Do la mdt chu truong rit dung d i n , nhat la trong hoan canh hien nay d nudc ta va cd tac dung to Idn v l nhieu mat nhu: Phat trien san xuit trong nudc, nang cao san Idpng va chit [r]
(1)o6i M I QUAN vi_
l/U TIEN suf DUNG
HANG VIET NAM TRONG LINH vufc XAY Dl/NG
GS.TSKH N G U Y I N T H U C TUYEN
Vda qua Bd Chfnh trj Dang ta da chi thj v l cudc van
ddng: Ngudi Viet Nam uu tien dung hang Viet Nam Do la mdt chu truong rit dung d i n , nhat la hoan canh hien d nudc ta va cd tac dung to Idn v l nhieu mat nhu: Phat trien san xuit nudc, nang cao san Idpng va chit lUdng hang ndi, cd ldi cho ngudi tieu dijng va bdt ddtfc ngoai te di mua hang nddc ngoai, dd han ehl nhap sieu, giam bdt khd khan cho nIn kinh t l ciia n\Jdc Xa
Trong nam qua cudc van ddng da dat kit qua ban dau dang phin khdi Sang nam 2011, bao chi, dai phat va
truyin hlnh tilp tuc cd ddng viec diJng hang Viet Nam Thdc t l thdi gian qua Chung ta mdi tap trung vao mdt so hang tieu dCing nhd quIn ao, giay dep, dung cu gia dinh va mdt sd loai thdc pham va nhu yeu pham C i n trien khai md rdng cac mat hang thude t i t ca cae nganh kinh t l quIe dan, dd ed nganh xay dung nhu vat lieu xay dung va may mdc thilt bj Vat lieu xay dung ehilm khoang 50-70% kinh phf xay dung cdng trinh nen viec sd dung vat lieu xay dung san xuit d nudc se cd y nghTa rit Idn v l kinh t l Oe thuc hien tdt cudc van ddng nay, mpt mat cac nha nghien cdu va san xuat phai cho ddi nhilu chiing loai vat lieu tdt dap ung dddc cac yeu d u xay ddng, mat khac eac nha xay dung va nhan dan ta cin quan tam sd dung cac vat lieu ndi cho cdng trinh Hien chung ta da cd nhilu mat hang vat lieu xay dung vin cdn thilu nhieu san pham d n thiet Vat lieu xay dung ed rit nhilu loai, ed loai tu nhien nhu d i t da, cd nhilmg loai phai gia cdng ehl biln nhuxi mang, gach, ngdi, phu gia, kim loai
Vat lieu da chung ta cd nhilu va du cung d p eho eae cdng trinh, va cdn xuit khau Xi mang d nudc ta gid day cung da vdpt d u Tuy nhien chiing ta cdn thilu mdt so loai xi mang dae biet nhd xi mang aluminat, xi mang nd, khdng co Gach ngdi d i t set nung khdng thieu va cd loai rat t i t nhd gach gilng Day (Viglacera Ha Long) cd the dung de xay khdng d n trat Be tdng va cac vat lieu lam be tdng diu la san pham ndi dja Tuy nhien hien be tdng thddng diing cae phu gia khoang va phu gia hoa hpc de cai thien tfnh chit eiia be tdng theo hddng mong mudn Phu gia khoang thddng diing la san pham bdt mjn dddc san xuit td mdt sd loai d i t da ed hoat tfnh (phu gia khoang thien nhien) hoac p h i thai (tro bay, xl Id cao, sil-ieafume ) hoac dUde gia cdng ehl biln (tro triu, metacaolanh ) Phin Idn cac loai phu gia khoang d i u dddc san xuit nudc, nhien chung ta chda san xuit dUtfc silieafume la thai pham ciia cdng nghiep san xuit silic va ferosilic, nen phai mua eiia nude ngoai Trong thdi gian qua da cd nhilu ctf quan nghien cdu chi tao dutfc phu gia tro trIu cd chit lUdng cao cd the thay t h i silieafume nhilu trudng hop (san xuit be tdng cudng dp cao, chit lugng cao ) Dang tile l l nguyen lieu trIu d nudc ta cd rit nhilu va mdi chi dUtfc dijng mdt phin de lam chit ddt, chua cd ctf sd nao d i u tu san xuit tro
(2)l/u TIEN suf DUNG HANG VIET NAM
trIu tren quy md cdng nghiep de lam phu gia cho be tdng Mong ring thdi gian tdi tro trIu se duac san xuat d nddc ta va ngudi xay dung se uu tien sd dung san pham phu gia khoang cao cap cho be tdng cdng trinh thay cho san pham ngoai Phu gia hoa hpc dang dUde quan tam va sddung rdng rai be tdng va vda, bao gdm nhilu loai: phu gia tang deo (hoa deo va sieu deo), phu gia dilu chinh thdi gian ddng kit eua xi mang va be tdng, phu gia chlng thim, ehdng an mdn Trdde day da cd nhilu cd quan nghien curu va cac nha khoa hpe tam huylt da nghien curu dddc mdt sd phu gia hoa deo, sieu deo, phu gia ddng cirng nhanh td cac nguyen lieu nddc Cd mdt sd cd sd nghien ciru san xuit da dng dung cac kit qua nghien ciru dd va eho ddi mdt sd loai phu gia hoa hpc thi'ch hpp eho