Giao an on thi TNCoi thu di

Thông thường các trợ động từ này không được sử dụng với "if" trong mệnh đề điều kiện của câu điều kiện, tuy nhiên vẫn có một số ngoại lệ như sau:.. If you (will/would): Nếu ...[r]

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D.P: 6/3/2010 Period: 5,6,7,8 D.T: 9, 10, 11 /3/2010

PASSIVE VOICE OF VERB TENSES

Objective: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to review the passive voice of verb tenses and relevant exercises correctly

A Presentation and Form:

- T gives the general form from an example

Ex: Mary wrote the report in the room yesterday (A) S V O Adv of Place Adverb of Time S BE V3 Adv of Place BY O Adv of Time The report was written in the room by Mary yesterday (P)

- T gives examples

- T asks Ss to give the form of verbs tenses in the passive Eg: Tom gives me a new book

A new book is given me by Tom I am given a new book by Tom HT Đ (Simple present)

S + V/S/ES + O

S + BE (AM, IS, ARE) + PP + (BY+O) - T asks Ss to give more egs

Eg: He is taking his brother to the zoo

His brother is being taken to the zoo (by him) HTTĐ (Present continuous tense)

S+ BE (AM, IS, ARE) +VING+ O

S+ BE (AM, IS, ARE) + BEING +PP + (BY +O) Eg: They have watched this film

This film has watched by them HTHT (Present perfect)

S+HAS/HAVE+PP+O

S+HAS/HAVE+BEEN +PP + (BY+O) Eg: My mother has been buying some flowers Some flowers have being bought by my mother HTHTTD (Present perfect continuous)

S+HAS/HAVE+BEEN+Ving+O S+HAS/HAVE+BEING+PP + (BY+O)

Eg: I planted some trees in the garden yesterday

Some trees were planted in the garden yesterday (by me) QKD (Simple past)

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S+WAS/WERE+PP+ (BY+O) Eg: They were playing football/

Football was being played by them QKTD (Past continuous)

S+WAS/WERE+ Ving + O

S+ WAS/WERE+BEING+PP+ (BY+O) Eg: She had bought a new hat yestreday

A new hat had been bought yesterday by her QKHT (Past perfect)

S+HAD +PP+O

S+HAD BEEN +PP+ (BY+O)

Eg: My friends had been learning English English had being learnt by my friends QKHTTD (Past perfect continuous) S+HAD BEEN+ Ving+O

S+HAD +BEING+PP+ (BY+O)

Eg: We will take our children to the zoo tomorrow Our children will be taken to the zoo tomorrow by us TLĐ (Simple future)

S+WILL +V+O

S+WILL BE+PP+ (BY+O)

Eg: She would give me money if she had much I would be given money by her if she had much 10 TLTQK: (Future in the past)

S+WOULD +V + O

S+WOULD BE + PP + (BY+O) Eg: They are going to their homework

Their homework is going to be done (by them) 11 TLG (the near future)

S + BE GOING TO + V + O

S + BE GOING TO + BE + PP + (BY+O)

Eg: He can play piano

Piano can be played by him 12 DTKT (model verb)

S+MODEL VERB+V+O

S+MODEL VERB+BE+PP+ (BY+O) B Practice:

Ex 1: Change these sentences into Passive voice

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……… ………

2 I’ll go by train and my friend will meet me at the station

……… ………

3 We put up a notice about the trip on the notice board yesterday

……… ………

4 The teacher is going to explain this problem to us

……… ………

5 How much did they pay you?

……… ………

6 The police are following the suspects

……… ………

7 A woman I know has just told me about it

……… ………

8 A sudden increase in water pressure may break the dam

……… ………

9 Nobody knows anything about Brenda’s family

……… ………

10 Many people believe that air pollution is going to be much worse in the next decade ……… ………

Ex 2: Use the active or passive, in any appropriate tense, for the verbs in brackets

1 The Amazon valley is extremely important to the ecology of the earth Forty percent of the world’s oxygen (produce) there

2 The game (win / probably) by the other team tomorrow They are a lot better than we are There was a terrible accident on a busy downtown street yesterday Dozens of people (see) it, including my friend, who (interview) by the police

4 The first fish (appear) on the earth about 500 million years ago Up to now, over 20,000 kinds of fish (name) and (describe) by the scientists New species (discover) every year, so the total increases continually

5 The government used to support the school Today it (support) by private funds as well as by the tuition the students pay

Ex 4: Change the following sentences into passive voice They are sending him abroad on business

- …

You must your homework before class - …

He has just sent me a greeting card - …

Did people see the thieves run past the shop? -

They don’t let workers use the office phone for personal calls - …

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Nobody has used this room for ages - …

You must clean the wall before you paint it - …

Don’t speak until someone asks you - …

Tom broke the chair and the teacher punished him severely -

Ex 5: Turn into the active voice This school was built thirty years ago - …

The results of the contest are going to be announced - …

The patients were examined by the doctor - …

The books are arranged into sections by the librarian -

She has had some tea made by Ann - …

Nothing had been found before the police arrived - …

Nam was said to be a clever pupil - …

Has the work been finished by Tom? - …

How was the lost man found by the police? - …

This room may be used for the classroom - …

Ex 6: Choose the best word, phrase or sentence

“He got a terrible punishment from his father” means ……

A He punished terribly from his father B He was terribly punished by his father C His father was got a terrible punishment from him D A, B, and C are correct Oil lamps …… for years before electricity were discovered

A had used B has been used C are used D had been used “They will build a new hospital in our town” means ……

A A new hospital will be built in our town B Our town will build a new hospital C A new hospital is built in our town D Our town will be built a new hospital “The laser beam can remove bone” means ……

A They can remove the laser beam B Bone can be removed by the laser beam C Bone can remove the laser beam D Bone can remove by the laser beam

They had to post the football match because of the rain

A The football match had to be postponed because of the rain B The football match had been postponed because of the rain C The football match had been to be postponed because of the rain D The football match had postponed because of the rain

No one has used this machine for years

A This machine has been used for years by anyone B This machine has not been used for years

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D This machine has not used for years They are building a bridge across that river A A bridge is built across that river

B A bridge is built across that river

C A bridge is being builted across that river D A bridge is being built across that river

You cannot wash this dress; you must dry-clean it

A This dress cannot being washed; it must being dry-cleaned B This dress cannot wash; it must dry-clean

C This dress cannot be washed; it must be dry-cleaned D All are correct

D.P: 6/3/2010 Period: 5,6,7,8 D.T: 9, 10, 11 /3/2010

PASSIVE VOICE OF VERB TENSES

Objective: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to review the passive voice of verb tenses and relevant exercises correctly

A Presentation and Form:

- T gives the general form from an example

Ex: Mary wrote the report in the room yesterday (A) S V O Adv of Place Adverb of Time S BE V3 Adv of Place BY O Adv of Time The report was written in the room by Mary yesterday (P)

- T gives examples

- T asks Ss to give the form of verbs tenses in the passive Eg: Tom gives me a new book

A new book is given me by Tom I am given a new book by Tom HT Đ (Simple present)

S + V/S/ES + O

S + BE (AM, IS, ARE) + PP + (BY+O) - T asks Ss to give more egs

Eg: He is taking his brother to the zoo

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2 HTTĐ (Present continuous tense) S+ BE (AM, IS, ARE) +VING+ O

S+ BE (AM, IS, ARE) + BEING +PP + (BY +O) Eg: They have watched this film

This film has watched by them HTHT (Present perfect)

S+HAS/HAVE+PP+O

S+HAS/HAVE+BEEN +PP + (BY+O) Eg: My mother has been buying some flowers Some flowers have being bought by my mother HTHTTD (Present perfect continuous)

S+HAS/HAVE+BEEN+Ving+O S+HAS/HAVE+BEING+PP + (BY+O)

Eg: I planted some trees in the garden yesterday

Some trees were planted in the garden yesterday (by me) QKD (Simple past)

S+Ved/I + O

S+WAS/WERE+PP+ (BY+O) Eg: They were playing football/

Football was being played by them QKTD (Past continuous)

S+WAS/WERE+ Ving + O

S+ WAS/WERE+BEING+PP+ (BY+O) Eg: She had bought a new hat yestreday

A new hat had been bought yesterday by her QKHT (Past perfect)

S+HAD +PP+O

S+HAD BEEN +PP+ (BY+O)

Eg: My friends had been learning English English had being learnt by my friends QKHTTD (Past perfect continuous) S+HAD BEEN+ Ving+O

S+HAD +BEING+PP+ (BY+O)

Eg: We will take our children to the zoo tomorrow Our children will be taken to the zoo tomorrow by us TLĐ (Simple future)

S+WILL +V+O

S+WILL BE+PP+ (BY+O)

Eg: She would give me money if she had much I would be given money by her if she had much 10 TLTQK: (Future in the past)

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S+WOULD BE + PP + (BY+O) Eg: They are going to their homework

Their homework is going to be done (by them) 11 TLG (the near future)

S + BE GOING TO + V + O

S + BE GOING TO + BE + PP + (BY+O)

Eg: He can play piano

Piano can be played by him 12 DTKT (model verb)

S+MODEL VERB+V+O

S+MODEL VERB+BE+PP+ (BY+O) B Practice:

Ex 1: Change these sentences into Passive voice

1 The boys broke the window and took away some pictures

……… ………

2 I’ll go by train and my friend will meet me at the station

……… ………

3 We put up a notice about the trip on the notice board yesterday

……… ………

4 The teacher is going to explain this problem to us

……… ………

5 How much did they pay you?

……… ………

6 The police are following the suspects

……… ………

7 A woman I know has just told me about it

……… ………

8 A sudden increase in water pressure may break the dam

……… ………

9 Nobody knows anything about Brenda’s family

……… ………

10 Many people believe that air pollution is going to be much worse in the next decade ……… ………

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Ex 4: Change the following sentences into passive voice They are sending him abroad on business

- …

They say that she is the best singer in town - …

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C His father was got a terrible punishment from him D A, B, and C are correct Oil lamps …… for years before electricity were discovered

A They can remove the laser beam B Bone can be removed by the laser beam C Bone can remove the laser beam D Bone can remove by the laser beam

C This machine has not to be used years D This machine has not used for years They are building a bridge across that river A A bridge is built across that river

