Syntactic and semantic features of ditransitive verbs in english and their vietnamese equivalents in a literature work

2018-2020 ENGLISH LANGUAGE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M.A THESIS SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC FEATRURES OF DITRANSITIVE VERBS IN ENGLISH AND THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS IN A LITERATURE WORK (Đặc điểm cú pháp ngữ nghĩa ngoại động từ kép tiếng Anh tương đương tiếng Việt tác phẩm văn học) DO VIET ĐINH DO VIET DINH Field: English Language Code: 8.22.02.01 Hanoi - 2020 i MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M.A THESIS SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC FEATRURES OF DITRANSITIVE VERBS IN ENGLISH AND THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS IN A LITERATURE WORK (Đặc điểm cú pháp ngữ nghĩa ngoại động từ kép tiếng Anh tương đương tiếng Việt tác phẩm văn học) DO VIET DINH Field: English Language Code: 8.22.02.01 Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Le Van Thanh Hanoi - 2020 ii CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY The undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF DITRANSITIVE VERBS IN ENGLISH AND THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS IN A LITERATURE WORK ĐẶC ĐIỂM CẤU TRÚC VÀ NGỮ NGHĨA CỦA NGOẠI ĐỘNG TỪ KÉP TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT TƯƠNG ỨNG TRONG TÁC PHẨM VĂN HỌC submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master in English Linguistics Except where the reference is indicated, no other person’s work has been used without acknowledgement in the text of the thesis Date submitted: November 26th, 2020 Đỗ Viết Định Approved by SUPERVISOR Lê Văn Thanh Date:…………………………… iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis could not have been completed without help and support from a number of people First, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Assoc Professor Le Van Thanh, Ph.D, my supervisor, who has given me great help with this paper preparation Without his experienced guidance, valuable suggestions and dutiful supervision, my research would be far from finished I would also like to acknowledge my debt of gratitude to Assoc Prof Dr Hoang Tuyet Minh and the staff members of Post-graduate Department and the lecturers at Faculty of Foreign Languages – Ha Noi Open University for their valuable lectures, which laid the foundation of this thesis, and for their knowledge as well as their sympathy I am also grateful to the Thanh Hoa students in group of English language courses K18M , who helped me overcome difficulties to complete my thesis Last but not least, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my beloved parents, my wife, my brothers, whose support and continual encouragement have been indispensable for the fulfillment of this challenging work This thesis cannot avoid limitation, so I wish to receive comments and opinions to make it better iv ABSTRACT The issue of ditransitive verbs in English and in Vietnamese is a very complex one and there are many different views of linguists The focus of this thesis is to study on syntactic and semantic features of ditransitive verbs and their Vietnamese equivalents in Vietnamese in a literature work An action research was carried out to answer the research questions: What are syntactic and semantic features of ditransitive verbs in English? What are the similarities and differences between ditransitive verbs in English and their Vietnamese equivalents in a literature work? And what implication is drawn for learning ditransitive verbs effectively? The differences between the meanings and uses of the different structures are not easy to analyze and describe clearly The study attempts to provide readers, particularly students of English, solutions to their problems when using ditransitive verbs and their complementation So, in the last chapter, the common errors and mistakes made by Vietnamese learners are highlighted Then the suggestions for each problem are presented with examples to help students understand and overcome their difficulties in using ditransitive verbs And the implications for teaching English grammar better are also given v SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS A C Cl Adverbial Complement Clause HN Inf Int Head noun Infinitive Interrogative N No Noun Nominal