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Nong thdn Viit Nam td bao ddi nay cd vf tri quan trgng hing dSu dot vdi sif trudng (on v i phit then cua din tde. ViecfMt triin vin hda dgc, hinh thinh thdi quen dqe, xiy dpng dinh hud[r]
(1)PHAT TRIEN VAN HOA DOC O NONG THON, MUC TIEU HANG DAU
TRONG CHyONG TRINH XAY D U N G NONG THON M O I ThS V5 Cong Nam
Khoa Thu vien - Thong tin, Dai hpc Vin hoa Tp HCM
Nong thdn Viit Nam td bao ddi cd vf tri quan trgng hing dSu dot vdi sif trudng (on v i phit then cua din tde ViecfMt triin vin hda dgc, hinh thinh thdi quen dqe, xiy dpng dinh hudng dgc lanh manh vi trang bi ky ning dgc cho ngupi din mi ehu trgng tip trung vio nhdm ngudi dgc li nhiJtig ngudi din viing ndng thdn Viit Nam dang dupe d xS hdi quan tSm Trong khudn khd bii viit cua minh, th^e si Vd Cdng Nam di niu Hn nhOhg suy nghi, tiintidvispdn thiit phai phit tiien vin hda dgc; vai trd eua tiiW viin vigc phat biin vin hda dgc, ddng thdi de xuit nhOhg giii phip phit triin vin hda dge hign nay d ndng thdn mien Nam Viet Nam, die biit ii viing Ddng bing sdng Cu\i Long diudng tiinh muc tiiu xay dytig ndng thdn mdi
Rural area has been always the key to the development and sun/ival of Vietnam The establishment, on'entation and dev^rjpm&it of riding culture for people living in rural areas attracts ^lecial attention of die sodety In this paper, the author discussed the potentials for developing reading culture and roles of libraries, and suggested some sc^ubons for the development of reading culture in rural areas in the Southern region, especially in the Mekong Delta, within the Program for the building of new rural commu-nity
D i t van de
Nong thdn Viet Nam t y bao dPi eo vi tri quan hing diu ddi vdi sy trydng tdn v i phat trien ciia din tpc Thdi ky Bic thupc, nong thon Viet Nam la tri chdng lai am muli ddng hda eiia phong kien phydng Bie, biin qui trinh 1000 nim "Han hda" trd thinh qui trinh "Viet hda" Thdi ky phong kiin, ndng thon trd thinh cai ndi nudi dudng v i truyen ba nhffng t y tudng tiin bp cua nhan dan, eiia ddng vin hpc tien bp, cua chii' Ndm, la ngudn bp sung thu' t^ch dan tpc sau moi cupc ehien tranh, l i ndi dao tao dpi ngu nhan tai dfch thye ciia qudc gia Trong hai cupc khing chiin chdng thye din Phip v i My, nong thdn trd thinh can cd dia cich mang, nuoi dudng v i dao tao nhutig chiin sT each mang kien cydng, bat khuat, ndi khdi xydng nhiing chiin djch dinh giie ngoai x i m Ndng Uion ngiy la nguon ludng thye nuoi song toin xa hdi, la ngudn
lye ed ban de eong nghiip hoa, hien dai hoa dat nude
Nong thon Viet Nam, t y bao ddi nay, cung l i ndi hiihg ehju mpi tai ydng ciia thien tai, djeh hoa va cydng quyen den noi edm khdng dii no, i o khong dii am, khdng du'dc hpc hinh Cupc song trien mien t i m tdi, doi ngheo, ed eye, l i khu vdc d tang thap nhat bac thang phit trien xa hpi