1 The Amazon valley is extremely important to the ecology of the earth Forty percent of the world’s oxygen (produce) there

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- …

They say that she is the best singer in town - …

A He punished terribly from his father B He was terribly punished by his father C His father was got a terrible punishment from him D A, B, and C are correct Oil lamps …… for years before electricity were discovered

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C This machine has not to be used years D This machine has not used for years They are building a bridge across that river A A bridge is built across that river

D.P: 12/3/2010 Period: 9, 10, 11, 12 D.T: 16, 17, 18/3/2010

Conditional sentences-Câu điều kiện

Các trợ động từ hình thái will, would, can, could thường xuất câu điều kiện Các câu điều kiện thường chứa từ if (nếu) Có hai loại câu điều kiện điều kiện có thực điều kiện khơng có thực

I/ Điều kiện cóthể thực (điều kiện có thực hay điều kiện dạng I)

Câu điều kiện có thực câu mà người nói dùng để diễn đạt hành động tình thường xảy (thói quen) xảy (trong tương lai) điều kiện mệnh thoả mãn Nếu nói tương lai, dạng câu sử dụng nói đến điều kiện thực xảy

TƯƠNG LAI (FUTURE ACTION)

If he tries much more, he will improve his English If I have money, I will buy a new car

THÓI QUEN (HABITUAL)

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MỆNH LỆNH (COMMAND)

If + S + simple present tense + command form of verb + If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me

Please call me if you hear anything from Jane

II/Điều kiện thực (điều kiện khơng có thực hay điều kiện dạng II, III)

Câu điều kiện thực dùng để diễn tả hành động trạng thái xảy xảy tình đặt câu khác với thực tế xảy xảy Câu điều kiện khơng có thực thường gây nhầm lẫn thực kiện mà câu thể lại trái ngược với cách thể câu: động từ câu khẳng định ý nghĩa thực câu lại phủ định ngược lại

If I were rich, I would travel around the world

(I am not rich) (I’m not going to travel around the world) If I hadn’t been in a hurry, I wouldn’t have had an accident (I was in a hurry) (I had an accident)

*Điều kiện khơng có thực (dạng II)

PRESENT OR FUTURE TIME

If I had enough money now, I would buy a tourist trip to the moon He would tell you about it if he were here

If he didn’t speak so quickly, you could understand him (He speaks very quicky) (You can’t understand him) Động từ "to be" phải chia "were" tất If I were you, I wouldn't go to that movie

*Điều kiện khơng có thực q khứ (dạng III)

PAST TIME

If we had known that you were there, we would have written you a letter (We didn’t know ) (We didn’t write you a letter)

If we hadn’t lost our way, we would have arrived sooner If he had studied harder for that test, he would have passed it

Chú ý thể điều kiện khơng có thực mà khơng dùng if Trong trường hợp đó, trợ động từ had đưa lên đầu câu, đứng trước chủ ngữ Mệnh đề điều kiện đứng trước mệnh đề

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Lưu ý: Câu điều kiện lúc tuân theo qui luật Trong số trường hợp đặc biệt, vế điều kiện khứ vế lại (do thời gian qui định)

If she had caught the train, she would be here by now

*Cách sử dụng will, would, could, should số trường hợp khác

Thông thường trợ động từ không sử dụng với "if" mệnh đề điều kiện câu điều kiện, nhiên có số ngoại lệ sau:

If you (will/would): Nếu vui lòng Thường dùng yêu cầu lịch Would lịch will If you will/would wait for a moment, I will go and see if Mr Conner is here

If + Subject + Will/Would: Nếu Chịu Để diễn đạt ý tự nguyện If he will listen to me, I can help him

Will dùng theo mẫu câu để diễn đạt ngoan cố: Nếu định, Nếu If you will turn on the music loudly so late tonight, no wonder why your neighbours complain

If you could: Xin vui lòng Diễn đạt lịch yêu cầu mà người nói cho người đồng ý lẽ đương nhiên

If you could open your book, please

If + Subject + should + + command: Ví Diễn đạt tình dù xảy song khó

If you should find any difficulty in using that TV, please call me Có thể đảo should lên chủ ngữ bỏ if

Should you find any difficulty in using that TV, please call me

*Cách sử dụng if số trường hợp khác

If then: Nếu

If she can’t come to us, then we will have to go and see her

If dùng dạng câu suy diễn logic (không phải câu điều kiện): Động từ mệnh đề diễn biến bình thường theo thời gian

If you want to learn a musical instrument, you have to practice

If you did not much maths at school, you will find economics difficult to understand If that was Marry, why didn’t she stop and say hello

If should = If happen to = If should happen to diễn đạt không chắn (Xem thêm phần sử dụng should trên)

If you should happen to pass a supermarket, perhaps you could get some eggs (Ngộ nhỡ mà anh có tình cờ ghé qua chợ có lẽ mua cho em trứng)

If Was/were to Diễn đạt điều kiện khơng có thật tưởng tượng Nó gần giống câu điều kiện khơng có thật

If our boss was/were to come in now (= if the boss came in now), we would be in real trouble What would we if I was/were to lose my job?

Hoặc diễn đạt ý lịch đưa đề nghị

If you were to move your chair a bit, we could all sit down

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Note: Cấu trúc tuyệt đối không dùng với động từ tĩnh trạng thái tư Correct: If I knew her name, I would tell you

Incorrect: If I was/were to know

If it + to be + not + for: Nếu khơng vì, không nhờ vào Thời tại:

If it wasn’t/weren’t for the children, that couple wouldn’t have any thing to talk about (Nếu khơng đứa vợ chồng nhà chả có chuyện mà nói)

Thời q khứ:

If it hadn’t been for your help, I don’t know what to

(Nếu không nhờ vào giúp đỡ anh tơi khơng biết phải làm đây) Có thể đảo lại:

Had it not been for your help, I don’t know what to to

"Not" thêm vào động từ sau "if" để bày tỏ nghi ngờ, khơng chắn (Có nên Hay khơng )

I wonder if we shouldn’t ask the doctor to look at Mary

It would if + subject + would (Sẽ – không dùng văn viết) It would be better if they would tell every body in advance

(Sẽ tốt họ kể cho người từ trước) How would we feel if this would happen to our family!

(Ta cảm thấy điều xảy gia đình chúng ta!)

If ’d have will have: Dùng văn nói, không dùng văn viết, diễn đạt điều kiện xảy khứ

If I’d have known, I’d have told you

If she’d have recognized him it would have been funny If + preposition + noun/verb (Subject + be bị lược bỏ) If in doubt, ask for help (= If you are in doubt )

If about to go on a long journey, try to have a good night sleep (= If you are about to go on ) If dùng với số từ any/anything/ever/not để diễn đạt phủ định

There is little if any good evidence for flying saucers

(There is little evidence, if there is any at all, for flying saucers) (Có chứng đĩa bay, có thực)

I’m not angry If anything, I feel a little surprised

(Tôi không giận đâu Mà có tơi cảm thấy ngạc nhiên) Cách nói cịn diễn đạt ý kiến ướm thử: Nếu có

I’d say he was more like a father, if anything

(Tơi xin nói ơng cịn người cha, nói thế.) He seldom if ever travels abroad

(Anh ta chả nước ngoài)

Usually, if not always, we write “cannot” as one word (Thông thường, luôn ) If + Adjective = although (cho dù là)

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(Văn phong ông ta, cho dù đơn giản, đọc thú)

The profits, if little lower than last year’s, are still extremely wealthy (Lợi nhuận, cho dù có thấp năm qua chút, lớn.) Cấu trúc thay may , but

His style may be simple, but it is pleasant to read

III/ Practice:

Ex 1: Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words in brackets. I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone! (Unless)

……….……… I didn’t have an umbrella with me and so I got wet (If)

……….……… You press this button to stop the machine (If)

……….……… If you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 8.00 (Should)

……….……… Provided that you leave an address we will be able to contact you (Unless)

……….……… Without Jack’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to move the table (If)

……….……… He would have lent you his car if you’d asked him (Had)

……….……… If you changed your mind, you’d be welcome to join us (Were)

……….……… They are having a row because she borrowed his tennis racket and lost it (If)

……….……… 10 Unless you save some money, you will never be able to buy a car (Provided)

……….……… Answers:

1 Unless you leave me alone, I’ll call the police

2 If I had had an umbrella with me, I wouldn’t have got wet If you press this button, the machine stops

4 Should you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 8.00 Unless you leave an address we will not be able to contact you

6 If Jack hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have been able to move the table Had you asked him, he would have lent you his car

8 Were you to change your mind, you’d be welcome to join us If she hadn’t lost his tennis racket, they wouldn’t be having a row 10 Provided that you save some money, you will be able to buy a car Ex 2: Supply the correct tenses of verbs given in these sentences.

1 We don’t go out unless it (STOP) raining

2 We (CALL) the police now if he didn’t give me back the bike

3 You would not be able to this test well if your English (BE) not good

4 If we (NOT HAVE) enough rain last year, we (NOT GROW) rice well The men could not have caught those fish unless they (HAVE) good nets

6 He (NOT LEARN) much if he did not work harder If you read this book carefully, you (UNDERSTAND) it He (WRITE) to you if he heard some news

9 We really help him if he really (NEED) us

10 If he (NOT HAVE) an accident last night, he (NOT BE) in hospital now Answers:

1 Stops Would call Were Hadn’t had / wouldn’t have grown Had had

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Exercise 1: Chia động từ ngoặc cho phù hợp:

1 I (be) _ angry if it turns out that you are wrong If he (finish) with the computer, I will put it away If you leave now, you (be) _ home in hours

4 You (have to) _ finish writing it if you want to leave now If it (not rain) we will have the party outside

6 If I (live) out of town, I would take up the garden I (not mind) living in Sapa if the weather were better

8 If Mr Hai (be) _ still a teacher, he wouldn’t permit such a bad behavior We would be fine if we (leave) _ in the next ten minutes

10 I’m homeless If I (have) _ money now, I (buy) a big house 11 If we had missed the train yesterday, we (be) late for the meeting

12 It’s good that you reminded me about Ann’s birthday I (forget) _if you hadn’t reminded me 13 The accident was your fault If you had driven more carefully, it (not happen) 14 The view was wonderful If I (have) _ a camera, I would have taken some photographs 15 If you had told me you needed money, I (lend) _ you some

Exercise 2: Chọn đáp án cho câu đây: If I the bus this afternoon, I will get a taxi instead

A miss B will miss C missed D had missed

2 `We’ll have to go without John if he soon

A won’t arrive B will arrive C arrives D doesn’t arrive If I make some coffee, _ the cake?