NP O Od Noun phrase Object Direct object Oi Re S V Indirect object VP Verb phrase Relative Subject Verb vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Certificate of originality Page number iii Acknowledgement Abstract List of abbreviations iv v vi Table of contents 1.1 Rationale vii 1 1.2 Aims and objectives 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Methodology and methods of the study 1.5 Scopes of the study 1.6 Significance of the study 1.7 Structure of the study 2.1 2.2 Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Previous studies 2.2 Theoretical background 4 2.3 2.2.1 Theory of syntax 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.2.2 Theory of semantics 2.2.3 Overview of English verbs 2.2.4 Classification of sentences in terms of sentence patterns, sentence elements and verb complementation 2.2.5 Objects 2.2.6 Overview of transitive verbs 2.3 Overview of Vietnamese verbs 2.3.1 Definition of a Vietnamese verb 10 2.3.2 Classification of a Vietnamese verb 2.4 Summary 16 18 19 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.7 2.8 Chapter 3: SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF DITRANSITIVE VERBS IN ENGLISH AND THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS IN A LITERATURE WORK 3.1 Ditransitive verbs – their syntactic features vii 12 12 16 16 19 3.1.1 Formation of ditransitive verbs 19 3.1.2 Position of objects 20 3.1.3 Possible realization of direct objects and indirect 20 objects 3.1.4 SVOO — SVOA transformation 3.2 Ditransitive verbs – their semantic features 21 21 3.2.1 Benificiary or target of action 3.2.2 Participants 3.2.3 Verbal lexical meaning 21 22 22 3.3 The ditransitive verbs in English and their Vietnamese equivalents 24 3.3.1 In terms of syntactic features 3.3.2 Ditransitive complementation in English and the equivalents in Vietnamese 3.3.2.1 Noun phrase as both Indirect Object and Direct Object 24 26 3.2.3.2 Idiomatic expressions consisting of verb + noun phrase + prepositional phrase 3.3.3 Realization of Ditransitive complementation in English 29 and their Vietnamese equivalents 3.3.3.1 Expressions of Indirect Object of Ditransitive verbs and their Vietnamese equivalents 3.3.3.2 Expressions of Direct Object of Ditransitive verbs and their Vietnamese equivalents 3.4 Detailed examples in a literature work 3.4.1 Examples in “A tale of two cities” written by Charles Dickens 3.4.2 Examples in “The call of the wild” written by Jack London 3.5 Errors and mistakes in using ditransitive verbs in English and their Vietnamese equivalents 3.5.1 Possible errors and mistakes 3.5.2 Possible mistakes in using prepositions 3.5.3 Possible mistakes in identifying sentence elements viii 26 31 31 32 35 35 41 51 52 54 55 3.5.4 Possible mistakes in identifying expression of direct 56 objects 3.5.5 Possible mistakes in identifying sentence types 57 3.6 Summary CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS REFERENCES 59 60 62 INDEX OF DITRANSITIVE VERBS 65 ix Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 RATIONALE English is generally acknowledged to be the world’s most important language It is an international language in our integrated world and today more than 80% of all the information in the world’s computers is in English So if we not know English, we will fail to keep pace with the progressive force of the world Many foreign guests and delegates who come to our country not know our mother tongue And English becomes the bridge language and device to connect with people Statistics show about 350 million people speak English as a first language and another 300 million use it as a second language From this we can say that we need to learn English to join the advanced Then we can say that English is a passport to our successful future In English grammar, the English Verb has always been the element that causes much more trouble to language learners than any other ones in the sentence because it provides the power of the sentence In fact, it is said that the verbs are very complicated but important Being aware of its importance will help Vietnamese learners overcome difficulties when learning and using English verbs In terms of their complementation, verbs are divided into intensive verbs and extensive verbs Extensive verbs consist of transitive and intransitive ones Transitive verbs include Monotransitive verbs, Ditransitive