Khi đổi câu trực tiếp (stataments) sang gián tiếp, ta đổi BA yếu tố: ngôi, thì của động từ và trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chôn.. (xem phần lưu ý chung) EX1 He said to me, “I and you w[r]
(1)REPORTED SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH WITH INFINITIVES REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUND
(2)0 THAY ĐỔI THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ:
Direct speech Reported speech
1 Present simple: V1
2 Present cont.:am/is/are + Ving Persent pecfect: has/ have + V3/ed Past simple: V2/ed
5 Past cont.: was/ were + Ving Past perfect: had + V3/ed Future simple: will/shall + V0 8.can
9 may 10 must
Past simple: V2/ed
Past cont.: was/were + Ving Past perfect: had/V3/ed Past perfect: had + V3/ed Past cont.: was/ were + Ving Past perfect: had + V3/ed would / should +V0
could might had to
1 THAY ĐỔI TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN VÀ NƠI CHỐN:
Direct speech Reported speech
1 today/ tonight yesterday last week ago
5 now
6 tomorrow next week this
9 these 10 here
that day/ that night the day before the week before before
then
the following day the following week that
those there
EX: He said to me, “I and you will go with her father next week.”
He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following week 2 THAY ĐỔI NGÔI:
- Đổi thứ NHẤT phù hợp với CHỦ TỪ mệnh đề
- Đổi ngơi thứ HAI phù hợp với TÚC TỪ TRONG MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH - Ngơi thứ BA không đổi
Subject Object Possessive
Adjective
Possessive Pronoun
(3)I me my mine myself
You you your yours yourself
He him his his himself
She her her hers herself
It it its its itself
We us our ours ourselves
They them their theirs themselves
You you your yours yourslves
REPORTED SPEECH Reported speech statements
1 Đổi động từ giới thiệu sang: “said” “told”
2 Khi đổi câu trực tiếp (stataments) sang gián tiếp, ta đổi BA yếu tố: ngôi, của động từ trạng từ thời gian nơi chôn (xem phần lưu ý chung) EX1 He said to me, “I and you will go with her father next week.”
He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following week EX2 He said to me, “I and you will go with her father next week.”
He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following week EX3 He said to me , “I and you will go with her father next week.”
He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following week S + said (to + O) + that + S + V …
S + told + O + that + S + V … Reported speech yes / no questions
1 Đổi động từ giới thiệu sang “asked”
2 Thêm if whether vào trước câu gián tiếp Đổi câu hởi thành câu xác định
4 Thay đổi ba yếu tố: ngơi, động từ, trạng từ nơi chốn thời gian (xem phần lưu ý chung)
EX1 He said to me,”Will you go with her father next week?”
He asked me if / whether I would go with her father the following week EX2 He said to me, “Will you go with her father next week?”
He asked me if / whether I would go with her father the following week EX3 He said to me, “Will you go with her father next week?”
(4)S + said (to + O) + that + S + V …
S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V … Reported speech Wh questions
1 Đổi động từ giới thiệu sang: “asked”
2 Giữ nguyên từ hỏi: Who, What, When, Why, How, … Đổi câu hỏi thành câu xác định
4 Thay đổi ba yếu tố: ngơi, động từ, trạng từ nơi chốn thời gian (xem phần lưu ý chung)
EX1 He said to me,”Why did you go with her father last week?”
He asked me why I had gone with her father the week before EX2 He said to me, “Why did you go with her father last week?”
He asked me why I had gone with her father the week before EX3 He said to me, “Why did you go with her father last week?”
He asked me why I asked gone with her father the week before S + said (to + O) + that + S + V …
S + asked + O + wh- + S + V … Reported speech imperatives
1 Đổi động từ giới thiệu sang: “asked, told, ordered, advised …” - Nếu câu khẳng định thêm To vào trước động từ
- Nếu câu lệnh phủ định thêm NOT TO vào trước động từ
3 Thay đổi ba yếu tố: ngơi, động từ, trạng từ nơi chốn thời gian (xem phần lưu ý chung)
EX1 He said to me, “Give your toys to her, please!”
He asked me to give my toys to her
EX2 He said to me “ Don’t open this book now.”
He asked me not to open that book then
EX3 He said to me, “Give your toys to her, please!”
He asked me to give my toys to her
EX4 He said to me “ Don’t open this book now.”
He asked me not to open that book then
(5)a Shall/ would dung để diễn tả đề nghị, lời mời. EX1 “Shall I bring you some tea?” he asked
He offered to bring me some tea
EX2 “Shall we meet at the theater?” he asked
He suggested meeting at the theater
b Will/ would dung để diễn tả yêu cầu EX1 “Will you help me, please?
He asked me to help him
EX2 “Wil you lend me your dictionary?”
He aske me to lend him my dictionary
c Câu mệnh lệnh câu yêu cầu lời nói gián tiếp. EX1 Go away!
He told me to go away EX2 Listen to me, please
He asked me to listen to him
d Các hình thức hỗn hợp lời nói gián tiếp.
- Lịi nói gián tiếp bao gồm nhiều hình thức hỗn hợp: câu khẳng định, câu hỏi, câu mệnh lệnh, câu cảm thán
EX1 She said, “Can you play the piano?” and I said “no”
She asked me if could you play the piano and I said that I couldn’t REPORTED SPEECH WITH INFINITIVES
Lời nói có liên quan đến thành hành động (lời hứa, lời đồng ý, mệnh lệnh, lời đề nghị, lời yêu cầu, lời khuyên, lời gợi ý) thường thuật lại động từ
nguyên mẫu có to (infinitive) tân ngữ + động từ nguyên mẫu (object + to-infinitive)
EX1 He promised to write
EX2 I adivise you to think again before you decide Orders
“Verb …” Subject + told + object + to
(6)EX1 “Open the windows Turn on the lights”, my mother said
My mother told me to open the windows and turn on the lights EX2 He said, “Don’t wait for me”
He told me not to wait for him Requests
“Will you …?” Subject + asked + O + to
“Would you …?” requested not to + infinitive “Could you …?”
EX1 “Would you turn down the radio, please?”, she said
She asked me to turn down the radio Advise
“If I were you, I would …” Subject + advised + O + to
“You should …” not to + infinitive EX1 “You should stop smoking, Peter’, Ann said
Ann advised Peter to stop smoking
EX2 “If I were, I wouldn’t stay up late.”, she said
She advised me told not to stay up late
REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUND
Mệnh đề danh động từ dung thay cho mệnh đề that lời nói gián tiếp sau động từ giới thiệu: accuse of, advise, admit, apologise for, deny, ainsist on, mention, propose, recommend, report, suggest
EX1 “you took the money!”
He accused me of taking the money EX2 “I stole it”
He admitted stealing it V + O + pre + gerund
accuse (of), congratulate (on), forgive (for), prevent (from), suspect (of) thank (for), warn (against)
EX1 They accused me of telling lies
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