A you cut B will you cut C are you cutting D don’t you cut

4 If you your homework, I _ you watch TV

A won’t do/ let B did/ won’t let C don’t do/ won’t let D won’t do/ don’t let If you _ this switch, the computer _ on

A press/ comes B will press/ comes C press/ can come D have pressed/ will comes you, I would think twice about that decision It could be a bad move

A If I am B should I be C were I D if I had been

7 “Would you like some cake?”- “no thanks If I cake, I fat.”

A ate/ will get B ate/ would get C would eat/could get D am eating/ will get Pam broke her arm in the accident It much worse if she hadn’t been wearing her seat belt

A will be B would have been C was D were

9 “My boss made me work overtime again.”_ “if I _ you, I _ my job.”

A were/ would have quit B am/ will quit C was/ must quit D were/ would quit 10 “John went to the hospital alone.”- “Did he? If he _ me with him.”

A told/ would go B told/ might have gone

C had told/ could go D had told/ would have gone

11 “My car broke down when I was leaving Tan Chau” – “ _, we’d _ you up.” A if we had known/ pick B had we known/ had picked

C if we’d known/ picked D if we knew/ pick

12 “I don’t know whether to take that job or not”- “ _ you, I _ it.”

A if I had been/ would have taken B should I be/ will take C if I were/would have taken D were I/ would take

13 “You look tired”- “well, if you me up in the middle of the night, I _ so tired.” A didn’t wake/ wouldn’t have been B hadn’t woken/ wouldn’t be C hadn’t woken/ wouldn’t have been D don’t wake/ won’t be 14 resigned, we would have been force to sack him

A Had he not B Hadn’t he C He had not D He not had

15 If you _ me about the bad service, we’d have eaten there

A didn’t tell B wouldn’t have told C hadn’t told D had told

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A is/ will cancel B is/ will be canceled C was/ would be canceled D was/ would cancel 17 If you to my advice in the first place, you in this mess right now

A listen/ won’t be B listened/ wouldn’t have been

C will listened/ wouldn’t be D had listened/ wouldn’t be 18 If he me, I’ll be ready to help him

A ask B will ask C asks D to ask

19 When winter comes, I a new coat

A buying B buy C will buy D buys

20 What would Tom if he the truth?

A would know B has know C knows D knew

21 If I you, I wouldn’t that

A be B were C was D had been

22 If I had money now, I _ a car

A will buy B buy C would buy D had bought

23 It would have been a much more accident if she _ fast at the time

A was driving B had driven C drove D drive

24 If I had been absent from class yesterday, I the math test

A would missed B would have missed C will miss D miss

25 If you _ here earlier, you _ her A had come/ would have met B come /meet

C came/would meet D comes will meet

26 If I _ a millionaire, I a Civic Honda

A am/ will buy B was/ would buy C was/ would have bought D were/ would buy 27 “Here is my phone number”- “thanks, I _ you a call if I _ some help.”

A will give/ will need B would give/ needed C will give/ need D give/ need 28 If I _ wings, I _ take an airplane to fly home

A have/ won’t have to B had/ wouldn’t have to C have/ will have to D had/ didn’t have to 29 I think you should stop smoking

A if I am you, I will stop smoking B if I were you, I will stop smoking C if I were you, I would stop smoking D if I had been you, I would stop smoking 30 If I were you, I would work harder

A you would rather not work so hard B you should work harder C you should work with me D not work so hard 31 We did not visit the museum because we had no time

A If we have time, we will visit the museum B If we had time, we would visit the museum

C If we had had time, we would have visited the museum D If we had had time, we will visit the museum

32 He looked frightened as if he a ghost

A sees B is seeing C has seen D had seen

33 Doctor, I feel as if my head _ on fire at the moment

A is B were C had been D be

34 You work harder, you will be sacked

A Whether B If C However D Unless

35 Unless you _ quiet, I’ll scream

A don’t keep B keep C kept D didn’t keep

36 I won’t wake unless I the alarm

A don’t hear B heard C hear D didn’t hear

37 , he would have been able to pass the exam

A If he studied more B If he were studying more

C studying more D had he studied more

38 Had I had some more money, I _ that book

A Would buy B will buy C would have bought D all are correct 39 if I take a map

A I will get lost B I will not get lost C I would get lost D I would not get lost 40 If cauliflowers from extreme temperatures, the heads get discolored

A will not be protected B are not protected

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Exercise 3: Tìm lỗi sai câu sau:

1 (A)Unless there (B) had been a (C) heavy storm, the climber (D) will not have died He (A) spend money (B) carelessly (C) as if he (D) was a millionaire

3 (A)They spent money (B)as if (C)they (D)were very rich

4 (A)What (B) would you have (D) if you (D) were in my position?

5 (A)If I (B )had knew the time (C)when the match started, I (D)would have told you If (A) had I known you (B) were (C) in financial difficulty, I (D) would have helped you (A)If she (B) had listened (C) to my direction she (D) will not turn down the wrong street My children (A) won’t go to bed (B) unless they (C) don’t have (D) some money

9 If you (A) keep on (B) playing games (C) on the computer, I (D) would sell it 10 (A) Unless it (B) rains, we (C) will stay (D) at home

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D.P: 20/3/2010 Period: 13,14,15,16 D.T: 22, 23, 24 / /2010

COMPARISIONS

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OBJECTIVE: By the end of this review, Ss will be able to use the structures Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs correctly

A REVIEW THE STRUCTURES (Groups) I Phân loại tính từ/ trạng từ theo âm tiết:

a Tính từ (adj) / trạng từ (adv) ngắn : có âm tiết âm tiết tận bằng: -Y, -LE, -OW, -ER EX: big, cheap, young, new, wide……; “happy, busy, early, clever, gentle, narrow”………

b Tính từ (adj) / trạng từ (adv) dài : có âm tiết trở lên

EX: quickly, careful, famous……; difficult, important, intelligent, dangerous………

 Note:

- Early (sớm) loại ngắn từ ngun gốc - Quickly (nhanh) là loại dài kết hợp của: QUICK + LY II Các loại so sánh:

1 So sánh (Positive form) hình thức dùng Đối tượng so vơi đối tượng a Câu khẳng định:

Ex: This picture is as beautiful as that one (Bức tranh đẹp tranh kia) Mary draws as beautifully as Tom does

(Mary vẽ đẹp Tom vậy)

b Câu phủ ñònh

He isn’t so careful as his brother.(Anh không cẩn thận anh anh ấy)

John doesn’t work so/as carefully as Mary does (John không làm việc cẩn thận Mary)

Lưu ý: Khi nói gấp lần, ta dùng: twice as … as (gấp lần), three times as … as (gấp lần) EX: Their house three times as big as our house (Nhà họ lớn gấp lần nhà chúng tôi)

2 So sánh (Comparative form): hình thức dùng Đối tượng so vơi đối tượng Tính Từ/ Trạng Từ Ngắn (Short Adj/ Adv) Tính Từ/Trạng Từ Dài (Long Adj/ Adv)

S + V + as + adj/ adv + as + noun/ pronoun / clause

(Đối tượng 1) (Đối tượng 2)

S + V (not) + as/so + adj/ adv + as + noun / pronoun / clause

(Đối tượng 1) (Đối tượng 2)

Với “to be” → so sánh tính từ: beautiful,

Với Động từ thường (draws)

→ so sánh trạng từ: beautifully/ carefully

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a Thêm “-ER” vào sau tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn

(short adj/ adv)

EX:

big (lớn) → bigger (lớn hơn) fast (nhanh) → faster (nhanh hơn) quiet (yên lặng) → quieter(yên lặng hơn) happy(hạnh phúc) → happier (hạnhphúc hơn) clever(thông minh) → cleverer(thôngminh hơn)

narrow(hẹp) → narrower (hẹp hơn) simple(đơn giản) → simpler (đơngiản hơn)

:

 Nam is taller than his sister (Nam cao chị anh aáy)

He works harder than his friend

(Anh làm việc chăm bạn mình)

b Thêm “MORE” trước tính từ/trạng từ dài

(long adj/ adv)

EX:

useful (hữu ích) → more useful (hữu ích hơn) boring (tẻ nhạt) → more boring (tẻ nhạt hơn) tired (mệt mỏi) → more tired (mệt mỏi hơn) quickly (nhanh) → more quickly (nhanh hơn) quietly (yên tĩnh) →more quietly (yên tĩnh hơn) interesting (thú vị)→ more interesting (thú vị hơn)

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S + V + short adj/adv _er + and + short adj/adv _er More and more + long adj/adv

Lưu ý: Ta tăng giảm mức độ so sánh cách thêm “much/ far/ a lot (nhiều), a bit/ a little, rather/ slightly (một ít)”TRƯỚC dạng so sánh

EX: Her boy friend is much/ far older than her (Bạn trai cô lớn tuổi cô ta nhiều) Today I get up a little later than usual (Hôm thức dậy trễ thường ngày chút)

3 So sánh (Superlative form): hình thức dùng đối tượng so với nhiều đối tượng khác Thường nhiều đối tượng khác hiểu cụm từ mệnh đề như:

 IN + NƠI CHỐN/ TỔ CHỨC: in the world (trên giới) / in Vietnam (ở Việt nam)…  OF + NHÓM NGƯỞI/VẬT (cụ thể): of the three students (trong học sinh)…

 OF + THỜI GIAN: of the year (trong năm)

 (THAT) I’VE EVER SEEN / KNOWN…(mà thấy/ biết)

Ex: - What is the longest river in the world? (Con sông dài giới?)