verbs and Complex transitive verbs Among them, Ditransitive verbs and complex transitive verbs often make Vietnamese learners confused Consider the following sentences: “He painted the house green” and “They are driving me crazy” Both “green” and “crazy” are adjective complements But the question here is whether both of them belong to SVOC or SVOA And how can you give explanation for your choice? Let us consider another case: “I couldn't get the old car going again.” and “He can’t stop the car going” Does “going” in the two sentences play the same semantic role? Therefore, it is important to help students to understand ditransitive verbs and its complementation clearly For all the above reasons, the topic of the paper is chosen with the hope that it will help us have detailed information of this kind of verbs in both languages and overcome difficulties when using It is also hopeful that the minor thesis will be of nameless, incomprehensible bị hút chặt pride of the trail and trace—that vào niềm tự hào vô pride which holds dogs in the danh thật khó hiểu toil to the last gasp, which lures them to die lao động vết đường mòn - joyfully in the harness, and niềm tự hào giữ breaks their hearts if they are cut out of the harness riết lũ chó công việc lao khổ nhọc nhằn thở hắt cuối cùng, cám dỗ chúng đến mức chúng sẵn sàng chết hân hoan vòng đai cương chúng đau buồn xé ruột bị dứt khỏi đai cương 3.5 ERRORS AND MISTAKES IN USING DITRANSITIVE VERBS IN ENGLISH AND THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS In the previous chapters, Ditransitive verbs and its complementation are examined A contrastive analysis between English and Vietnamese is clearly 51 presented This chapter is going to deal with the mistakes possibly faced by Vietnamese learners in the process of learning ditransitive verbs and its complementation Then students' common errors are predicted and analyzed, the suggestions and solutions to each problem will be presented to help students overcome their difficulties and somehow provide teachers the implication in teaching English Grammar and Translation better 3.5.1 POSSIBLE ERRORS AND MISTAKES Possible mistakes in placing Objects in sentences with Ditransitive complementation In most cases in English, we can place Indirect Object before Direct Object or vice versa For example: [97] He bought S a present for Jane V Oi Od (Alexander, L G 1998:8) or He bought Jane a present [98] Someone has given you a free ticket for a concert S V Oi Od Or Someone has given a free ticket for a concert to you S V Od Oi However, in some cases, the position of Objects in sentences with Ditransitive complementation can, in no ways, be changed Therefore, Vietnamese learners may make mistakes due to their habit of using language Firstly, when Direct object is expressed by a nominal clause both finite and non- finite except a nominal relative clause, it can not precede Indirect Object Let us consider some examples below: [99] Ann told me that I should take a holiday (Michael, V., 1994:93) [100] He asked me whether I was ready (Alexander, L G , 1998:293) [101] He asked me when I gave it to John (Alexander, L G., 1998:295) It is impossible to change [99],[100], and [101] respectively into: Ann told that I should take a holiday to me He asked whether I was ready to me 52 He asked when I gave it to John to me Secondly, in Vietnamese, it is possible to alter the position of Direct and Indirect Objects in most cases However, some English ditransitive verbs such as "to accuse somebody of doing something", "to convict somebody of doing something", "to pay attention to", "to take notice of", etc., are used in set expressions, therefore it will be incorrect if we change the position of Indirect Object and Direct Object Let us have a look at the following sentences: [102] They accused Helen of stealing the gold bullion Oi Od (Michael, V., 1994:121) Họ buộc tội Helen ăn cắp thỏi vàng S V C1 C2 Or Họ buộc tội ăn cắp thỏi vàng cho Helen S V C2 C1 In English, it is wrong way to say: They of stealing the gold bullion for Helen Similarly, we can find the same mistake if position of the two objects are altered [103] The court convicted him of murdering (Michael, V 1994:125) Tòa kết án tội giết người S V C1 C2 or Toàn án kết tội giết người S V C2 C1 but it is impossible to say: The court convicted murdering of him In order to