Bài soạn MODALS - meaning and uses

Unit 10 – ENDANGERED SPECIES Language focus MODAL AUXILIARIES (ĐỘNG TỪ KHIẾM KHUYẾT) I. FORM: * Câu phủ đònh dùng MODALS Trong câu phủ đònh, thêm not vào sau MODALS, trước động từ chính: EX 1: John will leave now. → John __________________now. EX 2: He can swim → He ____________________. Chú ý khi viết tắt: will not → won’t; must not → musn’t; would not → wouldn’t; could not → couldn’t; cannot → can’t. * Câu nghi vấn dùng MODALS TRƯỚC CHỦ TỪ: EX: John will leave now. → _________________ now? II.USES : General meanings MODAL VERBS MEANING USES EXAMPLE Present Past 1/ SUY ĐOÁN, May might - có lẽ - dùng để suy đoán (not sure) - It may rain tomorrow 1. Might might - có thể - dùng để suy đoán (not sure) - It might rain tomorrow Can be Could be - có lẽ là - dùng để suy đoán 1 sự việc - Cancer can be very dangerous 3. Must ≠ Can’t - chắc chắn ≠ chắc chắn không - chỉ một sự suy đoán chắc chắn vì có cơ sở. (sure) - chỉ một sự suy đoán chắc chắn không vì có cơ sở. - Mary must be at home. The light in her room is on. - he can’t be at home now. I have just seen him in the street. 2/ SỰ NGĂN CẤM Mustn’t -không được - chỉ sự ngăn cấm, không được phép làm.(luật lệ) - You musn’t ride a motorbike until you are 18 3/ SỰ BẮT BUỘC, NHIỆM VỤ Must Have to Had to Had to - phải - phải, cần phải - để chỉ bổn phận, một sự bắt buộc ở hiện tại hoặc trong tương lai. - được dùng để thay thế must ở thì tương lai (will have to) và quá khứ (had to) vì must không có các dạng khác để chia ở các thì này - You must go now. - They will have to come here tomorrow 4/ SỰ CẦN THIẾT Needn’t = -không cần - là một Modal được dùng chủ yếu trong câu phủ đònh (Needn’t) - You need not give me the answer right now. - You don’t have to use a Tài Liệu Dùng Kèm SGK 12 By Trần Hồng Đức 1 S + MODAL + V0 Would, can, will, must , . Unit 10 – ENDANGERED SPECIES Language focus don’t have to Need + To V0 ≠ don’t need to V0) Need + V- ing - cần / không cần - chỉ một sự việc không quan trọng cần phải làm - là một động từ thường, dùng với thể chủ động (người cần) - là một động từ thường, dùng với thể bò động (vật cần) dictionary. There is no new word. - You need to go now. -You don’t need to go. -Your hair needs cutting. 5/ KHẢ NĂNG Can could - có thể - để nói đến một khả năng - he can speak 5 languages. 6/ Sự khuyên bảo Should Had better (not) Ought to - nên - để nói đến 1 lời khuyên - you should study harder. - It’s too late. We’d better go now. 7/ Sự xin phép, cho phép You May… May I …? - có thể - Dùng để cho phép hoặc xin phép ai làm gì. - You may go now. - May I come in? Could I …? - tôi có thể - thường dùng với chủ từ I đề xin phép 1 người lớn hơn, tỏ ý tôn trọng - You: Could I borrow your bike? Can I …? - tôi có thể - thường dùng với chủ từ I đề xin phép 1 người ngang hàng - Can I borrow your pen? 8/ Lời Đề Nghò Could you - bạn có thể - Dùng để đề nghò 1 ngưới người lớn hơn làm gì. - Could you open the door, please? Can you Will you - bạn có thể - Dùng để đề nghò 1 ngưới người ngang hàng làm gì. - Can you buy me a paper? Shall we - Chúng ta hãy…. - Dùng để đề xuất 1 hoạt động vui chơi giải trí nào đó - Shall we go out for dinner? 9/ Sự mong muốn Would rather (not) - muốn / không muốn I would rather go to the cinema than stay at home. Would like / would prefer + To-V0 - muốn - sau Would like / would prefer ta dùng To-V0 I would like to go to the cinema . 10/ Sự việc ở tương lai Will Would - sẽ - Dùng trong các thì Tương Lai, Câu Điều Kiện, câu Ao Ước, … - If I were you, I would stay at home. •  NOTES: Khi ta đang ở hiện tại mà ta nói về những sự việc ở Quá Khứ, khi đó cách sử dụng của MODALS có dạng: Tài Liệu Dùng Kèm SGK 12 By Trần Hồng Đức 2 Unit 10 – ENDANGERED SPECIES Language focus 1/ SHOULD + HAVE + V3/ED (lẽ ra đã nên…) Hình thức này để chỉ một bổn phận, trách nhiệm được cho là lẽ ra đã xảy ra ở quá khứ, nhưng vì một lý do nào đó đã không xảy ra hoặc ngược lại. Maria shouldn’t have called John too late last night. (thực ra cô ấy có gọi ) 2/ MUST + HAVE + P.P: (chắc chắn là đã…) chỉ một sự suy luận hợp lý trong quá khứ. Jane did very well on the exam. She must have studied hard. • MODAL in the PASSIVE: MODALS ở dạng bị động. Example : 1. Humans must keep water, air, and land clean  Water, air, and land must be kept clean . 2. Governments must stop illegal trade of whales.  