Tính Từ/ Trạng Từ Ngắn (Short Adj/ Adv) Tính Từ/Trạng Từ Dài (Long Adj/ Adv)

a Thêm “–EST” vào sau tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn (short adj/ adv)

EX: hot (nóng) → hottest (nóng nhất) cheap (rẻ) → cheapest (rẻ nhất) busy (bận rộn) → busiest (bận rộn nhất) happy (hạnh phúc)→ happiest (hạnh phúc nhất) Ex: She types the fastest in the company (Cô đánh máy nhanh công ty)

Ex: Yesterday was the hottest day of the year (Hôm qua ngày nóng nhất năm.)

b Thêm “MOST” trước tính từ/ trạng từ dài

(long adj/ adv)

EX: slowly (chaäm) → most slowly (chaäm nhất) expensive (đắt) → most expensive (đắt nhất)

beautiful (đẹp)→ most beautiful (đẹp nhất) Ex: This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.(Đây phim thú vị mà xem)

Ex: She is the most beautiful girl in the class

(Cô cô gái đẹp nhất lớp.)

4.So sánh kép:

a/ so sánh lũy tiến: hình thức nói đối tượng thay đổi ngày

Thường động từ: GET = BECOME: trở nên

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S + V + THE + short adj/adv_EST + nhiều đối tượng khác

Đối tượng

S + V + THEMOST -Long Adj/ Adv + nhiều đối

tượng khác

Đối tượng

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Ex: Hoa becomes fatter and fatter (Hoa ngày mập hơn)

Mr Brown drives faster and faster (Ông Brown lái xe ngày nhanh hơn)

Jane becomes more and more beautiful (Jane trở nên xinh đẹp hơn)

b/ sosánh đồng tiến : hình thức nói đối tượng thay đổi – ảnh hưởng lẫn

Ex: The healthier I get, the happier I feel (Càng khoẻ mạnh thấy hạnh phúc)

The more difficult the lesson is, the harder we try (Bài học khó, cố gắng)

The larger the house is, the more expensive it is (Căn nhà lớn, đắt) III Lưu ý tính từ/ trạng từ:

a Qui tắc thêm _ER _EST vào adj/adv:

Large– larger – the largest (rộng/ lớn nhất)

Dry – drier –the driest (khô nhất) Hot – hotter –the hottest (nóng nhất) Big – bigger – the biggest (lớn nhất)

New - newer - the newest (mới nhất) Narrow – narrower – narrowest (hẹp nhất)

B Trường hợp ngoại lệ:

Good/well  better  the best Bad/badly  worse  the worst Many/much  more  the most Little  less  the least Far  farther  the farthest Further the furthest

THE + COMPARATIVE + S + V, the + COMPARATIVE + S + V

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Exercise 1: Complete the sentences Use the comparison of the word in brackets Mary isn’t (pretty) as her sister

2 The steak is (expensive) than fish

3 Of the four dresses, I like the red one (well) Nobody is (happy) than Miss Snow

5 It was an awful day It was (bad) day of my life

6 Thank to the progress of science, human life is (good and good) Mr Brown is (delightful) person I have ever known

8 The competition makes the price of goods (cheap and cheap) Sam’s conduct is (bad) than Paul’s

10 These boys are (ill-prepared) for the employment than my children 11 What is (popular) sport in your country?

12 They speak English (fluently) than we

Exercise 2: Complete the sentences, suing the structure …er and …er or more and more This subject gets harder and harder all the time (hard)

2 I’m just getting more and more confused (confused)

3 It’s becoming for me to keep up (difficult) The textbook just gets (complicated) I spend time on my work (much) My list of things to gets (long)

7 As I waited for my interview, I became (nervous) My problem is getting (bad)

9 Since she has been in Britain, her English has got (good) 10 Traveling is becoming (expensive)

11 My bags seemed to get as I carried them (heavy) 12 The city is getting (big)

Exercise 3: Complete each sentence using information in brackets and the structure with two comparative (The rents are high.) The bigger a flat is, the higher the rent is.

(You learn quickly.) The younger you are (The roads are quite.) The earlier you leave

4 (The choice is wide.) The bigger a supermarket is (I get confused.) The more I tried to work this out, (You can speak fluently.) The more you practise

7 (The beaches get crowded.) The better the weather is (She became impatient.) The longer she waited, (It’s hard to concentrate.) The more tired you are, 10 (The product is reliable.) The higher the price is,

Exercise 4:Give the correct form of the adjectives or adverbs in brackets

1 It was an awful day It was the (bad) _ day of my life He was a bit depressed yesterday, but he looks (happy) today John’s car runs (well) than Mary’s

4 That’s the (far) _ way to the city center I feel (good) _ today than I did last week HCM City is the (big) city in Viet Nam Marjorie has (many) _ books than Sue

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8 He acts (badly) than ever before

9 This bottle has (little) water than my bottle 10 Nam is (nice) _ than Minh

Exercise 5: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences Jane doesn’t speak English ……

A well as Betty B as well as Betty C as good as Betty D better as Betty This is …… most interesting film I’ve ever seen

A an B a C the D no article

3 This coat and that one are ……

A like B alike C same D likely

4 Mary is …… in our class

A prettier B more pretty C most pretty D the prettiest Thanks to advertisements, things cost ……

A the less B little C less D the more less

6 The more manufacturers advertise … they sell

A the more products B the most products

C the products more D most products

7 Jogging makes our health ……

A more good B better C the more good D the most good …… we jog … we are

A The most – the healthiest B The most – the healthier C The more – the healthiest D The more – the healthier The test is not …… difficult …… it was last month

A as – as B so – as C more – as D A and B

10 The winter is coming, it is getting ……

A more cold B the more cold C colder and colder D the most cold 11 He learns English …… than we

A badly B badlier C more badly D worse

12 Peter usually drives …… Mary

A more fast B more fast than C most fast D faster than 13 The problem seems to be ……

A most serious B more serious than

C more serious D more and more serious

14 Their house is …… beautiful than mine

A as B more C much D so

15 My car is …… yours

A more cheap and beautiful than B cheaper and more beautiful than C more cheap and more beautiful than D cheaper and beautiful as

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D.P: 27/3/2010 Period:17,18,19,20 D.T: 30,31/3/2010; 2/4/2010

RELATIVE CLAUSE (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ )

1 Chức đại từ quan hệ :

WHO : thay cho danh từ người (làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ) WHOM : thay cho danh từ người (làm tân ngữ)

WHICH : thay cho danh từ vật (làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ)

WHOSE : thay cho hình thức sở hữu (sở hữu cách, tính từ sở hữu, of …) WHERE : thay cho cụm giới từ nơi chốn = (giới từ) + WHICH WHEN : thay cho cụm giới từ thời gian = (giới từ) + WHICH WHY : thay cho cụm giới từ nguyên nhân, lí ( for + reason)

OF WHICH : Thay cho tính từ sở hữu vật(its)

2 Quy tắt :

Danh từ người + WHO + S + S + V… Danh từ người + WHOM + S + V… Danh từ vật + WHICH + S + V…+ V…

Danh từ + WHOSE + noun + V…+ S + V… Danh từ nơi chốn + WHERE + S + V…

Danh từ thời gian + WHEN + S + V…

Ví dụ :

- The man gave me the money He met me at the airport

 The man who met me at the airport gave me the money

- This is the man We saw him at the party yesreday

 This is the man whom/ who we saw at the party yesterday

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- The pencil belongs to me It is in your pocket

 The pencil which is in your pocket belongs to me

- The car is very expensive He bought it

 The car which he bought is very expensive

- There is the man His wallet was stolen

 There is the man whose wallet was stolen

- The tree should be cut down The branches of the tree are dead

 The tree whose branches are dead should be cut down

- That is the village I live in the village

 That is the village where I live

Lưu ý : Có 02 loại mệnh đề quan hệ:

* Defining clause (mệnh đề quan hệ xác định) : loại mệnh đề này, ta dùng THAT thay cho WHO, WHOM WHICH

- The man who/ that met me at the airport gave me the money - The pencil which/ that is in your pocket belongs to me

* Non-defining clause (mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định) : loại mệnh đề thường đứng sau danh từ riêng phải có dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính, khơng sử dụng THAT để thay - Shakespeare, who wrote “Romeo and Juliet”, died in 1616

- Vietnam, which lies in Southeast Asia, is rich in coal

3 Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ :

a D ùng V-ing:

eg: The man who is teaching us Maths is Mr Tuan → The man teaching us Maths is Mr Tuan

b Dùng PP:

eg: The house which was built 30 years has been pulled down → The hose built 30 years ago has been pulled down

c Dùng To-V:

eg: This is the first man who tells me the story

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→This is the first man to tell me the story

Eg: We have many things which we have to →We have many things to

Exercise1: Combine the sentences , using relative clauses and insert commas where necessary. Mary said that there should be a notice up warning people Mary's children couldn't swim ………

2.David is going to talk about careers I’m sure you all know him ……… 3.I remember the day I was afraid to use my new computer then ……… 4.Some people dream of a job They can the job without technology ……… 5.You sent me a present Thank you very much for it

……… 6.There wasn't any directory in the telephone box I was phoning from this box ……… 7.She refuses to use machines This makes her work more arduous ………

8 He paid me £5 for cleaning ten windows Most of them hadn't been cleaned for at least a year ………

9.The Earls of Euston were landowners in London Euston Station is named after them ………

10.Emilia and I shared a room We spent nights talking there

………

Exercise2: Add the correct relative pronoun or adverb to complete the sentence. She is one of the few people to ………….I look up

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2 The Newspaper is owned by the Mearson Group, ………….chairman is Sir James Bex The Titanic, ……… sank in 1922, was supposed to be unsinkable

4 One of the people arrested was Mary Arundel, ……… is a member of the local council Mai was looking for a dog ……….leg had been broken in an accident

6 The earth, ……….is the fifth largest planet in the solar system, is the third planet from the sun Ha Noi, ……….thousands of tourists come to visit every year, is the capital of Viet Nam I don’t know the reason ………he was absent yesterday morning

9 People ……… outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy people 10 Do you remember the department …………we bought these shirts?

Exercise 3: Chọn phương án tốt để hoàn thành câu sau:

1 What’s the name of the man ?

A you borrowed his car B which car you borrowed C whose car you borrowed D his car you borrowed Colin told me about his job, _ very much

A that he’s enjoying B which he’s enjoying C he’s enjoying D he’s enjoying it Sheila couldn’t come to the party, _ was a pity

A that B it C what D which

4 Some of the people to the party can’t come

A inviting B invited C who invited D they were invited Do you know the woman lives next door?