avoid these possible mistakes, learners are suggested to learn by heart the following rule: When both Direct Object and Indirect Object are expressed by noun phrases, at that time we can change their positions to each other When Indirect Object is expressed by a phrase or a pronoun whereas Direct Object is expressed by a clause (except Nominal Relative Clause), we cannot change their positions 53 When the sentence is composed of the idiomatic status of the prepositional verb, it is impossible to change their positions to each other When the sentence is expressed by some fixed structures, we cannot change their positions As follow, you are being suggested some set expressions in order to use them correctly and effectively: Accuse somebody of something Blame somebody for something Convict somebody of something Blame something on somebody Remind somebody of something Concentrate something on something Suspect somebody of something Congratulate somebody on something 3.5.2 POSSBIBLE MISTAKES IN USING PREPOSITIONS As a matter of fact, using preposition always causes many troubles for Vietnamese learners Firstly, they often forget to add preposition before Indirect Object when changing their positions because of their knowledge For example: [104] He gave the girl a doll (Quirk, R & Greenbaum, S., 1990:353) When the position of these objects are altered, preposition "to" should be placed between them as in: He gave a doll to the girl So, it is incorrect to say: He gave a doll the girl Similarly, in[90] preposition "for" is dropped off when Direct Object precedes the Indirect Object: [105] He bought the girl a white hat (Quirk, R & Greenbaum, S., 1973:370) He bought a white hat the girl [incorrect] He bought a white hat for the girl [correct] Secondly, due to the negative interference of Vietnamese, learners may forget to add preposition before Direct Object when translating Consider the following sentences: [106] Tôi bảo 54 Beginners of English may use "I asked him go" as the equivalent for [] However, the correct sentence must be: I asked him to go [107] Nhân viên cảnh sát lệnh cho mở cốp xe The police officers obliged us open the boot of the car [incorrect] The police officers obliged us to open the boot of the car [correct] Thirdly, Vietnamese learners tend to think that the equivalent of preposition "cho" in Vietnamese is 'for" in English So, they possibly misuse it in some cases For example: In Vietnamese we have: [108] Chúng đặt cho phịng đơi có phịng tắm And learners can translate into: We booked for you a double room with bath [incorrect] However, the correct using is: We booked you a double room with bath We booked a double room with bath for you [109] Tôi trả cho John tiền [Quirk, R & green baum, S., 1973:371] I paid for John the money [incorrect] I paid John the money [correct] In order to avoid these possible mistakes, Vietnamese learners should remember to add preposition before Indirect Object when it follows Direct Object In addition, they need to take notice of the use of some verbs that are always followed by other To-infinitive verbs such as "to ask, to tell, to want," etc 3.5.3 POSSIBLE MISTAKES IN IDENTIFYING SENTNCES ELEMENTS The Vietnamese learners may have difficulties in identifying sentence elements when both Direct Object and Indirect Object are noun phrase They think that the person who directly receives the benefits is Direct Object and the other functions as Indirect Object For example: [110] He bought his wife a gold watch [incorrect] S V Od Oi (Leech, G; Svartvik, J., 1984:303) => He bought his wife a gold watch [correct] S V Oi Od 55 [111] She gave all the children [incorrect] S V => She Od presents Oi gave all the children presents [correct] S V Oi Od In order to know whether it is Indirect Object or Direct Object, insert the preposition "to" or "for" before the noun or pronoun in the sentence And the sentence is still grammatically correct For example: [112] The dentist gave her a filling (http://community 2.webtv.net/solis-boo/Grammar1.html:7) The dentist gave (to) her a filling [113] Samantha bought Freddy a colorful tie (http://community 2.webtv.net/solis-boo/Grammar1.html:7) Samantha bought (for) Freddy a colorful tie We add preposition to realize Indirect Object because the simple Direct Object is always a noun, pronoun, or word acting as such A Direct Object will never