron nằm trung tâm tạo hạt nhân electron chuyển động xung quanh hạt nhân tạo lớp electron Đồng vị nguyên tử nguyên tố có số nơtron khác Các nguyên tố chu kỳ có số lớp electron 10 Các nguyên tố nhóm có số electron lớp ngồi cùng, đó, chúng có tính chất tương tự 11 Các nguyên tố hóa học xếp vào bảng hệ thơng tuần hồn dựa vào cấu hình electron chúng 1.5 Write a short summary of the text PART ACADEMIC WRITING 148 UNIT 36 INTRODUCTION TO ACADEMIC WRITING What is academic writing? Academic writing is generally formal, objective (impersonal) and technical The casual or conversational language, such as contractions or informal vocabulary is avoided The direct reference to people or feelings, and instead emphasising objects, facts and ideas also are avoided If you want to be a good academic writer, you need to know the specific styles and structures for your discipline, as well as for each individual writing task You should ask your supervisor, learn the writing style of the academic articles in the most prestigious journals in your discipline, and look at the successful writing by others in your field Formal language To make your writing more formal through you need to carefully choose the vocabulary that you use For instance, you should choose the formal instead of informal vocabulary (‘somewhat’ and ‘insufficient’ are more formal than ‘a bit’ and ‘not enough’), avoid contractions (‘cannot’ is better than ‘cann’t’), avoid emotional language (more moderate words such as ‘helpful’ or ‘problematic’ are better than strong words such as ‘wonderful’ or ‘terrible’), and use more cautious evaluations such as ‘strong evidence’ or ‘less convincing’ instead of using absolute positives and negatives such as ‘proof’ or ‘wrong’ Objective language To express your point of view, such as interpret findings, evaluate a theory, develop an argument, and critique the work of others and still write in an objective style, you can use the following methods     Emphasize things and ideas, instead of people and feelings For instance, write ‘The results indicate that the temperature is an important factor’ instead of writing ‘I believe the temperature is an important factor, based on the results’ Avoid evaluative words that are non-technical For example, instead of ‘amazing’ or ‘disappointment’, write ‘valid’ or ‘did not demonstrate’ Show caution about your views, or to allow others to disagree For example, instead of writing ‘I think drink alcohol causes digestion diseases’, write ‘There is evidence to support the possibility that drink alcohol increases the risk of digestion diseases’ Find authoritative sources, which support your point of view, and refer to them in your writing Technical language To write technically you need to develop a large vocabulary for the concepts specific to the discipline or specialisation you’re writing for Please take note of terminology used by your lecturer, as well as in your readings 149 Exercises 36.1 Read and translate into Vietnamese Academic, formal, informal, objective, impersonal, casual, contraction, reference, emphasis, discipline, humanity, style, prestigious, emotional, convince, strategy, intense, emotion, emotional, abuse, digestion, disease, modality, specialization, terminology, discourse, multiple, statute 36.2 Answer the following questions What is the difference between academic writing and conversational language? What should you if you want to be a good writer? What is formal language? What is objective language? What is the technical language? 36.3 State the function of the words after and before and translate the sentences The polyamine is added after the dispersion After dispersion is complete, the polyamine is added Before the discovery of vulcanization, the great drawbacks of rubber were its thermoplastic nature and its sensibility to oxidation Neoprene was used for balloons, before natural rubber was available Polymerization starts at room temperature and is complete after a few hours After substantial proportions of stabilizing soaps are avoided, polymerization takes place 36.4 State the functions of the words in bold type Some scientists observed that aerated latex could initiate polymerization A plasticizer is a material that increases the plasticity of a mass Sekhar considers that reactive sites are formed on the rubber during aeration, these probably being hydroperoxidic The vulcanization of plastic chloroprene polymer differs from that of all other rubbers in requiring the addition of no vulcanizing ingredient The methods of producing modified latices depend on those of initiation In the case of methyl methacrylate it is found that the pattern of combination in the same as that found when polymerization takes place in solution 150 36.5 Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese paying attention to the words in bold type The colloidal behavior of latex rubber is largely the result of the protective layer of protein with which the particles are surrounded It is necessary, for certain purposes, to make use of the latex itself as a raw material Proteins, fats, soaps, and other substances are present in the milky fluid, which is called “latex” We shall not consider synthetic plastic materials, partly because of their similarity The utility of rubber is ultimately related to the ease, with which it sustains very large distortions, returning to its original shape when released Concentration may be effected by using a centrifuge, in a manner similar to the centrifuging of milk to give cream Numerous