A she B who C whom D her

6 They are never on time, can’t be explained

A who B that C what D which

7 A pensioner is someone _ no longer works and gets money from the state

A whom B whose C which D that

8 The man _ answered the telephone told me you were away

A whom B he C who D what

9 Some people were arrested, have now been released

A that B which C whom D x

10 They give their children everything _ they want

A what B x C who D how

11 Tell me _ you want and I’ll try to get it for you

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A that B how C what D A and C 12 The women he fell in love left him after a few weeks

A with whom B who C to whom D for whom

13 Do you still remember the day we first met?

A where B whom C which D when

14 I don’t know the name of the woman _ I spoke on the phone

A whom B who C to whom D to that

15 This school is often for children _ first language is not English

A who B that C whose D x

16 Fortunately we had a map, _we would have got lost

A no which B without which C none that D without that 17 They asked me a lot of questions, _ I couldn’t answer

A all of whom B that C all of which D who

18 The secretary was the only people _ by the traffic chaos

A delay B delayed C who delayed D whom delayed

19 An obstacle is something, your way

A blocked B to block C that is blocked D which is blocking

20 _ I really need is a long holiday

A That B What C Which D Who

21 A chemical company has gone bankrupt

A to employ 4000 people B employing 4000 people

C employ 4000 people D that was employed 4000 people

22 The picture Laura painted is being shown in an exhibition

A that B which C why D A and B

23 The plane has just taken off is an hour late

A it B what C which D who

24 I had just only one reply Albco was the _ company to reply my letter

A last B most C only D second

25 The week _ Mike went to camping was the wettest of the year

A which B when C how D who

26 Which is the European country economy is growing the fastest?

A who B what C whose D that

27 Martin is someone with _ I usually agree

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A that B which C who D whom 28 Melanie was looking after a dog leg had been broken in an accident

A who B whose C that D what

29 I’d like to see the photo _

A took B you took it C that you took D that you took it

30 There are people no one cares

Exercise 4: Choïn lỗi sai câu sau:

1 On the way home, we saw a lot of men, women, and dogs which were playing in the park

A B C D

2 Tobacco was used ceremonially by the Indians, whom from settlers borrowed it as a luxury A B C D

3 The man whom remained in the office was the manager A B C D

4 This novel, which written by a well known writer, should be read A B C D

5 My friend George, that arrived late, was not permitted to enter the class A B C D

6 This is the only place which we can obtain scientific information A B C D

D.P: Period: 21,22,23,24 D.T:

PARTS OF SPEECH TỪ LOẠI

*Aim: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to know clearly about parrts of speech

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I- Danh từ:

1) Danh từ đếm được:

a Hình thức số ít: a/an + N

- “a” đứng trước danh từ số bắt đầu phụ âm Ex: a book, a pen, …

- “an” đứng trước danh từ số bắt đầu nguyên âm Ex: an apple, an orange, an egg, an umbrella, an island, … b Hình thức số nhiều:

Hợp quy tắc: Ns/es

Ex: books, pens, boxes

* Qui tắc thêm s es để tạo hình thức số nhiều:

Qui tắc 1: danh từ số nhiều thường tạo thành cách thêm s es vào danh từ số Example: lamp, lamps; cat, cats; fork, forks; flower, flowers; pen, pens

Qui tắc 2: Danh từ tận s, z, x, sh, and ch, ge thì ta thêm es để tạo thành hình thức số nhiều Example: box- boxes, dish- dishes church-churches, orange- oranges, glasses, benches

Qui tắc 3: Danh từ tận y trước y phụ âm thì ta phải biến y thành i thêm es

y to ies

Examples: lady, ladies; city, cities; army, armies

Qui tắc 4: : Danh từ tận y trước y nguyên âm thì ta để nguyên y thêm s Example: boy, boys; day, days

Qui tắc 5: Danh từ kết thúc o mà trước o phụ âm ta thêm es Example: hero; heroes; grotto, grottoes ngoaị lệ : pianos, photos

Qui tắc 6: Danh từ kết thúc o mà trước o nguyên âm ta thêm s Example:; cameo- cameos; studio- studios

Qui tăc 7: Danh từ kết thúc f or fe thì ta phải biến f or fe thành ves để tạo nên danh từ số nhiều Example: beef, beeves; wife, wives

Singular nouns use this and that

Plural nouns use these and those

Bất quy tắc:

Số ít Số nhiều Số Số nhiều

a man men a foot feet

a woman women a tooth teeth

a child children a bacterium bacteria

a person people a curriculum curricula

a mouse mice a datum data

a louse lice a criterion criteria

a goose geese a phenomenon phenomena

an ox oxen a medium media

Danh từ ln có hình thức mang nghĩa số nhiều:

clothes, scissors, spectacles, shorts, pants, jeans, trousers, pyjamas, binoculars, belongings, gloves, glasses, shoes, …

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sheep, deer, aircraft, craft, fish, salmon, species, means…

Danh từ mang nghĩa số nhiều:

police, cattle, people, police, cattle, poultry, military, goods, clothes, scissors, glasses,goods, thanks,…

Danh từ có hình thức số nhiều mang nghĩa số ít:

news, mathematics (maths), economics, linguistics, politics, statistics, physics, phonetics, aerobics, athletics, gymnastics, measles, mumps, rickets, diabetes, the Philippines, the United States,

2) Danh từ không đếm được:

Là thứ ta đếm trực tiếp (một, hai, ba, …) milk, water, rice, sugar, butter, salt, bread, news, information, advice, luggage, health, knowledge, equipment, iron, paper, glass, luggage, rubbish, grass, progress, furniture … (one milk, two milk)

* Chú ý:

- Khơng có hình thức số nhiều (s/es) - Khơng dùng với a/an/one/two…

- Có thể với từ dơn vị định lượng + of:

a bottle of milk, two litters of water, a loaf of bread, three sheets of paper, four pieces of chalk, a bar of chocolate, a gallon of petrol, …

3) Danh từ vừa đếm vừa không đếm được:

Một số danh từ trường hợp đếm trường hợp khác lại không đếm

Đếm Không đếm được

a glass (một li) glass (thủy tinh) two papers (hai tờ báo) paper (giấy) three coffees (ba tách cà phê) coffee (cà phê) two sugars (hai muỗng đương) sugar (đường)

4) Một số danh từ số nghĩa khác, số nhiều nghĩa khác

Số ít Nghĩa Số nhiều Nghĩa

Air Colour Copper Custom Effect Force Good Iron Letter Minute Pain Physic Quarter Return Salt Spectacle

Khơng khí, dáng điệu Màu sắc Chất đồng Phong tục Hậu Sức mạnh Điều tốt Sắt, bàn ủi Chữ viết, thư Phút

Sự đau dớn Thuốc men Một phần tư Sự trở Muối, thủy thủ Quang cảnh Airs Colours Coppers Customs Effects Forces Goods Irons Letters Minutes Pains Physics Quarters Returns Salts Spectacles

Vẻ kênh kiệu Những màu, cờ Tiền đồng

Phong tục, thuế Hậu quả, cải Quân lực Hàng hóa Xiềng xích Văn chương Biên Sự lo âu Mơn vật lý Nơi ở, tư dinh Lời chúc sinh nhật Thuốc xổ

Kiếng mắt

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Spirit Water Wit Stair

Tinh thần Nước

Sự khôn khéo Bực

Spirits Waters Wits stairs

Rượu mạnh Song ngòi, ao hồ Giác quan Cầu thang

 Cách đọc số nhiều

Từ tận là Thường phát âm là Thêm –S/ES đọc là Ví dụ

-p, -pe / p /

/ s /

Stops, hopes, develops, copes

-t, -te / t / Bats ,hats, hates, writes

-k, -ke / k / Books, looks, breaks, makes

-gh, -ph / f / Laughs, photographs

-th, -the / θ / Lengths, bathes

-x, -s, -ce, -se / s /

/ iz /

Boxes, kisses, pieces, houses

-se / z / Uses (v), browses

-sh / ∫ / Washes, smashes

-ge / dz / Languages, bridges, ranges

-ch / ʧ / Watches, matches, catches

Trường hợp lại / z / Pens, tables, disappears

Exercise 1: Form the plural form of these singular nouns:

Singular Plural Pronounce Singular Plural Pronounce

town lunch

house University

key Wife

company Sheep

street Box

Six kilometer walk Half

day Woman

dish Goose

month Child

address Boy

tomato Brother-in=law

flower Woman-doctor

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Exercise 2: Give the singular of the following:

Plural Singular Plural Singular

Heroes Flier

Leaves Brushes

Deer Menservants

Table-clothes Oxen

Bookshop Kisses

Women-teachers cargoes

Exercise 3: Choose the correct verb The news (is/ are) on the radio Some people (is/ are) coming today Nam’s trousers (are/ is) torn

4 The furniture in your room (is/ are) rather old-fashioned

5 The rich often (looks down/ look down) the poor Mathmatics (is/ are) a hard subject

7 The man (was/ were) the thief

8 Some one (has/ have) eaten all my food Exercise 4: Correct the following sentences.

1 He sells all kind of good

2 He gave the beggar some copper He is a man of letter

4 There are many peoples in the street Her hairs are very long

6 Do you have may works to

7 He drank some cold waters

8 The information you gave me yesterday weren’t correct

9 Despite his old age, he can walk over foots a day 10 The data has already been analyzed for the report

tomorrow II- Tính từ:

1) Vị trí tính từ: 1.1 Trước danh từ:

Ex: She is a beautiful girl 1.2 Sau danh từ:

a) Chỉ đo lường, tuổi tác: Ex: This table is two meters long He’s twenty years old b) Tính từ có tiếp đầu ngữ “a”:

asleep (đang ngủ), ablaze (bùng cháy), alight (bừng sáng), awake (thức), alive (còn sống), alike (giống nhau), afloat (nổi), …

Ex: I saw my son asleep on the floor c) Tính từ bổ ngữ cho túc từ:

Ex: We should keep our room clean 1.3 Sau Linking verbs:

be, become, feel, look, taste, sound, smell, seem, get, turn, appear

Ex: It becomeshot today 1.4 Sau đại từ bất định:

something, someone/body, anything, anyone/body, everything, everyone/body, nothing, no one, nobody

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Ex: Do you have anythingimportant to tell me? 1.5 Sau trạng từ:

Ex: Your story is veryinteresting

2) Trật tự tính từ trước danh từ:

M ạo từ Tính từ sở hữu Tính từ bất định Tính từ chỉ thứ tự Tính từ chỉ số đếm

Tính từ ý kiến sự that Kích thước Tuổi Hình dạng Màu sắc Quốc tịch/nơ i chốn Chất liệu (a/ an/ the ) a/ an/ the Some, any, severa l, many First, second, third, forth One, two, three Beautiful, ugly, pretty Tall, short, large, small … You ng, old Thin, round, square Red, yello w,whi te China, English Leath er, plastic , wood

Ex: A beautiful tall young thin Vietnamese girl is standing over there

3) Tính từ dùng danh từ: THE + ADJ -> NOUN ( số nhiều)

the poor, the rich, the blind, the deaf, the old, the handicapped, the sick, the strong, the weak, the hungry, the disadvantaged, the unemployed, the disabled, the living, the dead, the young, the middle-aged

Ex: The rich should help the poor

4) Phân từ dùng tính từ:

–ING –ED –ING –ED

amazing amazed exciting excited

amusing amused frightening frightened

boring bored interesting interested

confusing confused pleasing pleased

depressing depressed relaxing relaxed

deserving deserved satisfying satisfied

disappointing disappointed shocking shocked

distinguishing distinguished surprising surprised

encouraging encouraged tiring tired

4.1 Hình thức phân từ (-ING):

Diễn tả nhận thức người nói người/việc Ex: That film is interesting (Bộ phim hay.)