be a part of a prepositional phrase, nor will it ever be an adverb And an Indirect Object is always a noun or pronoun in the predicate that precedes the Direct Object It tells "to whom" or "for whom" the action of the verb is done In constructions where the words "to" or "for" are physically present, be aware that the words following these words form a prepositional phrase, not an Indirect Object Recall that the Direct Object of a verb will never be a part of a prepositional phrase Therefore, the words "to" and "for" must always be elliptical (implied) if the noun or pronoun is to function as an Indirect Object 3.5.4 POSSIBLE MISTAKES IN IDENTIFYING EXPRESSION OF DIRECT OBJECTS In the sentence with Ditransitive complementation which are expressed by Nominal Relative Clause and Finite WH-interrogative clause, Vietnamese learners sometimes find it hard to distinguish them Let us consider the examples that follow: [114] He asked S V [115] He S told me V me Oi what caused the fire Od= Finite WH-Int.Cl [Quirk, R & Greenbaum, S., 1973:98] what caused the fire Oi Od= No.Re.Cl 56 [Quirk, R & Greenbaum, S., 1973:98] The two Direct Objects above are very similar, both of them begin with WH-word Therefore, Vietnamese learners often misunderstand them And they are confused with these two kinds of clause, as a result And one way to distinguish these two kinds of clauses is by paraphrasing The Nominal Relative Clause can normally be paraphrased by a noun phrase containing a post modifying relative clause So [100] can be perceived as: => He told me the reason that caused the fire HN Postmodifier= A re.Cl Another typical example also paraphrased as follow: [116] He gave whoever came to the door a winning smile (Quirk, R & Greenbaum,S., 1973:319) => He gave anyone who came to the door a winning smile HN Postmodifier= A re.Cl Whereas, it is impossible to paraphrase the Finite WH-interrogative clause into a noun phrase with a post-modifier but only into a nominal clause For example: He asked me what caused the fire => S He asked me what the reasons that caused the fire are V Oi Od = finite WH- int Cl 3.5.5 POSSIBLE MISTAKES IN IDENTIFYING SENTENCE TYPES In terms of complementation, there are five kinds of verbs Among them, Ditransitive verbs and complex transitive verbs cause the most difficulties Because it is difficult to recognize the clause elements standing after the verb For example: [117]They gave it to Sam [Alexander, L G 1998:7] [118]He took the rubbish to the tip [Hudduleston, R 1984:449] The same with the preposition "for": [119] Will you get some milk for Liz? [120] Will you iron this dress for Liz? (Hudduleston, R 1984:449) 57 The sentences look the same because they both have S + V + O + Prep + N Both "Sam" and "the tip" are prepositional complements – preposition "to" And "Liz" in the two following sentences are also prepositional complements- preposition "for" Therefore, Vietnamese learners often think both the above sentences belong to one type of sentence However, they are different They gave it to Sam S V Od Oi And He took the rubbish to the tip S V O A Will you get some milk for Liz? S V Od Oi And Will you iron this dress for Liz? S V O A(optional) Firstly, in order to know which type of sentence they belong, we can change them to passive voice If the element after preposition can become the subject of the passive sentence, the sentence structure is “SVOO” otherwise, it is not For example, the sentence “They gave it to Sam” can be changed into “Sam was given it by them” and it is “SVOO” However, it is impossible to change “He took the rubbish to the tip” into “the rubbish was taken by the rubbish”, because the tip is not the recipient in the sentence but it is an adverb of place, therefore, cannot become the subject of the sentence And the structure of the sentence is “SVOA” The same with the two examples following We can change the sentences: “Will you get some milk for Liz?” Into “Will Liz be got some milk?” [correct] So it is “SVOO” However, it cannot be changed the sentence: “Will you iron the dress for Liz?” Into “Will Liz be ironed this dress?” [incorrect] Because “Liz” in the second sentence is beneficiary of the whole action not recipient of the action So it is optional adverbial of the sentence 58 Secondly, we can realize sentence pattern by changing the position of the two elements standing