Illegal trade of whales must be stopped . EXERCISE 1. I can't find my book anywhere. I _______ have left it on the train. I am not sure. a. must b. needn't c. should d. might 2. You _______ lunch. We have already eaten. a. need preparing b. needn't have prepared c. should prepare d. should have prepared 3. Let's do something to protect the environment, _______ we? a. must b. need c. will d. shall 4. I will do everything. You _______ do anything unless you really want to. a. may b. needn't c. must d. ought to 5. You ___ forget to learn the lesson by heart. The new teacher is so strict. a. needn't b. mustn't c. mayn't d. mightn't 6. They _______ be away for the weekend, but I am not sure. a. might b. need c. must d. should 7. You _______ now if you wish. Tài Liệu Dùng Kèm SGK 12 By Trần Hồng Đức 3 S + MODAL + HAVE + V3/ED should, mus ,needn’t . S + modal + V 0 + O S + modal + Be + V3/ ed + By + O Unit 10 – ENDANGERED SPECIES Language focus a. must leave b. may leave c. need leaving d. mustn't leave 8. You _______ worry so much. I will help you. a. must b. mustn't c. might not d. needn't 9. If there is anything you _______. Let me know. a. must b. should c. need d. may 10. Family _______ spend more time talking, instead of just watching TV. a. must b. should c. might d. needn't 11. Please, keep silent. You _______ speak during the exam. a. may b. might not c. needn't d. mustn’t 12. You _______ drive at more than 70 miles per hour in the UK. a. mustn't b. needn't c. may not d. might not 13. You _______ take your umbrella along with you today. It _______ rain later on this afternoon. a. ought to / mustn't b. needn't / will c. will / must d. should / might 14. The room ________ once a day. a. should clean b. should be cleaning c. should be cleaned d. should have cleaned 15. The weather forecast says that ________ tomorrow. a. it will snow b. it will be snowed c. it needs snowing d. it must be snowed 16. The garden ________. It has just started raining. a. needn't water b. needn't be watered c. needn't be watering d. needn't have watered 17. People ___________ hunt and use whales for commercial purpose A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. don’t need to D. don’t have to 18. She ___ be ill. I have just seen her playing basket ball in the school yard. a. needn't b. shouldn't c. mustn't d. can't 19. Peter has been working for 10 hours. He _______ be very tired now. a. needn't b. must c. has to d. should 20. I _______ find my own way there. You _______ wait for me. a. should / can't b. have to / must c. can / needn't d. might / mustn't 21. Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table. He _______ it here last night. a. must have left b. should have left c. must be leaving d. needn't leave 22. I am not deaf. You _______ shout. a. must b. mustn't c. need d. needn’t 23. John failed again. He _______ harder. a. must have tried b. should have tried c. can tried d. may have tried 24. _______ I borrow your lighter for a minute? - Sure, no problem. Actually, you _______ keep it if you want to. a. May / can b. Must / might c. Will / should d. Might / needn’t 25. I do not mind at all. You _______ apologize. a. shouldn't b. needn't c. mustn't d. oughtn't to Tài Liệu Dùng Kèm SGK 12 By Trần Hồng Đức 4 Unit 10 – ENDANGERED SPECIES Language focus 26. It is a top secret. You _______ tell anyone about it. a. mustn't b. needn't c. mightn't d. won't 27. We have plenty of time for doing the work. We _______ be hurried. a. needn't b. shouldn't c. mustn't d. mayn't 28. Keep quiet. You _______ talk so loudly in here. Everybody is working. a. may b. must c. might d. mustn't 29. John is not at home. He _____ go somewhere with Daisy. I am not sure. a. might b. will c. must d. should 30. _______ I have a day off tomorrow? - Of course not. We have a lot of things to do. a. Must b. Will c. May d. Need 31. The computer _______ reprogramming. There is something wrong with the software. a. must b. need c. should d. may 32. Susan ___ hear the speaker because the crowd was cheering so loudly. a. mustn't b. couldn't c. can't d. needn't Đề Thi TN THPT 2009 Question 28: Endangered species ______ by the World Wildlife Fund. A. are protected B. would protect C. be protected D. will protect Question 34: If I had the map now, I a short-cut across the desert. A. could have taken B. take C. could take D. can take Question 39: The recycling of waste paper save a great amount of wood pulp. A. had better B. need C. can D. dare Question 46: She brought a lot of money with her so that she needed buy some duty-free goods. A B C D Đề Thi TN THPT 2010 Question 11: He has made so many mistakes in his essay that he _______ do it all again. A. needs B. ought C. used to D. has to Question 12: Unless we can find new sources of energy, our life will certainly_______. A. affected B. be affecting C. affect D. be affected Tài Liệu Dùng Kèm SGK 12 By Trần Hồng Đức 5 . SUY ĐOÁN, May might - có lẽ - dùng để suy đoán (not sure) - It may rain tomorrow 1. Might might - có thể - dùng để suy đoán (not sure) - It might rain tomorrow. no new word. - You need to go now. -You don’t need to go. -Your hair needs cutting. 5/ KHẢ NĂNG Can could - có thể - để nói đến một khả năng - he can speak