(Người xem nhận thấy phim hay.)

He is boring He always talks about the same things

(Hắn ta chán thật Hắn bàn thứ giống nhau.) (Người nghe nhận thấy ta chán.)

4.2 Hình thức khứ phân từ (-ED):

Diễn tả cảm giác người nói người/việc đem lại Ex: I am confused about the question (Tôi bị bối rối câu hỏi.) (Câu hỏi làm bối rối.)

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Exercise 1: Place the adjective between the brackets correctly

1 I see a poor man near my house ( asleep) Have you anything to give me (useful) My parents’ garden has many flowers ( beautiful)

4 He is a boy (lazy)

5 Mood is a material ( useful)

6 He holds in his hand a cup ( full of tea) He has never seen a lion (alive)

8 There is nothing in that film ( sensational)

Exercise 2: Put these sentences in the correct order

1 ( her/ old/ evening/ blue/ dress) is beautiful

2 The library has ( English/ several / easy/ very/ books) ( six/ lesson/ first/ easy/ our/ reading) are in this book I like ( two/ silk/ those/ dresses/ blue)

5 He is ( young/ a/ student/ Vietnamese)

6 (black/ dress/ pretty/ her/ wool) is st the cleaner’s The church has ( picture/ very/ old/ some/ French)

III- Trạng từ:

1) Phân loại trạng từ:

1.1 Trạng từ thể cách:

- Cho ta biết hành động thực để trả lời cho câu hỏi HOW? - Cách thành lập: ADJ + LY (một cách …)

angrily giận giữ anxiously lo lắng badly dở, tệ

beautifully (hát/múa) hay brightly tươi sáng carefully cẩn thận cleverly khéo léo, khôn colorfully sặc sỡ

continuously liên tiếp easily dễ dàng fluently trôi chảy happily hạnh phúc heavily nặng nề loudly ầm ỉ, inh ỏi nervously hồi hộp

peacefully hồ bình politely lịch sự, lễ phép quickly nhanh nhẹn quietly yên tĩnh rapidly nhanh chóng safely an tồn sensibly hợp lý seriously nghiêm túc silently im lặng skillfully khéo tay slowly chậm chạp specially đặc biệt stupidly ngu ngốc successfully thành công warmly ấm áp

* LƯU Ý:

- fast (nhanh), early (sớm), late (trễ), hard (chăm chỉ), high, low, near, far, much, little vừa tính từ vừa trạng từ

Tính từ Trạng từ

Jack is a very fast runner Jack can run very fast

Ann is hard worker Ann works hard (hardly)

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The train was late I got up late this morning

A high mountain The bird flew high

- Phân biệt:

late (trễ) lately (gần đây) (= recently)

You come home late today He hasn’t been to the cinema lately (Hôm trễ.) (Gần không xem phim.)

hard (chăm chỉ) hardly (hầu không)

I’ve worked very hard She’s hardly got any money left (Tôi làm việc chăm.) (Cơ khơng cịn tiền.) - Một số tính từ tận –LY:

friendly (thân thiện), lovely (dễ thương), lively (sống động), ugly (xấu xí), silly (ngớ ngẩn) Những từ trạng từ, nên ta dùng “in a……way/manner” thay cho trạng từ

Ex: She spoke to me in a friendly way/manner (Cô ta nói chuyện với tơi cách thân thiện.) 1.2 Trạng từ thời gian:

Cho biết việc xảy lúc để trả lời cho câu hỏi WHEN?

now, today, yesterday, tomorrow, last year, then, still, no longer, already,immediately, just, soon, finally, recently, lately, at once, months later/after, …

Ex: I’m leaving for Hanoi tomorrow 1.3 Trạng từ nơi chốn:

Cho biết việc xảy đâu để trả lời cho câu hỏi WHERE?

here, there, somewhere, outside, inside, upstairs, downstairs, everywhere,in Paris, at the supermarket, Ex: Tom is standing there

1.4 Trạng từ thường xuyên:

Cho biết hành động xảy thường xuyên để trả lời cho câu hỏi HOW OFTEN?

never, rarely, seldom, sometimes, usually, frequently, occasionally, often,always, once/twice a week, every day, daily, weekly, monthly, …

Ex: I often get up at in the morning

1.5 Trạng từ mức độ:

Cho biết hành động, tính chất việc diễn đến mức

very, too, so, quite, rather, extremely, absolutely, terribly, completely,really, pretty, fairly, entirely, hardly, scarcely, somewhat, enough,…

Ex: I come here quite often

2) Vị trí trạng từ:

2.1 Đầu câu:

Ex: Where are you going? 2.2 Giữa câu:

2.2.1 Trước động từ thường:

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Ex: They often play football after class

2.2.2 Sau động từ TO BE, trợ động từ động từ khiếm khuyết: Ex: Our teacher is still sick

She doesn’t often go with him He can seldom find time for reading 2.3 Cuối câu:

Ex: You sang that song well.

3) Trật tự trạng từ:

Trật tự trạng từ câu thường sau:

Nơi chốn - Mức đo ä- Thể cách- Thường xuyên- TGian He walked to the church very slowly twice last Sunday

* Chú ý:

Trật tự thay đổi tuỳ vào mục đích nhấn mạnh người nói/viết

4) Chức trạng từ:

Boå nghóa cho

1) Động từ They danced beautifully 2) Tính từ She is very lovely.

3) Trạng từ khác He studied extremely hard

4) Caû caâu Fortunately, he was not injured in that accident

Exercise 1: Choose the best answer

1 Grandfather is _ today, but he felt even yesterday

A good/ the best B well/ the best C well/ better D good/ better

2 David did _ on the first three tests of the term, but his performance on the final test was of all

A bab/ the worst B badly/ worse C badly/ the worst D bad/ worse William plays the guitar _ and the mandolin not

A well/ badly B good/ badly C well/ bad D good/ bad

4 He ran _ in the first race, but in the second race he did better

A bad/ much B bad/ many C badly/ much D badly/ many

Exercise 2: Write down the correct form of the word in brackets (adjective or adverb).

1 Tom is (slow) _ He works _

2 Sue is a (careful) girl She climbed up the ladder The dog is (angry) _ It barks

4 He acted (excellent) He's an actor

5 They learn English (easy) _ They think English is an _language Max is a (good) _singer He sings

7 It's (awful) cold today The cold wind is

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8 Dogs rely on their noses as they can smell (extreme / good) If that is true, why does dog food smell so (terrible) ?

9 The little boy looked (sad) _ I went over to comfort him and he looked at me 10 I tasted the soup (careful) but it tasted (wonderful)

Exercise 3: Choose the correct sentence

1A He did the good job B He did a well job

B He is a real peeson D He is a really person

2A The children are already for the picnic B The children are all ready for the picnic B She all ready cashed her pay check D The train had all ready left when we got to the station 3A The ginger ice cream taste good B He did well on yesterday’s exam

C He did good on yesterday’s exam D A & B are correct

4A He is surely of himself B He is sure confident of his ability

C He is sure of himself d A and B

5 A I feel bad about the delay B It doesn’t hurt vary bad

C He plays good D He feels badly about the delay

Exercise 4: Choose the underlined words or phrase that needs correcting.

1 Drilling oil from off- shore platforms can be costly and dangerously

2 Male bird of many species are more colours than the females, who usually look after the chicks and therefore need to be more inconspicuous

3 In 1891, Dr James Nailsmith invented the game of basketball as a means of keeping boys actively indoors during winter

4 By studying an animal in the wild, scientists can learn a lot about the anilam without changing their natural behaviour

5 Philadenphia grew steady during the Colonial period, and by the time of the American revolution, it was the second largest city in the British Empire

6 Big, red, and round, the balloons in the air like enormous oversized apples We enjoy watching him outsmart his powfully opponents

8 Some people think that stealing is not wrong if it is done for a well reason

9 Because Coyote hunts bad, he decides to team up with Eagle, who is an excellent hunter 10 I try to find some one intelligently to be my husband in the near future

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D.P: 10/4/2010 Period: 25,26,27,28 D.T: 13,14,16/4/2010

REPORTED SPEECH (LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP)

*Aim: By the end of the lesson, Ss wil revise reported speech and relevant exercises correctly. Để biến đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cần:

1 Đổi chủ ngữ đại từ nhân xưng khác câu trực chủ ngữ thành phần thứ Lùi động từ mệnh đề bậc so với lúc ban đầu

3 Biến đổi đại từ, phó từ thời gian địa điểm theo bảng qui định Bảng đổi động từ

Direct speech Indirect speech

Simple present ( Hiện đơn) Present progressive (H.tại tiếp diễn) Present perfect (Progressive)

Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) Will/Shall

Can/May

Simple past (Quá khứ đơn)

Past progressive(Quá khứ tiếp diễn)

Past perfect(Progressive) (quá khứ hoàn thành) Past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành)

Would/ Should Could/ Might Bảng đổi đại từ thị, phó từ địa điểm thời gian Today

Yesterday

The day before yesterday Tomorrow

The day after tomorrow

Next + Time ( week, month, year….) Last + Time ( week, month, year….) Time + ago

This, these Right now Here, Overhere

That day The day before Two days before

The next/ the following day In two days

The following + Time ( week, month, year….) The previous + Time ( week, month, year….) Time + before

That, those At once

There, Overthere Ví dụ :

- He said : “ I have lost my pen this morning.”