after the verbs If the sentence is SVOO, we can change Otherwise, we can not For example: They gave it to Sam They gave Sam it [correct] He took the rubbish to the tip But it is wrong to say: He took the tip the rubbish [incorrect] Will you get some milk for Liz? Will you get Liz some milk? [correct] Will you iron the dress for Liz? It is wrong to say: Will you iron Liz this dress? [incorrect] 3.6 SUMMARY In this chapter, ditransitive verbs in English with references to the Vietnamese equivalents in a literature work are given In addition to this, comparison between ditransitive verbs in English and Vietnamese are presented As a result, implication for teaching and learning ditransitive verbs in English are pointed out with the aim to help learners of English can easily avoid the grammatical and lexical mistakes 59 CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This thesis focuses on ditransitive verbs in English with their Vietnamese equivalents in a literature work with the following key points: General background of English verbs, which consists of definition defined by different linguists, classification classified in terms of their functions, forms, meaning and especially complementation - Verb complementation including direct object and direct object described with definition and their position in the sentence Syntactic function of English ditransitive verbs is shown with examples and equivalents in Vietnamese - Ditransitive complementation realized in different structures and patterns is raised with analysis and examples in English and in Vietnamese Semantic features of ditransitive verbs is shown with examples and equivalents in Vietnamese Similarities and differences between verbs of the two languages are highlighted via analysis of structure and patterns in which ditransitive verbs are used, with the help of theory and concepts of English and Vietnamese linguists and grammarians - Clear examples in both languages and in a literature work “A tale of two cities” written by Charles Dickens are of great help to make contribution to the analysis of the similarities and differences Suggestions to each mistake and solutions to difficulties are presented to help students overcome their problems Students who are interested in this aspect may find this study useful because it provides them what they need to know about using this kind of verbs Teachers who are teaching English Grammar and Translation can choose this study as a good book of reference - Finally, the author would like to welcome comments and suggestions from professionals, teachers and those who are concerned since shortcomings are inevitable - Implications for teaching ditransitive verbs: Teaching Ditransitive verbs is not an easy job because the verb phrase’s structures and patterns are really complicated Furthermore, the sentence elements in English are called differently from those in Vietnamese so in 60 order to have a good way of teaching Ditransitive verbs: Teachers should not try to give students much theory about Ditransitive verbs because long lectures about these will make students feel bored and troublesome It is very difficult to distinguish the Ditransitive verbs and Complex transitive verb and sometimes there is the SVOO — SVOA transformation, so teachers should give students many examples and ask them to classify which one belongs to which sentence type Teachers should collect many kinds of exercise from Grammar books for students to practise Students are very interested in examples taken out from newspapers, magazines or stories so teachers should try to spend some time reading and collecting them to encourage students Teachers should be aware of the differences between the two languages and give emphasis when teaching so that the students can remember and avoid the mistakes from the beginning Teachers should draw out some common mistakes and errors, which often cause troubles to students and ask students to note down to remember -Suggestions for further research: Because of the limitation of time and references, I have not been able to touch upon the ditransitive verbs and their complementation being used in other styles such as journalistic and scientific style The author hopes to have an opportunity to continue doing research work in this aspect 61 REFERENCES ENGLISH Alexander, L G (197S), English Grammar