ingredients other than sulfur are normally included in the rubber mixing, the proportions depending on the grade of rubber required The rubber molecule may have a molecular weight as high as 250.000 The sulfur, zinc oxide and accelerators are referred to collectively as the vulcanizing system 10 Apart from its use in such specialized products as adhesive, the full potentialities of rubber latex are only realized on vulcanization 36.6 Give Vietnamese equivalents to break down to run off to build from to split up to centrifuge off to squeeze out to correspond to to pass through to rise through 36.7 Translate into English Trong văn viết cần phải tránh sử dụng ngôn ngữ thơng tục văn nói Để viết tốt bạn nên học kiểu mẫu cấu trúc đặc biệt cho chuyên ngành bạn nhiệm vụ phần viết riêng biệt 151 Ngôn ngữ trang trọng tạo nhờ cách dùng từ vựng người viết tránh viết tắt, dùng ngơn ngữ biểu cảm hay q tiêu cực tích cực Để viết tốt bạn cần hỏi thông tin người hướng dẫn, thầy cô giáo, tham khảo viết thành công lĩnh vực bạn 36.8 Write a short summary of the text 152 UNIT 37 TYPES AND STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC WRITING Types of academic writing There are four main types of academic writing They are descriptive, analytical, persuasive, and critical Descriptive The descriptive is the simplest type of academic writing It provides facts or information A summary of an article or a report of the results of an experiment would be an example Analytical Analytical writing includes descriptive writing and re-organisation the facts and information you describe into categories, groups, parts, types or relationships Persuasive Persuasive writing is a one step further than analytical writing In addition to all the features of analytical writing, you need to add of your own point of view Points of view in academic writing can include an argument, a recommendation, and interpretation of results or evaluation of the work of others Each claim you make needs to be supported by some evidence, for example a reference to research findings or published sources Critical For research, postgraduate and advanced undergraduate writing you usually use critical writing In addition to all the features of persuasive writing, you need to add least one other point of view Critical writing requires you to consider at least two points of view, including your own on an issue or topic while persuasive writing requires you to have your own point of view Structuring written work Essay and report are two types of writing in university All assay and report has the same basic three-part structure: introduction, main body and conclusion However, the main body can be structured in many different ways Introductions The purpose an introduction is to clearly tell the reader the topic, purpose and structure of the paper An introduction might be between 10 and 20 percent of the length of the whole paper It begins with the most general information, such as background and/or definitions, then shows the overall topic, purpose, your point of view, hypotheses and/or 153 research questions, and ends with the most specific information, describing the scope and structure of your paper Paragraphs Most academic writing has some paragraphs and each paragraph may have a three-part structure Firstly the topic sentence introduces a general overview of the topic and the purpose of the paragraph Next, definitions, classifications, explanations, contrasts, examples and evidence are given in the body of the paragraph Lastly, the final sentence not only presents new information, but often either summarises or comments on the paragraph content Conclusions The conclusion is closely related to the introduction and is often described in an opposite order It usually begins by briefly summarising the main scope or structure of the paper, then confirms the topic that was given in the introduction, and ends with a more general statement about how this topic relates to its context Exercises 37.1 Read and translate into Vietnamese Descriptive, analytical, persuasive, critical, empirical, interpretation, assignment, category, context, argument, argue, recommendation, effectiveness, sustainable, sustainability, coherent, scope, assumption, postgraduate, evaluate, merit, alternation, alternative, critique, debate, disagree, accurately, appropriate, authoritative, thorough, instructions, lab report, contrast, chronology, counter, sub-topic, sequence, highlight, pile, diagram, discard, heading, sub-heading, hypotheses, predictable, template, summarize, mention, outcome, implication, elaborate, themes 37.2 Answer the following questions Which type of academic writing you need to use in an empirical thesis? What are they? What is the purpose of descriptive writing? What is analytical writing? How you make your writing more analytical? What are the kinds of instructions for a persuasive assignment? How can you develop your argument? What is the difference between persuasive and critical writing? What you need to write critical writing? What are the parts of an essay? 10 What should you to writing a good essay? 11 What is the difference between the main body structure of an essay and a report? 12 What is the purpose of introduction of a text? 154 13 When should you write your introduction of the text? 14 What is the body of the paragraph about? 