be tdng thdng thddng Trong dd cac hang phu gia nudc ngoai da vao nddc ta gidi thieu nhilu san pham phu gia hoa hpc, cd ea nhdng loai cao d p va chit lUdng hdn san pham ndi Mat khac cung td tddng thfeh hang ngoai, nen phu gia ndi khdng dddc quan tam sd dung, vl vay da thui chdt d i n Gid day ngddi ta quay san xuit phu gia td ban pham ciia nddc ngoai, nen khdng cdn la san pham ndi chfnh cdng nda Od cung la dilu dang tile va tinh trang chang bilt d i n bao gid mdi eai thien dddc Trong dd d Trung Qude hiu nhd hp da san xuit dddc t i t ca cac loai phu gia hoa hpe d n thilt cho be tdng de sddung nddc va xuit khau
Thep xay dung cung dUde diing vdi mdt khdi Iddng rit Idn de sd dung kit cau be tdng cdt thep va kit d u thep cho cac loai cdng trinh xay dung Hien d nddc ta da san xuit ddtfc nhilu loai thep: Thep trdn, thep hlnh (tlm) va ca thep khdng gl Sip tdi se cd them cac nha may thep Idn nddc ngoai diu td, thi san Idpng thep dii cung elp cho yeu d u d nudc, tham chf cd dd de xuit khau Ngddi xay ddng cd the Ida chpn cac loai san pham thep thfeh hpp de sddung cho cdng trinh ciia minh Ngoai chung ta da san xuit dddc nhilu loai vat lieu hoan thien, trang trf ndi thIt, ngddi xay dung cd the lira chpn va sd dung
Mdt mang san pham xay dung dddc dung nhilu la may mdc, dung cu va thilt bj, bao gdm thilt bj thf nghiem vat lieu va kit elu cdng trinh va cac thilt bj dijng thi cdng xay dung Thilt bj thi nghiem ddtfc trang bj cho cac phdng thf nghiem d cae vien nghien cdu, trudng dai hpc va cac phdng thf nghiem d cac du an cdng trirdng de phuc vu edng tac kiem tra chit lUtfng vat lieu va edng trinh; vl vay sd lupng thilt bj thf nghiem cin thilt la rit Idn Thilt bj thf nghiem cd rat nhilu loai td nhdng dung cu dtfn gian nhu cai bay cai chao de trdn vda, cac dung cu can dong cd dp chfnh xac cao va nhiing loai may nen vai tram tin Cho d i n cac nha may ctf khf d nudc ta da san xuit ddtfc nhilu dung cu nhu cac khudn due miu be tdng va vda, cac loai can ctf hpc va dien td, cac loai may nhd de thf nghiem xi mang, dit, da, bitum, tham chf ca may nen be tdng 200 t i n va cac thilt bi dung cu dd da ddtfc trang bj d mdt sd phdng thf nghiem xay dung Tuy vay cd loai miu ma cdn chua dUde dep hoac chua b i n nhu thilt bj ngoai Nha san xuit d n nang cao chit lupng htfn nda phai, bao hanh nghiem chinh va san xuit ca_phu tung de thay t h i d n thiet Tuy nhien thuc t l v i n vIp phai tam ly thfeh hang ngoai Cd phdng thf nghipm dUtfe nha nudc d p kinh phi kha Idn d i mua sIm thilt bj d i u dat mua toan bd hang ngoai ke ca nhQng dung cu don gian vdi ly mua nhu vay cho tien, cho ddng
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-bd Nhdng thuc te lai khdng ddng bd, vl thilt bj ngoai rit dit nen vdi kinh phf dddc d p ehl mua dddc vai may da hit tiln That dang tile! Nlu danh mdt phin kinh phf de mua cae dung cu va thilt bj ndi, thi vda re ma mua dUtfc nhilu loai vda dd t i n ngoai te va lai khuyin khi'ch, ddng vien tao dilu kien eho san xuit thilt bi ndi phat trien
v l thilt bj thi cdng d nddc ta da san xuit dddc tram trdn be tdng xi mang, tram trdn be tdng nhda, cac loai may trdn, may dim be tdng va nhieu cdng cu khac va da ddtfc sd dung tdt d mdt sd cd sd san xuit va cdng trddng Gia eac tram trdn khdng nhd, nen nlu diing hang ndi se dd chi tieu nhilu ngoai te de mua cae tram trdn ciia nudc ngoai, liic chung ta dang thilu ngoai te va phai nhap sieu kha nhilu
Viec du tien diing hang ndi phu thudc vao ca hai phfa Ngddi san xuat d n d i u td nghien cdu nhilu mat hang chit Iddng, dap umg yeu d u vdi gia ea hpp ly va ngddi sd dung cd y thdc Ida chpn va sd dung eae hang ndi thieh hpp de dam bao chit Idpng edng trinh xay ddng Lfu tien sd dung hang ndi la the hien tinh thin yeu nddc va phat huy tinh thin td luc tu cudng ciia dan tdc Mong ring viec du tien sd dung hang ndi ITnh vdC xay ddng se dddc phat ddng va trien khai manh me thdi gian tdi de gdp phin tfch cdc vao cudc van ddng chung cua d i t nddc.Q