Tryde nghjch ly do, nhffng nim gin day, dydng loi chfnh sieh ciia Dang dang tap trung hudng ve ndng thon Chydng trinh xiy ddng ndng thdn mdi dang dude tfch eye phat dpng c i nydc nhy l i mpt nghTa vy thiing Hing den dn, dip nghTa ciia toan Dang, toin quin v i toan din vdi ning thon Viet Nam
Mdt nhiJTig npi dung quan tiring hang dau bp tieu chf xiy dyhg nong thdn mdi la
(2)lim cho vin hda thim nh|p v i tham siu vio mpi ITnh vye eiia ddi sdng nong t h i n , nang eao mye hydng thy vin hda ciia ngydi din nong thdn, hinh thinh cie cpng dong ndng thin vin hda Mpt cpng ddng vin hda tryde tiin v i tren h i t phii l i mdt edng ddng dpc Xiy dyng dydc m$t cOng dong dpe la ed sd d i hinh thinh m^t eing dong linh m^nh, tiin bd, m i t edng ddng dyi?e dam bio ve tudng lai
Trong ph?m vi bii viet, t i c gia chi xin d i cip hai npi dung: Sy can thiet phai phit trien vin hda dpe, vai trd ciia thu viin v i nhuhg giii phip phit triin vin h6a dpc hien d nflng thon Dong bing sing CiiU Long
1 s y c i n t h i i t p h i i p h i t tri&n v i n hda dpc v i vai t r d ciia thu" v i i n
De hoin thien bin than, xa h$i v i t h i gidi, ngudi tiin hinh nhieu ho^t dpng vin hda Hp^t dpng nh|n thye luon l i hoat dpng vin hda hing d i u Trong eie phydng thye nhan thye, dpe l i phudng thye eho phip tiep can vdi ngudn tri thye phong phii nhat, chat lydng nhat va de dang tiep can nhat Vi vay, dpc dy^c xem l i ho^t dpng vin hoa l i m cao ciia ngudi
Vin hda dpc chp phep moi ea nhan eo the lam giiu von kiin thye eiia minh, boi bd tri thong minh va ning lyc t y tJuy, phit trien tri tudng tydng va 6c sang tao; giup ren luyin kha ning dien dat bing Idi noi v i ehff \flet, giup tu dudng, ren luyin bin than Vi vay, mot ngudi e6 t h i dat ma khong nhat thiit phai qua trudng Idp, nhuhg mpt cpn ngydi khdng the thinh d^t neu khdng dpc
Dpi vdi cpng dong, vin hda dpe ed kha ning tao dyhg mpt mdi tnrdng xa hpi lanh manh, dd CO ehfnh sieh xa hpi tien bp, dy luin xa h$i ca ngcfi nhuhg dieu tot dep v i lin an nhuhg gi la xau xa Mpt moi tn/dng xa hpi cd dieu kiin d i cii tot, cii eao thydng phit trien, cd lap v i io^i Pd nhuhg cii xau xa Vin hda dpc cd ning t^o dyhg mdt cpng dong ed diy dii dieu kiin d i p iihg nhu rau hoe tap suot ddi ciia mpi ngydi; giiip mpi ngydi dydc tiep can mpt each khdng han che v i tiling thye den mpi ngudn thong tin eiia xa hpi Vin hda dpc cho phep viec bao ton bin sic vin
hda v i glao luy glD^ cie nin vin hda Vin hda dpc cd ning khu5y dpng cie phong O'ip ho?t d$ng vl sy t i i n b$ aia c<lng ddng v i nhin lo^i M0t edng ddng tdt dep, tn/dc h i t v i t r i n h i t phii l i mdt e$ng ddng dpc
Din t i e Vl§t Nam ta vdn l i d i n tpc da cd vin hda dpc tir 4000 nim tn/dc, da xiy dyhg dy^c mOt truyin thdng quy sich v i thfch dpe sieh T h i nhuhg, nhOhg nim g i n diy, dp nhieu nguyin nhin chii quan v i khich quan, tiijySn tiling tdt dep Sy d i c6 nhiiu phai nh^t, nhit l i ndng thdn: tfnh tich cyt dpe khdng cao, tiidi quen dpc ehua bin vQhg, myc dich dpe chua tdt, phydng phip dpe chda hdp ly d i n d i n ky ning dpc k^m hieu q u i Thii d$ ddi vdi sieh, vdi tri thdc v i nhijhg ngy^ lim sieh chu^ thda ding