37.3 Rewrite the sentences in a more academic style using verbs from the list below Note that you may need to change the verb tense Investigate, assist, raise, discover, establish increase, eliminate Systems analysts can help out managers in many different ways This program was set up to improve access to medical care Medical research expenditure has gone up to nearly $350 million Researchers have found out that this drug has serious side effects Exercise alone will not get rid of medical problems related to blood pressure Researchers have been looking into this problem for 15 years now This issue was brought up during the coroner's inquest 37.4 Translate into Vietnamese paying attention to the word with: to coat positively charge electrodes with the particles; to combine with rubber molecules; to extract with acetone; to mix with sulfur; 38 to smoke with fume; 39 to stabilize with ammonia; 40 when tested with iodine; 41 some substances remain with impurities; 42 with avoidance of agitation; 37.5 Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese and state the function of will and would a) When stretched rubber flows, it will not return to its original shape If heating is carried on long enough in the presence of curatives, the latex will not form a continuous film on drying but will crack into a multitude of small pieces Styrene will polymerize to produce polymers other than rubber- like bodies Ethylene chloride will react with sodium polysulfide to form high molecular weight rubberlike substances 155 b) Coagulation would prevent the use of latex for special methods of manufacture To suppress bacterial action, which would eventually lead to coagulation, a preservative must be added to latex Were unstretched rubber cooled, a slow crystallization would take place, giving a harder and less extensible material The atoms of the molecule share in the general thermal motion at any temperature, so that a free molecule would be continually coiling, twisting and, changing its shape Density considerations make it impossible to accept a theory, which would require substances to polymerize with the decrease in density as, would be the case if the polymers spin 37.6 Translate into English Có cách viết văn phạm khoa học, là: mơ tả, phân tích, thuyết phục phê bình Văn mơ tả loại đơn giản nhất, ví dụ tóm tắt báo hay báo cáo kết thực nghiệm Văn phạm khoa học thường gồm văn phân tích Trong văn phạm thuyết phục, nhận xét bạn đưa cần thuyết phục số chứng, ví dụ từ tài liệu công bố Cấu trúc tất luận gồm phần: giới thiệu, thân kết luận Cũng giống luận, cấu trúc báo cáo gồm phần: giới thiệu, thân kết luận Trước viết bạn cần phải có kế hoạch chi tiết Chiều dài phần giới thiệu khoảng 10-20 phần trăm chiều dài báo Phần giới thiệu cần xem lại phần thân kết thúc.Microsoft Office 37.7 Write a short summary of the text 156 UNIT 38 HOW TO WRITE A SUCCESSFUL SCIENTIFIC MANUSCRIPT A manuscript allows the researchers to share their original ideas and new discoveries with the scientific community as well as to the general population Researchers spend a significant amount of time and effort during the investigative stages conducting the required research before it is released into the public domain Specific language and format of scientific manuscripts must be adhered to communicate the results to the scientific community Organization Researchers need to organize the scientific manuscripts in a logical format, which fits specific criteria as determined by the scientific community Writing methodology has been standardized in journals The common components of a well-written manuscript are: a title, abstract, introductory paragraph, methods and materials section, and discussion of results, conclusion, and a list of references The structure of each component of a journal article should follow a logical sequence, which is accustomed to members of the science community Structural Contents Title or Heading Titles are important because audience first notices it when encountering your manuscript It introduces your reader to the subject matter you intend to discuss in the next thousands words A well-formatted title could encourage readers delving into your manuscript further Abstract Abstract is a brief summary of the methods taken to achieve your goals along with a short version of the results Some readers only read this part of the paper, therefore, it should be considered as an abbreviated version of your complete manuscript Introduction The introduction supplies background material indicating why the research performed is important along with the direction the research took It includes a brief discussion the technical aspects of the experimental approach utilized to reach the article’s stated conclusions A well-written introduction will encourage readers to delve further into the body of the paper Methodology and Materials 157 This part of the manuscript is mandatory Fellow researchers will glean from this section the methods and materials you utilized either to validate your work, reproduce it, and/or develop the concepts further You should present the statistical analysis and tests here Discussion of Results This is the core part of the manuscript All the results are presented here using tables and graphs, communicating the essence of the research and the outcomes they generate Then results should be interpretated, the implications of these findings, and potential future research to follow should be discussed Conclusions This is the endpoint in the manuscript You should write the conclusions in a concise manner utilizing words not numbers Only the information taken from the performed research is conveyed in this section References