 He said that he had lost his pen that morning

- She said to him: “I will go with you tomorrow.”

 She told him that she would go with him the next day

- He said : “ I’ll come here to take this book.”

 He said that he would come there to take that book

- They said to us : “You must this work right now.”

 They told us that we had to that work at once

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Lưu ý : Trong câu tường thuật, cần ý câu hỏi làm tân ngữ cho động từ tường thuật:

V (tường thuật) + wh- / how… + S + V

if / whether (câu hỏi Y/N) Ví dụ : “What are you doing?” asked my father

= My father asked me what I was doing “Have you seen that film?” John asked = John wanted to know if I had seen that film He asked them “How many children you have?” = He asked them how many children they had

Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as indirect speech, using the verbs given in brackets.

1 "You’ll have to send the documents to the embassy, Mr.Brown." said the travel agent (told) ……… ……… "I’m taking the 5.30 train tomorrow evening." She said (said)

……… "The engineer was called three times last week," she said to them (told)

……… "Are you coming to the party tonight, Mary?” he said (asked)

……… "I got my degree four years ago." Ben said to Lisa (told)

……….……… "Why didn’t you go to school yesterday, Tom? the teacher said (asked)

……… Sue said "If I were you, I’d go by train." (advised)

……… "Would you like to have a cup of coffee with me?" Tom said to me (invited)

……… "What kind of experience you have?" the manager said to Claire (asked)

……… 10 "Sue, can you remember to buy some bread?" said Paul (reminded)

……….……… Exercise 2: Change the sentences into reported Speech.

1."It isn't so foggy today as it was yesterday", said the teacher

……….……… Johnny said to his mother, "l don't know how to this exercise."

……….……… "Don't come back before one o'clock", advised my brother

……….……… "Be modest if you are a good pupil", said my father.

……….……… "We are waiting for the school bus at this moment " said the children

……….……… "Whose bicycle did you borrow last weekend ?" his mother asked him

……….……… Paul said, "I must go home now."

……….………

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8 My friend said, "Are you going to leave tomorrow?"

……….……… "Have you done your homework?" said our mother

……….……… 10 I asked Mary, "What time did you go to bed last night?"

……….……… Exercise3: Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best completes each sentence

1 Jack asked me _

A.where you come from? B.where I came from

C.where I came from D.where did I come from?

2 She asked me _ I liked pop music

A.when B.what C.if D.x

3 The doctor him to take more exercise

A.told B.tell C have told D are telling

4 I wanted to know _ return home

A.when would she B when will she C when she will D when she would Claire told me that her father a race horse

A.owns B.owned C owning D A and B

6 What did that man say ?

A at you B for you C to you D you

7 I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it _ raining there

A is B were C has been D was

8 The builders have that everything will be ready on time

A promised B promise C promises D promising

9 The doctor _ him to take more exercise

A told B tell C have told D are telling

10 The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed She explained she’d been on holiday the week

A ago B following C next D previous

11 Yesterday, Laura him to put some shelves up

A asked B is asking C ask D was asked

12 Tom has this story wasn’t completely true

A admitting that B was admitted that C admitted that D admit that 13 When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy that day

A that B the C then D this

14 I wonder _ the tickets are on sale yet

A what B when C where D whether

15 Mathew _ Emma that her train was about to leave

A has reminded B has reminded that C reminded D reminded that 16 Hello, Jim I didn’t expect to see you today Sophie said you _ ill

A are B were C was D should be

17 Ann and left

A said goodbye to me B says goodbye to me C tell me goodbye D told me goodbye 18 I told you to switch off the computer, didn’t I ?

A don’t B not C not to D to not

19 Bill was slow, so I hurry up

A tell him B told him for C told to D told him to 20 Sarah was driving to fast, so I to slow down

A asked her B asked C ask D have asked her 21 Someone me there’s been an accident on the motorway

A asked B said C spoke D told

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22 Sue was very pessimistic about the situation I advised her _

A no worry B not worry C no to worry D not to worry

23 I couldn’t move the piano alone, so I asked Tom _

A giving a hand B gave a hand C to give a hand D give a hand 24 Tom said that New York _ more lively than London

A is B be C was D were

25 When he was at Oliver’s plat yesterday, Martin asked if he use the phone

A can B could C may D must

26 George couldn’t help me He me to ask Kate

A tell B said C told D say

27 Judy going for a walk, but no one else wanted to

A.admitted B offered C promised D suggested

28 I said that I had met her

A yesterday B the previous day C the day D the before day 29 The man asked the boys

A why did they fight B why they were fighting

C why they fight D.why were they fighting

30 “ the door”, he said

A please open B open pleased C please to open D please, opening 31 I wanted to know return home

A when would she B when will she C when she will D when she would 32 The woman wonders _ doing well at school

A whether her children are B if her children were C whether her children were D her children are if 33 Peter said he was leaving for Paris

A next week B the week previous C following week D the following week 34 “I don’t usually drink milk when ” Mrs Pike said

A she was hungry B I was hungry C I am hungry D I will be

35 They said that their house had been broken into

A the two days before B two days ago C two days before D since two days 36 She advised me _ an apple everyday to stay healthy

A eating B I should eat C to eat D please, eat

37 “I’ll come with you as soon as _” she replied

A I was ready B I am ready C I ready D am I ready 38 “ _ today as it was yesterday.” She remarked

A it wasn’t so foggy B it isn’t so foggy

C it hadn’t been so foggy D it isn’t such foggy 39 “I wish _ eat vegetables”, he said

A my children will B my children would

C whether my children would D my children must

40 “I _ late again”, she promised

A I am not B I won’t be C I wouldn’t D I was not late

41 “How long _ here ?”, asked Jane

A you have been B you had been C had you been D have you been 42 She wanted to know

A what was happening B was happening

C it was happening D was happening what

43 “Do you know ?” asked the man

A where is the ticket office B where the ticket office is

C the ticket office is D where was the ticket office

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D.P: 18/4/2010 Period: 29,30,31,32 D.T:

REPORTED SPEECH (cont')

(LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP)

*Aim : By the end of this review, Ss will be able to report other people’s ideas with some special structures I.REVIEW STRUCTURE (Form – Groups)

- Gets Ss to recall the structures below and their meanings in groups 1.SPECIAL CASES

+ SHALL I + V(-to) ? diễn tả tình nguyện đổi thành : S + OFFERED + TO-Inf

Eg: He said, “Shall I bring you some tea?” He offered to bring me some tea

+ SHALL WE + V(-to) ? LET’S + V(-to) diễn tả lời đề nghị đổi thành : S + SUGGESTED + V-ing

Eg: He said to me, “Shall we meet at the theatre ?” He suggested meeting at the theatre

He said, “Let’s leave the case at the station” He suggested leaving the case at the station + WILL / WOULD YOU + V(-to) ?

WILL / WOULD YOU PLEASE + V(-to) ? CAN / COULD YOU + V(-to) ?

WOULD YOU LIKE + TO-Infi ?

I’D LIKE YOU + TO-Infi: diễn tả lời đề nghị đổi thành :

S + ASKED + O + TO-Infi

Eg: He said to me, “Will you help me, please ?” He asked me to help him

She said to him, “Will you please be here at nine o’clock ?” She asked him to be there at nine o’clock

+ LET’S NOT + V(-to) diễn tả phản đối đổi thành :

S + OBJECTED + V-ing

Eg: Ann said, “Let’s not sell this house.” Ann objected selling that house

+ S + APOLOGIZED TO + O + FOR + V-ing diễn tả xin lỗi

Eg: “I’m sorry, Angela”, said Martin, “I’m afraid I’ve damaged your car.” Martin apologized to Angela for having damaged her car

+ S + ACCUSED + O + OF + V-ing diễn tả lời buộc tội Eg: John said to Bill, “It’s you who took my book.”

John accused Bill of taking his book

+ S + ADVISED + O + (NOT) TO-Infi diễn tả lời khuyên Eg: Mr Jones said, “You should stay at home, Ann”

Mr Jones advised Ann to stay at home Conditional sentence:

(48)

- Câu điều kiện loại chuyển từ lời nói gián tiếp chuyển chuyển câu trần thuật Eg: Mary said:" I'll give you a new hat on your birthday if I have money"

→ Mary said that she would give me a new hat on my birthday if she had money

- Câu điều kiện loại chuyên sang lời nói gián tiếp giữ ngun động từ, chuyển S, Pron, Adv theo quy tắc chung

Eg: He told me: " I would go by train if I were you" → He told me that he would go by train if he were me

My friends said:" We would have taken many photos if we had been in England last year"

→ My friends said that they would have taken many photos if they had been in England the previous year II.PRACTICE:

Exercise 1: Rewrite each of the following sentences with the same meaning as the original sentence “You should take science appreciation courses at school”

- The lady-researcher advised us …

2 “Let’s learn the lesson carefully”, Mary said - Mary told …

3 “Let’s go shopping”, she said - She suggested …

4 “You’d better put your money in the bank, John” - I advised John …

5 “I would you to help me to put the chairs away” - He asked me …

6 “I’m sorry I didn’t ring to stay I’d be late” - He apologized …

7 “I’m extremely sorry I couldn’t come to the meeting.” - I must apologize …

8 “Why don’t you put your luggage under your seat ?”, he asked - He suggested me …

9 “If I were you”, he said, “I’d go and speak to your bank manage.” - He advised her …

10 “I wouldn’t go swimming on the day like this if I were you, Tom” - Brian advised …

2 “You stole the money, Joe, didn’t you ?”, said the inspector - The inspector accused …

3 “I’m awful sorry, Carol, but I’ve broken your watch.” - Jim apologized …

4 “Sue, can you remember to buy some bread ?” - Paul reminded …

5 “I’m sorry I didn’t phone you earlier.” - Jill apologized …

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6 “I really think you should see a doctor, Chris.” - William advised …