Chin chinh nhOhg l§ch lee v i phit tirlin vin hda dpe d ndng tiidn hlin i i cSp bich v i cSn thiit Viic phit triin v i n hda dpe d i m bio eho mpi ngydi dan d ndng thdn cd dudc mpt trinh dp hpc vin day dii, dude tiip c i n mdt cich tmng thye va khdng h^n che den mpi ngudn thdng tin eua x3 hpi de lim thay ddi di$n mao eiia eie e$ng ddng din ey d ndng thdn vin minh v i tiin bp hdn
Thy vien, theo quan diem ciia UNESCO, vdi ty cich l i m$t thiet e h i quan trpng hing diu viec "dim bio cho mgi d nhin ed dupe ntdt binh
dg hgc vin day du, ddpc dip e$n day du thdng tin, di minh cd thira dupe nhOhg quyS dinh dijng din cho minh vi cho cdng ddng Thifi: hign nhOhg quySn thiing iOng aia ngd&i, ti/ f^dn vinh vi phit W ^ ' p h i i l i d$i quin chii Iyt
trong viec hinh thinh cie cpng ddng dpc d nong thdn hl§n
2 G\iA p h i p p h ^ t r i & i vftn h6a dgc d n6ng th6n f)6ng b&ng sdng CuTu Long
Ddng bing sdng OJTU Long l i ngudn ludng thyt thyt phSm quan trpng nhit aia c i nude, nhuhg l^i l i khu v y t cd nhiiu Idid khin nhat ddi sdng v i tiin dudng phit trien Viec phit trien v i n hda dpc d khu vut niy se c6 nhieu khd khin v i cd tfnh d$c thii so vdi cie khu vyt khic NhOhg giii phip theo tdi l i can t h i ^ v i phii hdp vdi dieu kien hlin ciia khu vyt Ddng bing sdng Ci>lj Long cd t h i l i :
(3)2.1 Phii CO cti che chinh sich hpp ly Ty trude den nay, td ehyc phit triin vin hda dpe d ndng thon dd c6 khu vyt Ddng bing sdng Ciili Long hiu nhy dydc khoin tring cho h i thong thy viin edng cdng Tuy nhiin, d i u t y ciia nhi nude cho thy vien cdng cpng chi mdi den dude vdi thy vien cap huyen Sd phan v i ho^it ddng eiia eae thy vien, phdng dpe saeh, tii sach cap dydi huyin tiiy thudc v i o Idng "hao tam" cya cie to chut doin t h i xa h^i, cac manh thudng quin hoic sy ning ddng ciia thy vien cdng cdng cap tinh v i huyin Thiet nghi, nhffng ngudi din d ed sd mdi that sy la ngudi cin va xiihg ding nhat de dude hudng eie hoat dpng cdng fch nhy hoat dpng thy vien NhClhg nim gin diy, chydng trinh t i i trd sich cho viing siu, vung xa dydc nhi nydc thyt hien Tuy nhiin chudng trinh niy van cdn mang ti'nh thdi vy nin qui md, chat ludng v i hiiu qui chiia cao Thep t i c g i i , phit tii^n vin hda dpe phii l i mdt ndi dung quan trpng bp tieu chf xiy dung ndng tiidn mdi v i phii du'dc dim bao bdi phip luat ve to chut v i the che To chyc va the ehi ve v i n hoa dpc d ndng thdn bao gom mpt h i thdng thy vien v i khdng gian dpc sach edng edng cd ngudn lyc thdng tin phong phu, ed mdi tn/dng dpc hap din v i cd djch vy da dang tudng thfch vdi dieu kien hoin canh eiia ngydi dan Can phai thiit lip mdt h i thdng phan phdi saeh CO chat lydng ve tui tudng, hpc thuat, phii hdp vdi ndng thdn, phii hdp vdi ning t i i chfnh eiia ngydi dan Nhi nyde phai dam bio dude nhiihg dieu kiin can thiet de td ehyc v i phat tiien van hda dpc: Phii cd ed quan cdng quyen dac ti-ach viee khuyin khfch, ^nh hydng, dieu chinh va dieu hinh v i n hoa dpe; Cd nguon kinh phi chae chin va dyde cap phat kjp thdi; Cd du'dng ldi, chinh saeh uli tiin cho viee phit trien van hda dpc