are not placed here It is imperative to interpret full and complete of your findings in this part Comparisons to similar work in your field may be discussed here References The preparation of reference section should follow the guidelines of each journal There exist several formats for reference creation Familiarize yourself with them The sequence of references listed should be in the order in which they appear in the research paper Production of a scientific manuscript is a necessity to introduce your research to a wide audience The complexity of the research and the results generated must be written in a manner that is clear and concise, follows the current journal formats, and is verifiable The guidelines embedded in this paper will help the researcher introduce your research to a wide audience Never write anything that cannot be justified by the performed research Your scientific manuscript will be a success with these simple rules in mind Exercises 38.1 Read and translate into Vietnamese Manuscript, endeavor, challenges, rewarding, fruition, community, conduct, domain, thorough, adhere, ethical, colleague, debate, reflect, embed, criteria, transmit, upfront, energize, accustom, crisp, encounter, everstate, dissuade, delve, glean, index, algorithms, amphasise, abbreviate, premise, amplify, aspect, rationale, reveal, clarity, mandatory, glean, validade, validity, protocol, suspicion, cast, detect, core, elaboration, ulitise, implication, ambiguous, controversy, convey, imperative, essential, misinterpretation, submission, authentication, familiarize, verifiable 158 38.2 Answer the following questions What is the purpose of writing a scientific manuscript? What are the characteristics of a scientific manuscript? What are the components of a well-written manuscript? How important is the title of a scientific manuscript? What does include in the abstract of a scientific manuscript? What should be presented in the methodology and material section of a scientific manuscript? 38.3 Translate the following sentences paying attention to the -ing forms On reheating, “melting” occurs and rubber increases in volume Reinforcing agents harden the rubber and make it more wear resistant Katz showed that ordinary, unstretched rubber has a disordered structure, resembling that of a liquid In an ideal rubber-like substance no energy is used in separating chains and in increasing their separation during stretching The highly coiled and folded condition of the rubber chains permits their being extended up to seven times their original length 38.4 Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese paying attention to the - ing forms Latex may be used for impregnating paper, leather, or cloth, the rubberized product being water proof The initial effect of the creaming agent is to cause a clustering of the rubber particles Clustering is influenced by the action of the creaming agent on this surface layer Soon after the addition of the creaming agent to the tank, a very deep cream layer is formed, which is built of clusters linked together, with water filling the space Articles are formed by dipping shapes in the latex, drying and vulcanizing in hot air The “drops” of rubber are suspended in water, when first obtained from the plant, the system resembling an emulsion 38.5 Translate into English Các nhà khoa học viết thảo khoa học để chia sẻ ý tưởng phát minh Để viết thảo hay cần đầu tư thời gian cố gắng nhiều 159 Một thảo khoa học bao gồm: tên, tóm tắt, giới thiệu, thực nghiệm nguyên liệu, kết thảo luận kết luận Phần giới thiệu viết hay khuyến khích độc giả tìm hiểu thêm nội dung thảo Mục kết thảo luận mục chích thảo Nó đưa kết thực nghiệm, giải thích thảo luận kết đó.10/2/2016 12:48 38.6 Write a short summary of the text 160 REFERENCES Bùi Thị Lệ Thủy, Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành (dùng cho sinh viên ngành Lọc Hóa Dầu), Hà nội, Trường đại học Mỏ- Địa chất, 2003 Nguyễn Thị Hiền, Nguyễn Trọng Đàn Lê Thị Lan Chi, The laguage of chemistry, food and biology technology in English, Đại học Bách khoa Hà Nội, 2009 https://library.leeds.ac.uk/info/14011/writing/106/academic_writing http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/academicwriting 161 NHÀ XUẤT BẢN GIAO THÔNG VẬN TẢI 80B Trần Hưng Đạo - Hoàn Kiếm - Hà Nội Điện thoại: 024.39423346 * Fax: 024.38224784 Website: www.nxbgtvt.vn * Email: nxbgtvt@fpt.vn Chịu trách nhiệm xuất bản: Nguyễn Minh Nhật Chịu trách nhiệm nội dung: Nguyễn Hồng Kỳ Biên tập: Nguyễn Ngọc Sâm Đối tác liên kết xuất bản: Trường đại học Mỏ - Địa chất Địa chỉ: 18 Phố Viên, Bắc Từ Liêm, Hà Nội In 300 cuốn, khổ 20,5 x 29,5 cm Công ty TNHH Thương mại Dịch vụ Đức Hải Địa chỉ: 264 Nguyễn Trãi, Nam Từ Liêm, Hà Nội Số xác nhận đăng ký xuất bản: 3960-2019/CXBIPH/1-159/GTVT Mã số sách tiêu chuẩn quốc tế - ISBN: 978-604-76-1983-2 Quyết định xuất số: 187 LK/QĐ-XBGT ngày10 tháng 10 năm 2019 In xong nộp lưu chiểu năm 2019 162 ... ĐẦU Giáo trình biên soạn cho sinh viên năm cuối ngành Kỹ thuật Hố học Giáo trình nhằm bổ sung cho sinh viên từ vựng, tổ hợp từ, thuật ngữ, cấu trúc ngữ pháp hay gặp tài liệu khoa học kỹ thuật, ... luyện khả đọc, dịch viết tiếng Anh Trong phần cuối tác giả biên soạn ba kỹ thuật viết văn khoa học lĩnh vực Kỹ thuật Hoá học, giúp sinh viên nắm bước sườn thảo báo khoa học Tác giả xin trân trọng... làm quen với việc dịch Anh- Việt ngược lại, viết văn khoa học tiếng Anh Nội dung giáo trình gồm phần Các học phần biên soạn tăng dần theo mức độ chuyên sâu lĩnh vực hoá học Trong phần tác giả chọn