structure, Longman Group Limited, London and New York Alexander, L G (1988), Longman English Grammar, Longman Group U.K Limited, London and New York Cobuild, C (1990), English Grammar, William Colins Son & Co Limited, New Delhi East Wood, J (1994), Oxfod Guide to English Grammar, Oxford University Press, Hong Kong Halliday, M.A.K (198S), An Intloduction to Functional Grammar, British Library Cataloguing in Publigan Data Quirk, R et al (1985), A Comprehensive Grammar of English Language, Longman Group Limited London, London Quirk, R et al (1972), A Grammar of Contemporaly English, Longman Group Limited London, London Quirk, R & Greenbaum, S (1990), A student’s Grammar of the English Language, Addison Wesley Longman Limited, London Quirk, R & Greenbaum, S (1973), A University Grammar English, Longman group Limited London, Harlow 10 Quirk, R & Greenbaum, S (1973), A University Grammar English, Workbook, Longman group Limited London, Harlow 11 Frank, M (1972), A Practical Reference Guide, English Cliffs, New Jersey 12 http://gommunity-2.webtv.net/solis-boo/Grammar1.html 13 https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia 14 https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/ 15 A tale of two cities by Charles Dicken 16 The call of the wild by Jack London VIETNAMESE Nguyễn Kim Thản (1977), Động từ Tiếng Việt, NXB khoa học Xã hội Nguyễn Kim Thản (1997), Nghiên cứu ngữ pháp Tiếng Việt, NXB Giáo dục, Hà Nội Nguyễn Minh Thuyết, Nguyễn Văn Hiệp, Thành phần câu Tiếng Việt, NXB Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội 62 Diệp Quang Ban (1989), Ngữ pháp Tiếng Việt phổ thông, NXB Đại học giáo dục chuyên nghiệp Hà Nội Diệp Quang Ban (1992), Ngữ pháp Tiếng Việt, tập 2, NXB Giáo dục, Hà Nội Diệp Quang Ban, Hoàng Vǎn Thung (1991), Ngữ pháp Tiếng Việt, tập 1, NXB Giáo dục, Hà Nội Nguyễn Tài Cẩn (2004), Ngữ pháp Tiếng Việt, NXB Đại học Quốc Gia Hà Nội Cao Xuân Hạo (1999), Tiếng Việt - Mấy vấn đề Ngữ âm - Ngữ pháp - Ngữ Nghĩa, NXB Giáo dục, Hà Nội Hoàng Trọng Phiến (1980), Ngữ pháp Tiếng Việt, NXB Đại học trung học chuyên nghiệp Hà Nội 10 Nguyễn Công Ái, Vũ Tuấn Phương (1983), Tiếng gọi nơi hoang dã (bản dịch), NXB Lao động Hà Nội 63 INDEX OF DITRANSITIVE VERBS Verbs follow direct objects and indirect objects Accord Afford Allocate Allow Appoint Ask Assign Assure Award Bake Bet Bring Build Call Catch Cause Charge Cook Cost Cut Deal Deliver Deny Design Do Draw Drop Earn Feed Find Fine Get Give Grant Guarantee Hand Hunt Keep Leave Lend Lose Mail Make Name Offer Owe Pass Permit Play Prescribe Profit Promise Purchase Quote Read Refuse Render Save Sell Send Serve Set Show Spare Supply Take Teach Tell Throw Win Wish Write Buy Order Prepositional phrase with FOR = indicates the beneficiary, person who benefits or enjoys the action Acquire Bake build buy compose cook design find get hire leave make order perform prescribe rent save sing write Prepositional phrase with TO = indicates that sb/sth is affected by the action Announce confess contribute convey declare deliver describe donate explain introduce mention narrate 64 prove refer report submit suggest transfer return say speak Some verbs never have TO or FOR with the indirect object Allow charge cost Tax tip wish fine save spare Idiomatic expressions consisting of verb + noun phrase + prepositional phrase Catch sight of Take advantage of Make allowance for Give place to Take account of Make fun of Give way to Set fire to Take care of Keep pace with Put a stop to Make decision on Lose sight of Pay attention to Seek vengeance on Lose touch with Make use of Keep an eye on Make room for Take note of Take notice of Make a fuss over/about Lend an ear to Put an end to 65 ...MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M .A THESIS SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC FEATRURES OF DITRANSITIVE VERBS IN ENGLISH AND THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS IN A LITERATURE WORK. .. What are syntactic and semantic features of ditransitive verbs in English? What are the similarities and differences between ditransitive verbs in English and their Vietnamese equivalents in a. .. 2.7 2.8 Chapter 3: SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF DITRANSITIVE VERBS IN ENGLISH AND THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS IN A LITERATURE WORK 3.1 Ditransitive verbs – their syntactic features vii