2.2 Van dgng st/f ddng tinh cua toin xa hdi
Phai ed nhyng hoat dpng quang ba rdng rai xa hdi v i vin hda dpc, lam ehP mpi ngddi hieu ve van hda dpc, col van hoa doe nhy mdt net "Thuin phong, my tyc" 161 sdng, sinh hoat Hoat ddng dpc sich dyde xem l i mot tieu thuan ve pham chat dao diit ciia m5i c i nhan va
tiihg eOng dong Phil dy^e xem l i thoi quen tdt v i bd fch - phai l i mpt thii thydng ngoan tao nha
2.3 Phit huy truySn thSng gia dinh Vi$t Nam
Anh hydng eiia gla dinh ddi vdi nhan each sdng ciia m6l ei nhin d Viet Nam, nhit l i d viing ndng thdn la r i t dam n^t Giao dye dau tien ddi vdi eon ngudi bao gid eung t y gia dinh, va ludn tqio dudc nhiing diu an khd phai md vi viec giio dye dydc thye hien tren ed sd tinh cim yeu thudng Viee giao dye thoi quen doc can phai du'dc thut hiin t y gia dinh, Hien nay, d viing ndng thdn Vi^t Nam ndi chung, va khu vyc Dong bing sdng Ciih Long ndi riing, cac gia dinh phai t i t bat kiem sdng hang ngay, rat khd de xiy dyng mdt truyin thing dpe gia dinh, Vi vay, can phai cd sy ho trd t y phia nhi nude v i toan xa hdi de nang eao myc song eho ngydi dan ndng thdn, 2.4 Thay doi ph&ting phip day va hgc ti nha truing
PhUdng phip day va hpc hien cac nha trydng chu^ bat bude va khuyin khich hpc sinh dpe sieh Sau gia dinh, nhi trudng phai la ndi xay dyng van hda dpc tot nhat O nha bn/dng, hpc sinh se dyde hydng dan ve viec chpn sich, ve phUdng phip v i ky nang dpe, v i thai dp dpc, ve muc dfch dpe Mot hpc sinh da hinh thinh dUdc van hda doc, thi Idn len, cac em se la ngydi eo thdi quen dpe ben vijTig, v i ty hoat ddng doc bd mdt hoat ddng quen thupc eiia cdng ddng
2.5 Phat trien he thong thtf vien phuc vu ndng thdn
Cac thy vien d ndng thdn phai trd mpt
trung tam vin hoa, mdt trung tam hpc tap cdng dong, mpt dau cau de tiep ein tdi mpi nguon thdng tin xa hdi, mdt mdi trudng nghi ngcfi, giai tri linh manh cua cpng ddng Can phai cd sydau t y manh me bi' phfa nhi nude va xa hdi de cac thy vien viing ndng thdn trd dia chi hap dan va ding tin eay nhat eiia nhin dan moi hp can tn thye, ein thdng tin, ke ca moi ho mudn nghi ngdi, ttiy gian, mudn hydng thu nhyng gii trj tinh than, Muon nhy vay, thy vien
(4)ran du^c dau t y mpt ngudn lyc thdng tin hip d§n, phii hcfp vdi trinh dd nhin thye, nhu ciu cupc sdng, thj hieu ciia ngudi d i n ; Mdt mdi tn/dng dpe hip dSn vdi khudn viin r$ng rai, thoing mit, try sd khang trang v i ti§n nghi, sy da d^ng v i djch vy tydng thich vdi thdi quen, dieu kien v i hoin cinh song ciia ddng bio ndng thdn viing Dong bing sdng Ciili Long
2.6 Cin phai cd mdt ddl ngu cin bd thU vi$n ndng titdn ehuyin nghi$p