7 “No, I’m sorry, I won’t work on Saturday.” - Catherine refused …

8 “Let’s organize a sponsored cycle race.” - The children suggested …

9 “You’d better not lend them anymore money, Tom.” - John advised …

10 He said, “Shall I open the window ?” - He offered …

11 “Would you like to go the cinema with me ?”, said Peter to Jane - Peter invited …

Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer among A, B, C, or D The teacher advised us ……

A to be careful when doing these exercises B be careful when doing these exercises C careful when doing these exercises D are careful when doing these exercises She told me ……

A shut the door but don’t lock it B shut the door but not lock it C to shut the door but not lock it D to shut the door but not to lock it He told me ……

A think well before I answered B think well before I answer

C to think well before I answered D to think well before I will answer “Don’t play video games all the time !”, he said

A He told the boy not to play video games all the time B He said to the boy not play video games all the time C He told to the boy not to play video games all the time D He said the boy not play video games all the time He said, “I bought these books last week”

A He said he bought these books last week B He said he had bought these books last week C He said he had bought these books the week before D He said he bought those books the week before “Did they tell you when they left”, she said to me

A She asked me if they told me when they left B She asked me if they told me when they had left C She asked me if they had told me when they left D She asked me if they had told me when they had left “Be careful ! The water is hot”, she shouted

A She said to be careful because the water is hot

B She asked me to be careful because the water was hot C She told me to be careful because the water is hot D She shouted be careful because the water was hot

(50)

The teacher ordered not to make so much noise

A The teacher said us, “Not make so much noise” B The teacher told us, “Didn’t make so much noise” C The teacher ordered us, “Not to make so much noise” D The teacher said to us, “Don’t make so much noise” She asked me if it would rain that night

A She asked, “Would it rain that night ?” B She said, “It would rain that night” C She asked, “Will it rain tonight ?” D She said to me, “It will rain tonight”

10 He asked me where I was going on my vacation that year

A He asked me, “Where I was going on my vacation that year ?” B He asked me, “Where was I going on my vacation that year ?” C He asked me, “Where you are going on your vacation that year ?” D He asked me, “Where are you going on your vacation this year ?” 11 My father asked me _ of the film

A what you think B what I think C what did you think D what I thought 12 “ Why hasn’t Minh phoned? ” she wondered

A she wondered why Minh hasn’t phoned B she wondered why Minh didn’t phone C she wondered why Minh hadn’t phoned D she wondered why hadn’t Minh phoned 13 “Could you tell me how to get to the airport?”

A he asked me how to get to the airport B he said if I could tell him the airport C he told me how to get to the airport D he asked me to tell how to get to the airport 14 “Have you heard of her marriage?”

A she asked me if I hear of their marriage

B she asked me whether I had heard of their marriage C she asked me if I had heard of their marriage D B and C

15 Cindy said that “I haven’t seen John since last month.” A Cindy said she hasn’t seen John since the previous month B Cindy said she hadn’t seen John since the previous month C Cindy said she wasn’t seen John since the previous month D Cindy said she doesn’t see John since the previous month 16 The little boy said “two and two make four.”

A.The little boy said that two and two made four B.The little boy said that two and two have made four C.The little boy said that two and two had made four D.The little boy said that two and two make four

17 “If I were you, I would go to the doctor ”Minh said to Lan A Minh told Lan to become a doctor

B Minh advised Lan to go to the doctor

C Minh told Lan that he would to go to the doctor D.Minh advised Lan not to go to the doctor

(51)

18 His wife said to him: “write to me as often as you can” A His wife told him to write to her as often as he can B His wife told him to write to her as often as he could C His wife told him writing to her as often as he could D His wife told him writing to her as often as he can

19 “What were you doing last night, Mr John?” asked the police A The police asked what were you doing last night, Mr John

B The police asked Mr John what he had been doing the night before C The police asked Mr John what he had been done the night before D The police asked Mr John what had he been done the night before 20 The teacher advised us

A to be careful when doing these exercises B be careful when doing these exercises C careful when doing these exercises D are careful when doing these exercises 21 She told me _

A think well before I answered B think well before I answer C to think well before I answered D think well before I will answer

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

Các động từ phải có V-ING theo sau Các động từ phải có TO-V1 theo sau Các động từ + O + To -infinitive

1 avoid (tránh ) + V-ING admit (thừ a nhận ) advise (khuyên nhủ ) appreciate (đánh giá ) complete ( hoàn thành ) consider ( xem xét ) delay ( trì hỗn ) deny ( từ chối ) discuss ( thảo luận ) 10 dislike ( khơng thích ) 11 enjoy ( thích )

12 finish ( hồn thành ) 13 keep ( tiếp tục ) 14 mention (đề cập ) 15 mind ( phiền , ngại ) 16 miss (nhớ , bỏ lỡ )

1 afford (đủ khả ) + TO – V1 agree (đồng ý )

3 appear ( xuất ) arrange ( xếp ) ask ( hỏi , yêu cầu ) beg ( nài nỉ , van xin ) care ( chăm sóc ) claim (đòi hỏi , yêu cầu ) consent ( lòng ) 10 decide ( định ) 11 demand ( yêu cầu ) 12 deserve ( xứng đấng ) 13 expect ( mong đợi ) 14 fail ( thất bại ) 15 hesitate (do dự ) 16 hope (hi vọng )

1 advise (khuyên ) + O + TO - V1 allow ( cho phép )

3 ask ( yêu cầu ) beg ( van xin ) cause ( gây ) challenge ( thách thức ) convince ( thuyết phục ) dare ( dám )

9 encourage ( khuyến khích ) 10 expect ( mong đợi ) 11 forbid ( cấm ) 12 force ( buộc ) 13 hire ( thuê )

14 instruct ( hướng dẫn ) 15 invite ( mời )

16 need ( cần )

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17 postpone ( trỉ hoãn ) 18 practice (luyện tập ) 19 quit (nghỉ , ) 20 recall ( nhắc nhở , nhớ ) 21 recollect ( nhớ ) 22 recommend (nhắc nhở ) 23 resent (bực tức ) 24 resist (kháng cự ) 25 risk ( rủi ro ) 26 suggest (đề nghị ) 27 tolerate (tha thứ ) 28 understand ( hiểu )

29 can’t help (ko thể tránh / nhịn )

30 can’t stand ( ko thể chịu đựng đc ) 31 can’t bear ( ko thể chịu đựng đc ) 32 It is no use / It is no good ( vơ ích ) 33 would you mind (có làm phiền ko) 34 to be used to ( quen với )

35 to be / get accustomed to (dần quen với )

36 to be busy ( bận rộn ) 37 to be worth ( xứng đáng ) 38 to look forward to (trông mong ) 39 to have difficulty / fun / trouble 40 to have a difficult time 41 TO GO + V-ING

Ex: We should avoid playing with him

17 learn ( học ) 18 manage (sắp xếp ) 19 mean (ý định ) 20 need ( cần ) 21 offer (đề nghị ) 22 plan ( lên kế hoạch ) 23 prepare ( chuẩn bị ) 24 pretend ( giả vờ ) 25 promise ( hứa ) 26 refuse ( từ chối ) 27 seem ( dường ) 28 struggle (đấu tranh ) 29 swear ( xin thề ) 30 threaten (đe doạ ) 31 volunteer ( tình nguyện ) 32 wait (đợi )

33 want ( muốn ) 34 wish ( mong )

Ex : We agree to start early

17 order ( lệnh ) 18 permit ( cho phép ) 19 persuade ( thuyết phục ) 20 remind ( nhắc nhở ) 21 require (đò hỏi ) 22 teach ( dạy ) 23 tell( bảo ) 24 urge ( thúc giục ) 25 want ( muốn ) 26 warn ( báo trước )

Ex: She allowed me to use her car

Note :

* Một số động từ tri giác theo sau động từ nguyên mẫu V-ING ( xảy )

See Watch look at listen to smell

Notice observe hear feel taste

* Các nhóm từ động từ theo sau động từ nguyên mẫu :

- nothing but ( khơng …nhưng ) - would rather ( thích ….hơn ) Ex : We would rather work than play - cannot but ( khơng cịn cách ) - Had better ( nên … ) Ex : You had better work - Let / help / make / have + S.O+ V- ( bare infinitive )

Ex : - My father let me drive his car - He helped me wash my car

- I made my brother carry my suitcase. - I got my brother to carry my suitcase - I had my brother carry my suitcase - I had my suitcase carried by my brother

(53)

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

- Phần lớn câu tiếng Anh có từ động từ trở lên có dạng V1 + (sb/sth) + to V - Một số câu tiếng Anh có từ động từ trở lên có dạng V1 + (sb/ sth) + V: make, let, help - Một số câu tiếng Anh có từ động từ trở lên có dạng

V1 + (sb/ sth) + V-ing V1 + (sb/sth) + V/ V_ing V1 + (sb/sth) + to V/ V_ing

V1 + sb/sth + to V V1 + V_ing

admit avoid appreciate complete consider delay deny discuss dislike enjoy finish keep mention mind miss postpone practice quit recall recollect resent resist risk suggest tolerate understand can’t help can’t stand can’t bear It is no use It is no good to be used to

to be / get accustomed to to be busy

to be worth

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to look forward to

to have difficulty / fun / trouble

to have a difficult time

TO GO + V-ING

To V or Not To V

The word "to" is often confusing in English It can be used as part of a modal expression, infinitive or as a preposition

Note the usage of "to" in the following sentences

To V

I used to live in Utah I am supposed to go I hope to see you

To V ing

I am used to living in Utah I am opposed to going I look forward to seeing you

Modal expressions are always followed by the base form of the verb ought to

have to have got to used to

be to be able to be supposed to be going to

Similar expressions are followed by infinitives (to + V) need to V

want to V hope to V

be allowed to V be inclined to V be reluctant to V

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happen to V mean to V tend to V care to V wish to V would like to V

be willing to V be happy to V be afraid to V be required to V be delighted to V be compelled to V

Many prepositional combinations using "to" are followed by gerunds look forward to V ing

resort to V ing submit to V ing confess to V ing give in to V ing admit to V ing with regards to V ing

be accustomed to V ing be addicted to V ing be opposed to V ing be limited to V ing be dedicated to V ing be committed to V ing be used to V ing

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