Hien nay, ngudi lam edng t i e thy viin d viing ndng thdn ndi ehung v i Ddng bing sdng CirU Long ndi riing, mdt sd it theo c h i dd b i n ehuyin trieh, phin ddng la nhyng "tinh nguy§n viin", hp d i n vdi thy vien vi y i u thfch, vi sy tiin bd cua cpng ddng khdng bien chi, khdng Iu'dng, khdng dude huan luyin ve mit chuyen mdn Diy l i mpt dieu hit siJC nghich ly Bdi l i , hoat ddng thy viin viing nong thdn, tfnh chit phyc t^p cua nd, ddl hdi phii ed nhffng ein bp khdng ehi c6 trinh dp chuyen mdn rao, nhieu kinh nghiem, ma edn phii h i t sdc tam huyet va rat ning dpng Hp phii dydc d i o tap day dii va ehuyen biet de boat ddng dyde d viing ndng thdn Dong bing sdng CirtJ Long, doi hdi nhieu td chat: Hda hdp dyde vdi mdi trudng ti/ nhien, am hieu phong tyc, tap quan, tihh cich cita ngudi dan Nam bp, ed ning v i n dpng, chiu dytig dUde gian khd, ed kha ning phin iihg nhanh vdi mdi trydng ludn biin ddng Nha nudc ndi chung va nganh thu'vien
ndi riing c i n phii ed nhDhg chfnh sich, c h i dO del thu hiit dyijc nhOhg ngydi uu tii tham gla v i o d$l ngO c i n bp thy vi§n phyc vy ndng thdn Cie cd sd d i p tgp v6 thy vi§n - thdng tin cin ed nhyng ehudng trinh huin luy^n riing d i p dng
<3d(fc nhDhg diiu kien v i ddi hdi ciia hogt d0ng
thy vi§n khu vye die biet n i y * K i t lu^n
Phit triin v i n hda dpe viing ndng tiidn l i m$t dgo ly m i toin x i hdi phii thye hl#n Chudng trinh x i y dyhg ndng thdn mdi dang d u ^ nhi nude phit dpng tisin xa hdi Chudng binh niy s i khdng cd y nghTa n i u ngudi ndng d i n vSn khdng thiit tha d i n sieh vd, d i n vi$c dpc sich, bdi d i y i i dydng nhanh nhit d i tiiay ddi t h ^ de ldi sdng v i miit sdng ciia ngudi ndng din, thay ddi bp m$t ndng thdn Viit Nam
TAI U | U THAM KHAO
1 Tham luin t^i Len hiip Thy vien Ddng bSng song CiiU Long
2 Tuyin ngdn nim 1994 aia UNESCO ve Onf
viin cdng cdng U V i cdng t i c thy vien Bd Vin hda
- Thdng tin - H.: 2002 - Tr 267 - 272
3 Vo Cong Nam Phit triin vin hda dgc
thanh thiiu nOn trin dia bin Thinh phd Hd Qu Minh: Oe t i l cip bd - Tp HCM; Dai hpc Vin hoa TP
HCM, 2012 - 221 ti:
CHINH SACH DAU T U
77^p theo trang 25 Phip lenh Thy vien, H.: Nxb Chfnh trj Quoe gia, 2001
t Quyit djnh so: 3425/2001/QO-BQP ngiy
20/12/2001 ciia Bp tn/dng Bp Quoc phdng ve vlie "Ban hanh quy djnh ve tieu chuan ddi sdng v i n hoa, tinh than quan dpi"
5 Thdng h/ lien Bp s6 97/TTLB/VHTTTTDL-TC 15/06/1990 Bp Vin hda - Thdng On v i Bp Tai chinh Hudng dan c h i dd quin ly t i i chfnh v i chfnh sich dau t y eiia Nha nude doi vdi thu' viin cdng cdng
6 Thdng t i / liin tjeh sd 04/2002/TTLT/BVHTT-BTC ngiy 04/03/2002 giOa Bp Vin hda - Thdng tin v i Bp T i i ehfnh Sda ddi, bd sung mdt sd quy djnh t^i Thdng t u sd 97/TTLB/VHTTTTDL-TC 15/06/1990
7 Thdng tU llin Bd sd 30/TT-LB ngiy 26-7-1990 Bd Giio dye v i Dao tao v i Bd Tai chfnh Hudng dan quin ly vdn sy nghiip <liu tU cho giio dye phd thdng
8 Thdng t y s6 67/2006/TT-BVHTT ngiy 10/8/2006 aia Bp Vin hda - Thdng tin hudng dan phin h^ng va thyt hi$n chi phy cip chut vu lint) dao cie td chiit sy nghiip, djch vu cdng lip ho^t ddng vin hda thdng tin (phan thy viin)